735 research outputs found
Spitzer 70 Micron Source Counts in GOODS-North
We present ultradeep Spitzer 70 ÎŒm observations of GOODS-North (Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey). For the first time, the turnover in the 70 ÎŒm Euclidean-normalized differential source counts is observed. We derive source counts down to a flux density of 1.2 mJy. From the measured source counts and fluctuation analysis, we estimate a power-law approximation of the faint 70 ÎŒm source counts of dN/dS â S^â1.6, consistent with that observed for the faint 24 ÎŒm sources. An extrapolation of the 70 ÎŒm source counts to zero flux density implies a total extragalactic background light (EBL) of 7.4 ± 1.9 nW m^â2 sr^â1. The source counts above 1.2 mJy account for about 60% of the estimated EBL. From fluctuation analysis, we derive a photometric confusion level of Ïc = 0.30 ± 0.15 mJy (q = 5) for the Spitzer 70 ÎŒm band
Deep Herschel view of obscured star formation in the Bullet cluster
We use deep, five band (100â500 ÎŒm) data from the Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS) to fully constrain the obscured star formation rate, SFR_(FIR), of galaxies in the Bullet cluster (z = 0.296), and a smaller background system (z = 0.35) in the same field. Herschel detects 23 Bullet cluster members with a total SFRFIR = 144±14 M_â yr^(-1). On average, the background system contains brighter far-infrared (FIR) galaxies, with ~50% higher SFRFIR (21 galaxies; 207 ± 9 M_â yr^(-1)). SFRs extrapolated from 24 ÎŒm flux via recent templates (SFR_(24 ”m)) agree well with SFRFIR for ~60% of the cluster galaxies. In the remaining ~40%, SFR24 ”m underestimates SFR_(FIR) due to a significant excess in observed S_(100)/S_(24) (rest frame S_(75)/S_(18)) compared to templates of the same FIR luminosity
Sustained release of antimicrobials from double-layer nanofiber mats for local treatment of periodontal disease, evaluated using a new micro flow-through apparatus
Periodontal disease is a widespread chronic condition associated with degradation of periodontal tissues that requires more effective approaches for its treatment. Thus, the aim was to develop a nanodelivery system for local application of antimicrobials, with evaluation in vitro using a newly developed micro flow-through apparatus that simulates local in-vivo conditions in the periodontal pocket: small resting volume, and low gingival crevicular fluid flow rate. We successfully developed a double-layer nanofiber mat composed of a chitosan/ poly(ethylene) oxide nanofiber layer with 30% ciprofloxacin, and a poly(Δ-caprolactone) nanofiber layer with 5% metronidazole. The precisely designed composition enabled sustained in-vitro release of the antimicrobials according to their specific drug release mechanisms. The rate-limiting step of ciprofloxacin release was its own low solubility at pH 7.4, when there was excess of solid drug present in the delivery system. In contrast, sustained release of metronidazole was due to slow penetration of dissolution medium through the hydrophobic poly(Δ-caprolactone) nanofiber layer. The double-layer nanofiber mat developed showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans based on plate antibiogram assays. The antimicrobial concentrations released from the nanofiber mats determined using the developed apparatus were above the minimal inhibitory concentrations against the periodontal pathogens for up to 7 days, which is valuable information for prediction of the efficacy of the nanodelivery system. Although this apparatus was specifically designed for characterization of formulations associated with treatments for periodontal disease, its applicability is much wide, as for development of any delivery system for application at target sites that have similar local conditions
The Spitzer Archival Far-InfraRed Extragalactic Survey
We present the Spitzer Archival Far-InfraRed Extragalactic Survey (SAFIRES).
