Položaj kefalometrijske točke “A” nakon širenja nepca

Objectives: Palatal expansion is used to treat severely constricted maxillary arches associated with a posterior unilateral o f bilateral crossbite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the affects of such treatment on the position of the “A ” point. Material and Methods: Ninety six cases where palatal expansion was the first orthodontic treatment were retrospectively analyzed using lateral cephalographs taken before and after the expansion phase. Vertical movement of “A ” point was assessed relative to the perpendicular distance from the Frankfort Horizontal Plane and from the anterior cranial base (Sella-Nasion). Horizontal movement o f “A ” point was measured parallel to the Frankfort Plane using a line tangenital to the posterior limit of the pterygomandibular fissure and also parallel to the anterior cranial base from point Sella. Subgroups o f “rapid” and “slow” palatal expansion were compared. Results: Here was a mean downward and forward movement o f point “A ” during palatal expansion, with displacement being greater on average with rapid than with slow palatal expansion therapy. The mean vertical component changes relative to speed of palatal expansion was statistically significant (p 1 mm more with rapid palatal expansion compared to slow expansion; however, no statistical significance was proven. Mean increase in the mandibular plane angel was 1.4° to 2.0°. Conclusions: Palatal expansion is generally associated with a downward and forward movement o f point “A ” which is greater on average with rapid than with slow activation therapy.Širenje nepca koristi se u terapji uskih maksilarnih lukova udruženih sa jednostranim ili obostranim kriznim zagrizom. Cilj je ovog ispitivanja bio utvrditi djelovanje takvog tretmana na točku “A ”. Laterolateralni rendgenkefalogrami devedeset i šest pacijenata gdje je širenje nepce bi prvi ortodontski zahvat analizirani su prije i poslije tretmana. Vertikalni pomaci točke “A ” promatran je u odnosu na vertiklanu udaljenost od Frankfurtske horizontale do prednje kranijalne baze (sela -nasion). Horizontalni pomak točke “A ” mjeren je paralelno s Frankfurtskom horizontalom od tangente stražnjeg ruba pterigomaksilarne fisure i paralelno s prednjom kranijalnom bazom od točke sela. Podgrupe ‘forsirano” i “sporo” širenje nepca također su međusobno uspoređene. Točka “A ” značajno se pomiče prema dolje i prema naprijed, s tim da je pomak značajniji u grupi s forsiranim širenjem. Vertikalni pomak u značajnoj je vezi s brzinom širenja nepca (p<0,l). Horizontalna komponenta pomaka prosječno je za više od 1 mm veća kod fosriranog nego kod sporog širenja; statistička značaj-nost nije pronađena. Povećanje inklinacije mandibularne ravnine iznosilo je od 1,4° do 2,0°. Sirenje nepca je povezano s pomakom toćke “A ” prema dolje i prema naprijed koje je veće kod pacijenata gdje se nepce forsirano širilo

