Methods to Localize Shorts Between Power and Ground Circuits

In the competitive world of microprocessor design and manufacturing, rapid advancements can be facilitated by learning from the components made by one’s closest rivals. To make this possible, Orisar Inc. (formerly Semiconductor Insights) provides reverse engineering services to integrated circuit (IC) manufacturers. The process produces a circuit diagram from a chip and allows the manufacturer to learn about a competitor’s product. These services are also used to determine if any intellectual property infringements have been committed by their competitor. Reverse engineering of integrated circuit is made difficult by the shrinking form factor and increasing transistor density. To perform this complex task Orisar Inc. employs sophisticated techniques to capture the design of an IC. Electron microscope photography captures a detailed image of an IC layer. Because a typical IC contains more than one layer, each layer is photographed and physically removed from the IC to expose the next layer. A noise removal algorithm is then applied to the pictures, which are then passed to pattern recognition software in order to transfer the layer design into a polygonal representation of the circuit. At the last step a knowledgeable human expert looks at the polygonal representation and inputs the design into a standard electronic schematic with a CAD package. This process us currently very time consuming. We propose a method which can be easily automated thereby saving valuable worker time and accelerating the process of reverse engineering

Evaluation of Input, Process, and Outputs of Ma’had Ali Program in Islamic Boarding School

Evaluation research aimed at determining the condition of input, process, and output.  evaluation of Input is evaluation of conditions before the Ma'had Ali program was carried out. Process, evaluation of the program management process. Output of the Ma’had Ali Program, at this stage evaluation will be carried out on graduates. Its evaluation model was a countenance stake. The methods were used such as interviews, observation, questionnaires and assessment sheets that are structured for managers, students, lecturers, and alumni. The conclusions of this study were the evaluation of whole input components was in a bad category because the respondents who answered very good and good category were only 50.9% of 100%. Whereas, the evaluation of process components was in a good category because the frequency of very good and good category was 77.17% of 100%, While, the evaluation of the overall output component is in bad category because the frequency of very good and good category was 73.6% of 34 graduates who answered the questionnaire. This shows that the overall output of the Ma’had Ali program has not reached the standard of a successful program

The usage of the–ing form in R.D.Blackmore’s novel “Lorna Doone”

An –ing form is one of the forms of suffixes that often used in English language. The –ing form often used is divided into two categories i.e. present participle and gerund. Both rise usually in some different functions and positions. As present participle, especially in its function, the –ing form is known has features to explain, to determine and to identify noun or equivalent. These features take after as adjective and adverb possess. Meanwhile in its position, the –ing form is placed in some different positions, whether before noun (phrase), after noun, in the beginning of a sentence, in the middle of sentence and in the end of a sentence. As gerund, the –ing form is known function as noun. This is a reason for the researcher to investigate the –ing form as the research. All these different functions and positions of the –ing form are also difficulties that are encountered by the researcher’s friends in the State Islamic University of Bandung. They confused to determine which the –ing form as present participle and as gerund. Therefore, the researcher decides to describe, to determine and to analyze the usage of the –ing form that is investigated from R.D. Blackmore’s Novel “Lorna Doone” as a way to aid overcoming that difficulties. The purpose of this research is to give easiness for researcher’s friends in understanding different functions and positions of the –ing form. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Technique which is used to analyze is by observing some sentences that is identified and classified. Step to analyze is syntantic theory. On the contrary, analysis which is taken is accordance with theories that is put forward by Marcella Frank that is supported also by another theory. The result of this research points out that the –ing form has different functions and positions in a sentence, whether functions as present participle or functions as gerund. The –ing form as present participle is known through its function as adjective and as adverb; namely to explain, to describe, and to identify noun (phrase) and to explain sentence. It also can be known through its position, namely in the beginning of sentence, in middle of sentence, in the end of sentence, and before noun and after noun. The –ing form as gerund is known through its function as subject, as object, as subject complement, as direct object, as an object preposition and as appositive or in another word, in the beginning of sentence, in the middle of sentence, and in the end of the sentence. The researcher finds 117 of sentences having the –ing form, however, only 84 of sentences having the –ing form that can be identified as present participle. Then, researcher finds only 26 of sentences having the –ing form that can be identified as gerund. Hence, the –ing form is understood has various usages, whether as present participle category or as gerund category. Each of them is known through their function and their position. Hoping that this research can be a way for researcher’s friends and readers of English language generally to understand the use of the –ing form