This program produces refined mosaics and source lists for all far-infrared
extragalactic data taken during the more than six years of the cryogenic
operation of the Spitzer Space Telescope. The SAFIRES products consist of
far-infrared data in two wavelength bands (70 um and 160 um) across
approximately 180 square degrees of sky, with source lists containing
far-infrared fluxes for almost 40,000 extragalactic point sources. Thus,
SAFIRES provides a large, robust archival far-infrared data set suitable for
many scientific goals.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, published in ApJ
New Optical Insights into the Mass Discrepancy of Galaxy Clusters: The Cases of A1689 and A2218
We analyze the internal structures of clusters A1689 and A2218 by applying a
recent development of the method of wavelet analysis, which uses the complete
information obtained from optical data, i.e. galaxy positions and redshifts. We
find that both clusters show the presence of structures superimposed along the
line of sight with different mean redshifts and smaller velocity dispersions
than that of the system as a whole, suggesting that the clusters could be cases
of the on-going merging of clumps. In the case of A2218 we find an acceptable
agreement between our estimate of optical virial mass and X-ray and
gravitational lensing masses. On the contrary, in the case of A1689 we find
that our mass estimates are smaller than X-ray and gravitational lensing ones
at both small and large radii. In any case, at variance with earlier claims,
there is no evidence that X-ray mass estimates are underestimated.Comment: 8 pages, 2 eps figures, Use LaTeX2e, accepted by Astrophysical
Journal, in press November 1997, Vol.49
Infrared Properties of Radio-Selected Submillimeter Galaxies in the Spitzer First Look Survey Verification Field
We report on submillimeter and infrared observations of 28 radio-selected
galaxies in the Spitzer First Look Survey Verification field (FLSV). All of the
radio-selected galaxies that show evidence for emission at 850um with SCUBA
have Spitzer counterparts at 24um, while only half of the radio-selected
galaxies without 850um emission have detectable counterparts at 24um. The data
show a wide range of infrared colors (S70/S24 < 5--30, S8/S3.6 < 0.3--4),
indicative of a mixture of infrared-warm AGN and cooler starburst dominated
sources. The galaxies showing 850um emission have Spitzer flux densities and
flux density ratios consistent with the range of values expected for
high-redshift (z=1--4) ultraluminous infrared galaxies.Comment: Accepted for Spitzer ApJS Special Edition, 12 pages including 4
figures and 1 tabl
Obscured and unobscured active galactic nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey
Selection of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the infrared allows the
discovery of AGN whose optical emission is extinguished by dust. In this paper,
we use the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey (FLS) to assess what
fraction of AGN with mid-infrared luminosities comparable to quasars are missed
in optical quasar surveys due to dust obscuration. We begin by using the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database to identify 54 quasars within the 4 deg^2
extragalactic FLS. These quasars occupy a distinct region in mid-infrared color
space by virtue of their strong, red, continua. This has allowed us to define a
mid-infrared color criterion for selecting AGN candidates. About 2000 FLS
objects have colors consistent with them being AGN, but most are much fainter
in the mid-infrared than the SDSS quasars, which typically have 8 micron flux
densities, S(8.0), ~1 mJy. We have investigated the properties of the 43
objects with S(8.0) >= 1 mJy satisfying our AGN color selection. This sample
should contain both unobscured quasars, and AGN which are absent from the SDSS
survey due to extinction in the optical. After removing 16 known quasars, three
probable normal quasars, and eight spurious or confused objects from the
initial sample of 43, we are left with 16 objects which are likely to be
obscured quasars or luminous Seyfert-2 galaxies. This suggests the numbers of
obscured and unobscured AGN are similar in samples selected in the mid-infrared
at S(8.0)~1 mJy.Comment: To appear in the ApJS Spitzer Special Issu
Characterization of Extragalactic 24micron Sources in the Spitzer First Look Survey
In this Letter, we present the initial characterization of extragalactic 24um
sources in the Spitzer First Look Survey (FLS) by examining their counterparts
at 8um and R-band. The color-color diagram of 24-to-8 vs. 24-to-0.7um is
populated with 18,734 sources brighter than the 3sigma flux limit of 110uJy,
over an area of 3.7sq.degrees. The 24-to-0.7um colors of these sources span
almost 4 orders of magnitudes, while the 24-to-8um colors distribute at least
over 2 orders of magnitudes. In addition to identifying ~30% of the total
sample with infrared quiescent, mostly low redshift galaxies, we also found
that: (1) 23% of the 24um sources (~1200/sq.degrees) have very red 24-to-8 and
24-to-0.7 colors and are probably infrared luminous starbursts with
L(IR)>3x10^(11)Lsun at z>1. In particular, 13% of the sample (660/sq.degrees)
are 24um detected only, with no detectable emission in either 8um or R-band.
These sources are the candidates for being ULIRGs at z>2. (2) 2% of the sample
(85/sq.degrees) have colors similar to dust reddened AGNs, like Mrk231 at
z~0.6-3. (3) We anticipate that some of these sources with extremely red colors
may be new types of sources, since they can not be modelled with any familiar
type of spectral energy distribution. We find that 17% of the 24um sources have
no detectable optical counterparts brighter than R limit of 25.5mag. Optical
spectroscopy of these optical extremely faint 24um sources would be very
difficult, and mid-infrared spectroscopy from the Spitzer would be critical for
understanding their physical nature (Abridged).Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (Spitzer Special Issue
Invasive fungal infections in patients with acute myeloid leucemia and in those submitted to allogeneic hemopoieticstem cell transplant: who is at highest risk ?
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a growing cause
of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute
myeloid leukemia (AMLs) and in recipients of allogeneic
hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCTs) (1â6).
It is widely debated if either allo-HSCTs or AMLs are to
be considered at higher risk, but no data comparing the
two categories of patients have been reported in
literature so far.
This cohort study has been conducted from January
1999 to December 2003 in hematology wards located
throughout Italy. The study was aimed at evaluating the
incidence and mortality for IFIs in adult AMLs and in
patients submitted to all types of allo-HSCT procedures;
a comparison between the two categories of patients was
carried out
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