Naprava male površine velikog naboja za otkrivanje radioizotopa

Objective: Radionuclide imaging is used to determine the distribution of radioactively labelled radiopharmaceuticals following application to establish the anatomy affected by a variety of neoplastic, metabolic and inflammatory conditions. This is accomplished through recording radioactive emissions using a gamma camera of a SPECT system, neither of which provides high resolution. The purpose o f this investigation was to determine whether a charge-coupled device designed for intraoral radiography could be modified to detect high energy emissions made by radiopharmaceutical agents. Methods: A RadioVisioGraphy (RVG) 32000 (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, France) with an unsealed sensor was employed so that the scintillator could be varied. The system was further modified to be activated by a CCX timer (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, France) disassociated from an x-ray generator. Radionuclides tested included 125I, 133Xe, 99mTc, 1311 and 60Co. Images were attempted of metallic test objects of known outline. Images were stored in a PC-compatible computer using the proprietary software provided by Trophy Radiologie for digital dental radiography. Results: Discernible images were found with Tc-99m calibrated at 900-925 mCi. No deterioration o f the sensor occured despite the high energy of the source, hence the tungsten glass fiberoptic prism of the RVG 32000 was effective in protecting the change-coupled device (CCD) from radiation damage. Conclusions: While further studies are needed, this preliminary study shows that there is a potential fo r using small surface CCDs for the detection of radiopharmaceuticals and, hence, to better localize the distribution of deposition within small cavities such as the mouth.Ciljevi: Slikanje radionukleidima uporabljeno je da bi se odredila distribucija radioaktivno označenih radiofarmaceutskih preparata nakon njihove primjene, s namjerom da se utvrdi područje zahvaćeno tumorom, metaboličkim ili upalnim procesom. To je ostvareno tako da je biljezeno radioaktivno zračenje gama kamerom ili SPECT sustavom od kojih ni jedan ne osigurava visoku rezoluciju. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je odrediti, da li naprava male površine velikog naboja za intraoralnu radiografiju može biti modificirana za otkrivanje zračenja jake snage stvorenog radiofarmaceutskim preparatima. Metode. Radioviziograf (RVG) naprava tipa 32000 (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, Francuska) s nazaštićenim senzorom rabio se, da bi se omogućilo variranje scintilatora. Sustav se i dalje modificirao da se može aktivirati putem CCX timera (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, Francuska) koji nije povezan s generatorom x-zraka. Testirani su radionukleidi 125I, 133Xe, 99mTc, 1311 and 60Co. Učinjene su probne slike metalnih probnih objakata poznatog obrisa. Slike su se pohranile u PC- -kompatibilnom računalu koristeći program od Trophy Radiologie za digitalnu dentalnu radiografiju. Rezultati: Vidljive slike su nađene s 99mTc kalibriranim na 900-925 mCi. Nije došlo do smanjene kakvoće senzora bez obzira na visoku energiju izvora, dakle RVG 32000 tungsten staklena fiberoptička prizma bila je efikasna u štićenju naprave male površine velikog naboja od oštećenja zračenjem. Zaključci: Iako je potrebno dalje istraživanje, ovo je preliminarno istraživanje pokazalo, da postoji mogućnost uporaba naprave male površine velikog naboja za otkrivanje radiofarmaceutika te zato do bolje lokalizacije i distribucije njihova odlaganja unutar malih šupljina poput usne šupljine

Znanstvena recenzija: ocjena vrijednosti

Objectives: Editors o f journals depend on the system of peer review to screen out poorly conceived, poorly executed and unoriginal manuscripts. This study was designed to assess the reliability and consistency of reviewers ’ responses with regard to manuscripts submitted for publication to a leading international dental journal. Methods: Three elements in the peer review process were investigated; namely: (1) reviewers\u27 reports on manuscripts to the oral and maxillofacial radiology section of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics were studied for consistency in the three reports for each of 78 consecutively submitted manuscripts rated as Ufull papers”; (2) ten previo sly accepted and ten previously rejected manuscripts were sent out for re-review by different panels of reviewers who were uninformed o f the prior review; and (3) questionnaires were sent to the editors o f ten leading dental journals to compare their peer review criteria and outcomes. Results: Reviewers were consistently reliable in their responses to questions regarding originality and scientific merit, and in delineating manuscript acceptability. O f manuscripts that were previously accepted eight o f ten were again accepted following a further double blind review. Of manuscripts that were rejected originally, six of ten were again rejected upon a second review by other referees. The use o f two reviewers was validated for accepted articles; but validity required at least three reviewers when manuscripts were rejected. The selected jo urnal editors reported acceptance rates of from 30 to 80% with publication waiting times form three to 24 months. Higher acceptance percentages generally were associated with greater delays in publication. Conclusions: Journal peer review is not perfectly reliable; however, it does serve the purpose of reducing the number of poorly conceived and poorly constructed research papers.Cilj istraživanja: Urednici časopisa ovise o sustavu recenzija kako bi se zaštitili od loše zamišljenih, loše izvedenih i neoriginalnih rukopisa. Cilj ove studije bio je procijeniti pouzdanost i dosljednost recenzenta prema rukopisima poslanim kako bi se objavili u vodećem međunarodnom stomatološkom časopisu. Postupak: Istraživana su tri elementa u postupku recenzije; poglavito: (1) proučeni su izvještaji recenzenata o rukopisima poslanim odsjeku za radiologiju časopisa Oral Surgery, Oral medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, kako bi se ustanovila dosljednost triju recenzija za svaki od 78 redom pristiglih radova označenih kao “juli papers (2) deset već prihvaćenih i deset prethodno odbijenih radova poslano je na ponovnu recenziju različitim recenzentima koji nisu bili obaviješteni o prethodnim recenzijama; i (3) poslani su upitnici urednicima vodećih stomatoloških časopisa kako bi se usporedili kriteriji i rezultati recenzija. Rezultati: Recenzenti su bili dosljedno pouzdani u odgovorima o izvornosti, znanstvenom doprinosu i odluci o prihvatljivosti rukopisa. Od deset prethodno prihvaćenih rukopisa osam je bilo ponovno prihvaćeno nakon dvostruke slijepe recenzije. Od deset rukopisa koji su prethodno bili odbijeni šest je po odluci drugih referenata bilo ponovno odbijeno. Korištenje dva recenzenta bilo je punovrijedno za prihvaćene članke, ali da bi se postigla pravovaljanost kod odbijenih rukopisa potrebna su barem tri recenzenata. Urednici izabranih časopisa izvijestili su o prihvaćanju radova u 30 do 80% slučajeva, a vrijeme do tiska radova bilo je od 3 do 24 mjeseca. Viši postotak prihvaćenih radova općenito je bio povezan s dužim razdobljem do objave radova. Zaključak: Recenzija u časopisu nije savršeno pouzdana; međutim, ona služi da bi se i smanjio broj loše zamišljenih i loše izvedenih znanstvenih radova

Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging modality that provides high-quality, accurate three-dimensional (3D) representations of the osseous elements of the maxillofacial skeleton. CBCT systems are available that provide small field of view images at low dose with sufficient spatial resolution for applications in endodontic diagnosis, treatment guidance, and posttreatment evaluation. This article provides a literature review and pictorial demonstration of CBCT as an imaging adjunct for endodontics

Video Subtraction: Dynamic Temporal Change Versus Intrinsic Colour Instability

Svrha: Vrjednovati metodu digitalnog oduzimanja mirujućih videoslika za prikaz promjena u pokusima djelotvornosti stimulirane oralne higijene. Metode: Za točno premještanje videokamere tipa Stoma Vision (STV, -Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, France) kod promatranja prednjih zuba i zubnoga mesa modela tipa DXTRR (Dentsply/Rinn, Elgin, Illinois) bio je upotrebljen akrilički fiksator. Slike su bile spremljene u binarnom obliku (16 bita: 5 za crveno, 5 za plavo, 6 za zeleno) unutar VG/STV-PC softwarea što ga je isporučio proizvođač kamere. Za simuliranje promjena u prekrivanju sredstvima za razotkrivanje naslaga i uaple zubnoga mesa na model je nanesen crveni vosak. Izrađivane su video snimke tijekom stanovitoga vremena, ali bez manipuliranja modelom, da bi se procijenila prirođena nestabilnost boje sustava. Suptrakcija vrijednosti slika provodila se je po sljedećoj jednadžbi: g(x1,y)=f(x1,y)-h(x1,y), kojom se računaju rezlike odgovarajućih čestica slike (pixel) od f i h, što je dalo novu sliku y. Histogramske raščlambe za svaku od boja (crvena, plava i zelena) slijedile su diskretnu funkciju P(rk)=N/n, gdje je rk razina boje kth, Nk broj čestica u slici uz tu razinu boje i područje &=0,i,2,...L\u277. Rezultati: Suptrakcija videoslika pružila je solidan uvid u dinamičke privremene promjene kad je kontrast boje bi znatan (npr. na krunu zuba stavljena točkica crvenoga voska). Između ostalih čimbenika, opazena je unutarnja nestabilnost boje tijekom vremena, zbog promjene temperature izvora svjetla, osobito kada je STV bila sktivirana više od jednoga sata. Zaključci: Video suptrakcija pokazuje potencijal kao metoda za kvantificiranje promjena razotkrivanja statusa dentalne higijene ili promjena boje zuba tijekom vremena; no zbog nestalnosti temperature boje tijekom vremena, treba faktorirati promjene.Objectives: To evaluate digital subtraction of still video images to show temporal change in a simulated oral hygiene effectiveness trial. Methods: An acrylic stent was used for the accurate repositioning of a Stoma Vision (STV) video camera (Trophy Radiologie, Vincennes, France) to view the anterior teeth and gingivae of a DXTRR manikin (Dentsply/Rinn, Elgin, Illinois). Images were stored in binary form (16 bit: 5 red; 5 blue: 6 green) within the RVG/STV-PC software provided by the manufacturer of the camera. Red wax was applied to the manikin to simulate changes in the coverage o f plaque disclosing solutions and gingival inflammation. Videos were also taken over time without manipulation o f the model to evaluate intrinsic colour instability o f the system. Image subtraction followed the formula: g(x1,y)=f(x1,y)-h(x1,y), computing the differences of corresponding pixel from f and h, given the new image y. Histogram analysis for each (red, blue and green) followed the discrete function P(rk)=N/n, where rk is the kth colour level, Nk is the number of pixels in the image with that color level and k=0,l,2,...L~1 is range. Results: Subtraction o f video images provided solid evidence o f dynamic temporal change where colour contrast was substantial (e.g. placing a wax red dot over the crown of a tooth). Intrinsic colour instability due to the temperature of light source among other factors was seen over time, especially when the STV was activated for more than one hour. Conclusions: Video subtraction shows potential as a method to quantify changes in disclosed dental hygiene status or tooth coloration over time; however, changes due to colour temperature modification over time need to be factored

