Risk of suicidal ideation associated with social network and coping skills.

<p>^a: Crude odds ratios were adjusted for gender;</p><p>^b: Adjusted odds ratios were further adjusted for psychopathologic features (SCL-90-R) and all variables in the panel simultaneously;</p><p>**p<0.01;</p><p>*p<0.05.</p><p>Risk of suicidal ideation associated with social network and coping skills.</p

Descriptive statistics of categorical variables by presence of suicidal ideation in study population.

<p>**p<0.01.</p><p>Descriptive statistics of categorical variables by presence of suicidal ideation in study population.</p

Structural model for social network and coping skills associated with suicidal ideation in study population.

<p>*p<0.05.</p

Survival curves.

<p>Survival curves of zebrafish infected with wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 were compared using GraphPad Prism 5 software. Each experimental group contained 15 zebrafish, and each experiment was performed in triplicate. A, The survival rates of zebrafish infected with 10⁸CFU/fish of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4; B, The survival rates of zebrafish infected with 10⁷CFU/fish of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4; C, The survival rates of zebrafish infected with 10⁶CFU/fish of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4.</p

Bacterial load of zebrafish infected with wild-type or lysogenic SS2-4.

<p>Three infected fish from each dose group were sacrificed at 2, 14, and 23 h post-infection. A, B, C, D: the bacterial load of fish infected with wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 at 10⁸ CFU/fish, 10⁷ CFU/fish, 10⁶ CFU/fish, 10⁵ CFU/fish, respectively. The Student's <i>t</i>-test was performed for comparison of the bacterial load at each dose between wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 using GraphPad Prism 5 software.</p

Sensitivity to lysozyme.

<p>Viable bacteria after incubation with lysozyme (3 h). First and second columns: initial bacterial viability of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4; third and fourth columns: bacterial viability of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 after incubation with lysozyme (3 h).</p

Comparison of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 cell morphology.

<p>(a) Wild-type SS2-4 in mid-log growth phase; (b) Lysogenic SS2-4 in mid-log growth phase; (c) Wild-type SS2-4 in the stationary growth phase; (d) Lysogenic SS2-4 in the stationary growth phase; (e) Wild-type SS2-4 in the declining growth phase; (f) Lysogenic SS2-4 in the declining growth phase. In all three phases, the lysogenic strain had a shorter chain than the wild-type strain.</p

Growth curves of wild-type and lysogenic SS2-4 strains.

<p>The initial concentration of bacteria was 10⁶ CFU/ml. Number of bacteria was estimated by plate counts. The growth rate of the lysogen was more rapid than that of the wild-type and a higher plateau was maintained during the stationary phase.</p

Primer sequences used in this study.

<p>Primer sequences used in this study.</p

<i>Herpes </i>zoster and the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Herpes zoster infection and stroke are highly prevalent in the general population; however, reports have presented inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between herpes zoster infection and stroke. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify this association.</p><p>Material and methods</p><p>The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies published from their inception to January 2016. Two investigators independently extracted the data. The pooled relative risk (RR) was calculated using a random effects model.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. During the first 1 month after herpes zoster infection, the pooled RRs for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.46–1.65) and 1.70 (95% CI, 0.73–3.96), respectively, and within 3 months after infection, the corresponding RRs were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.12–1.23) and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.17–3.60), respectively. At 1 year and more than 1 year after herpes zoster infection, a significant relationship was not observed between herpes zoster infection and the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Publication bias was not observed.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The accumulated evidence generated from this systematic review indicates that an increased risk for ischemic stroke occurred in the short term after herpes zoster infection, whereas a significant relationship was not observed in the long term after infection. With respect to hemorrhagic stroke, the association was not significant. With respect to hemorrhagic stroke, the association between was not significant except within 3 months after a herpes zoster infection.</p></div