A Search for an Optimum Currency Area Partners for Pakistan

This paper empirically examines the existence of a common trend between the exchange rates of Pakistan and four regional countries (Bangladesh, India, Saudi Arabia, and Sri Lanka) with two of their major trading partners (the United States and Japan) as base countries. Results from cointegrating analysis show that the strongest evidence points to the existence of common stochastic trends between the Pakistani rupee, on the one hand, and the Bangladeshi Taka and the Sri Lankan rupee, on the other hand. There is no strong evidence for the existence of a common stochastic trend between the Pakistani rupee and the currencies of India and Saudi Arabia. Optimum Currency Area (OCA) theory seems to justify the formation of a currency union between Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The case of a currency union between Bangladesh and Pakistan is strengthened by a shared political past and a shared history of financial institutional development. The immediate impact of the formation of such union on Pakistan’s GDP growth will however be insignificant.Currency, pakistan

An Evaluation of the Performance of Government of Pakistan

The use of social and economic indicators to evaluate and rank governments’ performance is often found in literature. The Anglo-Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries rest on the surveillance of work in the various ministries. This performance accounting approach thus becomes crucial for any regime to perform superlatively to their predecessors and thus it provides the basis to suggest why it is important to inspect governance of a government. Government’s efficacy also depends on the magnitude of the welfare that it is able to achieve. Debate on welfare is dated back to Adam Smith at-least. Now the question is what should be the welfare gauging indicators. We understand that, issues related to poverty, land utilisation, agriculture and industrial sectors, health services, education, growth rate of national income, per capita income, employment, etc. are important factors that can explain welfare status of a nation. Thus by developing an index based on performance in these areas, various political regimes can be evaluated and ranked. These evaluations and rankings set standards for future governments to improve. Thus these studies can be useful for developing and improving social welfare standards

A Search for an Optimum Currency Area Partners for Pakistan

The Indian government has on several occasions advocated the idea that a common currency area be formed in the SAARC region. The response from other member countries has been somewhat lukewarm. They are unconvinced that the benefit of currency union establishment will outweigh the cost emanating from the abandonment of national monetary sovereignty. This paper seeks to empirically investigate the feasibility of a common currency area for Pakistan with each one of the following countries; India, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia and Sri Lanka. This empirical investigation involves estimation of the co-variation of the bilateral real exchange rates using the Japanese Yen and the US dollar as base currencies. Section 2 begins with an eclectic overview of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) literature. Section 3 presents the estimation methodology, Section 4 discusses the findings and Section 5 concludes the analysis

AN ANALYSIS OF THE TAX BUOYANCY RATES IN PAKISTAN

By using econometric techniques for estimating tax elasticities, this paper finds significant but low tax buoyancy rates for GDP, M0 and volume of trade. Surprisingly, the theoretically important factor of tax evasion (SFTR) was found to be ineffective. This indicates that SFTR is not an adequate measure of tax evasion. There is no significant association between tax revenue growth and investment, credit, public debt and inflation. This illustrates the weakness of the tax regime in Pakistan

IBA-SCCI; REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON INVESTMENT & TRADE

A two-day regional conference on “Investment and Trade Co-operation in SAARC” organized by IBA in collaboration with SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry, was held at Karachi in January 2006. The main objective of the conference was to provide a platform where policy makers from different SAARC countries discussed strengths and weaknesses in various sectors that affect investment and trade

An analysis of Tax Buoyancy Rates in Pakistan

By using econometric techniques for estimating tax elasticities, this paper finds significant but low tax buoyancy rates for GDP, M0 and volume of trade. Surprisingly, the theoretically important factor of tax evasion (SFTR) was found to be ineffective. This indicates that SFTR is not an adequate measure of tax evasion. There is no significant association between tax revenue growth and investment, credit, public debt and inflation. This illustrates the weakness of the tax regime in Pakistan

An analysis of Tax Buoyancy Rates in Pakistan

By using econometric techniques for estimating tax elasticities, this paper finds significant but low tax buoyancy rates for GDP, M0 and volume of trade. Surprisingly, the theoretically important factor of tax evasion (SFTR) was found to be ineffective. This indicates that SFTR is not an adequate measure of tax evasion. There is no significant association between tax revenue growth and investment, credit, public debt and inflation. This illustrates the weakness of the tax regime in Pakistan

An analysis of Tax Buoyancy Rates in Pakistan

By using econometric techniques for estimating tax elasticities, this paper finds significant but low tax buoyancy rates for GDP, M0 and volume of trade. Surprisingly, the theoretically important factor of tax evasion (SFTR) was found to be ineffective. This indicates that SFTR is not an adequate measure of tax evasion. There is no significant association between tax revenue growth and investment, credit, public debt and inflation. This illustrates the weakness of the tax regime in Pakistan

Authentic Leadership, Employee Wellbeing and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

The role of authentic leadership has been stressed in the management literature. We have examined how an authentic leader can influence employee well-being, creativity and knowledge sharing in the context of Pakistan. The results derived from a sample of 200 project managers suggest that authentic leadership plays a significant role in creating a culture of knowledge sharing and creativity. Moreover, leaders are also concerned about the well-being of employees. In addition, authentic leaders through knowledge sharing influence employee creativity. The study recommends that managers should adopt an authentic leadership style as it creates a culture of knowledge sharing and give autonomy to workers. Moreover, authentic leaders are open to new ideas and welcome personal and organizational criticism. This helps employees to relieve their job-related stress which positively influences employee attitude and gives the firm a competitive edge.Keywords: Authentic leadership, knowledge sharing, employee well-being, employee creativity