In vivo Accuracy of CCD-based Radiography for the Estimation of Periapical Lesion Dimensions

Ciljevi: Ova je klinička studija provedena da bi se usporedile točnosti procjena stomatologa o dimenzijama periapikalnih prosvjetljenja temeljenih na primjeni elektroničkoga slikanja uporabom sustava za intraoralnu radiografiju tipa RVG® 32000, te filma tipa Ektaspeed. Metode: Držeći se dozvole Nadzornoga tijela Institucije i informacija o uvjetima, napravljene su bile predoperacijske slike periapikalnih oštećenja 12 redom pridošlih pacijenata kojima je bio potreban kirurški zahvat. Slike su napravljene na oba načina: sustavom RVG® 32000, i filmom Ektaspeed. Stvarna veličina oštećenja bila je ustanovljena izradom otisaka od koštanoga voska tipa Ethicon®, tijekom same operacije. Skupina od pet stomatologa postigla je konsenzus u procjeni superiornih - inferiornih i mezio-distalnih dimenzija periapikalnih prosvjetljenja ustanovljenih iz predoperacijskih slika, odvojeno i neovisno za dva modaliteta. Rezultati: Procjene dimenzija oštećenja izrađene sustavom RVG® 32000 i filmom Ektaspeed znatno su se među se razlikovale. Odstupanje od stvarnih izmjerenih vrijednosti bilo je znatno veće za procjene temeljene na filmskim radio grafijama od odstupanja procjena na temelju slika sustava RVG® 32000. Općenito uzevši, dimenzije oštećenja bile su na osnovi filmskih slika precijenjene, a malo podcijenjene na osnovi slika snimljenih sustavom RVG® 32000. Zaključci: Digitalno intraoralno slikanje sustavom RVG® 32000 daje moguće prednosti pred konvencionalnom radiografijom time što stomatolozima omogućuje u prosjeku točnije procjene veličina periapikalnih prosvjetljenja.Objectives: This clinical study was performed to compare the accuracy of endodontists ’ assessment o f the sizes o f periapical radiolucencies using electronic imaging with the RVG® 32000 intraoral radiographic system and Ektaspeed film. Methods: Following Institutions Review Board approval and informed consent, presurgical images were made both with the RVG® 32000 and Ektaspeed film for periapical lesions in 12 consecutive patients requiring endodontic surgery. Actual lesion size was determined by making impressions with Ethicon® bone wax at the time of surgery. A panel o f five endodontists reached consensus in estimation of the superior- inferior and mesio-distal dimensions of the periapical radiolucencies from the presurgical images, separately and independently for two modalities. Results: Lesion dimension estimates were significantly different between images made with the RVG® 32000 Ektaspeed film. There was a much greater deviation from the measured actual values for estimates using film radiographs than for those for the RVG® 32000 images. Generally, there was an over-estimation o f lesion size with film, and a slight under-estimation with RVG® 32000 images. Conclusions: Digital intraoral imaging with the RVG® 32000 offers potential advantages over conventional radiography in permitting endodontists on average to more accurately estimate the size of periapical radiolucencies

Određivanje dužine korijenskog kanala: procjena CDR® intraoralnog radiografskog sustava in vivo

The Computed Dental Radiolography System® (CDR: Schick Technologies, Long Island City, NY) is a CCD-based digital intraoral radiographic device which possesses a measurement software algorithm that can be adjusted with respect to an object of known dimension. This “calibration ” algorithm was compared to the CDR® preset mode and analog film using 30 root canals in vivo. The three measurement methods differed significantly from each other for 40% o f the canals sampled. Two o f the three differed significantly for 50% o f canals. No difference existed between the methods for 10% o f the canals. Estimates of tooth length using the calibrated mode differed from those obtained using a conventional radiographic technique by an average o f 1.2 mm, while those using the calibrated mode differed by 1.9 mm. The 1.2 mm average for the calibrated CDR® was judged to be an acceptable degree o f clinical error for most root canal procedures and indicates that the calibration function of the CDR® system should be used when measuring endodontic working lengths. The results demonstrated that calibration to a 15 mm probe when using the Schick CDR® system is more consistent with a comparable measurement, if film is used as the “gold standard”, than are measurements of the tooth length using the CDR® without calibration.Sustav "Kompjuterizirane dentalne radiografije" (CDR: Schick Technologies. Long Island City. NY) je na CDD-u zasnovan uređaj za digitalnu intraoralnu radio grafiju koji posjeduje "Software-ski algoritam" za mjerenja koji se može prilagoditi prema objektu poznate veličine. Ovaj "kalibracijski" algoritam uspoređen je sa sustavom CDR (kompjutorizirane dentalne radiografije) bez mjernog algoritma i analognim filmom rabeći 30 korijenskih kanala in vivo. Tri postupka mjerenja značajno su se razlikovali u 40% mjerenih korijenskih kanala. Dva od tri postupka razlikovala su se u 50% mjerenih kanala. Nikakve razlike između postupaka nije bilo u 10% mjerenih korijenskih kanala. Procjena duljine zuba korištenjem kalibriranog načina razlikovala se od procjene dobivene konvencionalnom (analognom) radio grafskom tehnikom za otprilike 1,2 mm, dok se od digitalnog sustava bez mjernog algoritma razlikovala za prosječno 1,9 mm. Razlika od 1,2 mm za "kalibrirani CDR" se procjenjuje kao prihvatljiva klinička greška za većinu endodontskih postupaka i ukazuje da bi se "kalibracijski sustav CDRa" trebao rabiti pri mjerenju radne duljine korijenskog kanala. Rezultati ukazuju da je kalibracija sonde do 15 mm kad se rabi Schch-ov CDR sustav postojanija s usporednim mjerenjem ako se film koji se mjeri uzme kao "zlatni standard", nego je mjerenje duljine CDR sustavom bez kalibracije

Qualitative near-infrared vascular imaging system with tuned aperture computed tomography

We developed a novel system for imaging and qualitatively analyzing the surface vessels using nearinfrared (NIR) radiation using tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT®). The system consisted of a NIRsensitive CCD camera surrounded by sixty light emitting diodes (with wavelengths alternating between 700 or 810 nm). This system produced thin NIR tomograms, under 0.5 mm in slice thickness. The venous oxygenation index reflecting oxygen saturation levels calculated from NIR tomograms was more sensitive than that from the NIR images. This novel system makes it possible to noninvasively obtain NIR tomograms and accurately analyze changes in oxygen saturation. © 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Thesis of Matsushita, Tatsuhiko / 松下 達彦 博士学位論文(金沢大学 / 大学院医薬保健学総合研究科