Nonsequential Double Ionization with Polarization-gated Pulses

We investigate laser-induced nonsequential double ionization by a polarization-gated laser pulse, constructed employing two counter-rotating circularly polarized few cycle pulses with a time delay $T_{d}$. We address the problem within a classical framework, and mimic the behavior of the quantum-mechanical electronic wave packet by means of an ensemble of classical electron trajectories. These trajectories are initially weighted with the quasi-static tunneling rate, and with suitably chosen distributions for the momentum components parallel and perpendicular to the laser-field polarization, in the temporal region for which it is nearly linearly polarized. We show that, if the time delay $T_{d}$ is of the order of the pulse length, the electron-momentum distributions, as functions of the parallel momentum components, are highly asymmetric and dependent on the carrier-envelope (CE) phase. As this delay is decreased, this asymmetry gradually vanishes. We explain this behavior in terms of the available phase space, the quasi-static tunneling rate and the recollision rate for the first electron, for different sets of trajectories. Our results show that polarization-gating technique may provide an efficient way to study the NSDI dynamics in the single-cycle limit, without employing few-cycle pulses.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Causality and quantum interference in time-delayed laser-induced nonsequential double ionization

We perform a detailed analysis of the importance of causality within the strong-field approximation and the steepest-descent framework for the recollision-excitation with subsequent tunneling ionization (RESI) pathway in laser-induced nonsequential double ionization (NSDI). In this time-delayed pathway, an electron returns to its parent ion and, by recolliding with the core, gives part of its kinetic energy to excite a second electron at a time t′. The second electron then reaches the continuum at a later time t by tunneling ionization. We show that, if t′ and t are complex, the condition that recollision of the first electron occurs before tunnel ionization of the second electron translates into boundary conditions for the steepest-descent contours and thus puts constraints on the saddles to be taken when computing the RESI transition amplitudes. We also show that this generalized causality condition has a dramatic effect on the shapes of the RESI electron momentum distributions for few-cycle laser pulses. Physically, causality determines how the dominant sets of orbits of an electron returning to its parent ion can be combined with the dominant orbits of a second electron tunneling from an excited state. All features encountered are analyzed in terms of such orbits and their quantum interference

Controle genético da reação do feijoeiro comum ao vírus do mosaico dourado.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informações básicas sobre o controle genético da reação do feijoeiro comum ao VMDF que ocorre no Brasil. Foram realizados cinco cruzamentos entre linhagens/cultivares de feijoeiro comum envolvendo sempre um genitor como fonte de tolerância ao VMDF, previamente identificada, e outro, suscetível, como fonte de adaptação, e com características comerciais desejáveis.bitstream/CNPAF/23531/1/bolpesq_15.pd

First transgenic geminivirus-resistant plant in the field.

Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) belongs to the genus Begomovirus, whose genome is composed of two single-stranded DNA molecules, designated DNA-A and DNA-B, both of which are essential for infectivity. BGMV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in a persistent, circulative manner, causing golden mosaic in common bean. This disease is characterized by yellow-green mosaic of leaves, stunted growth and distorted pods, which may vary among genotypes

Enhancement of bichromatic high-harmonic generation with a high-frequency field

Using a high-frequency field superposed to a linearly polarized bichromatic laser field composed by a wave with frequency $\omega$ and a wave with frequency $2\omega$, we show it is possible to enhance the intensity of a group of high harmonics in orders of magnitude. These harmonics have frequencies about 30% higher than the monochromatic-cutoff frequency, and, within the three-step-model framework, correspond to a set of electron trajectories for which tunneling ionization is strongly suppressed. Particular features in the observed enhancement suggest that the high-frequency field provides an additional mechanism for the electron to reach the continuum. This interpretation is supported by a time-frequency analysis of the harmonic yield. The additional high frequency field permits the control of this group of harmonics leaving all other sets of harmonics practically unchanged, which is an advantage over schemes involving only bichromatic fields.Comment: 6 pages RevTex, 5 figures (ps files), Changes in text, figures, references and equations include

Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em áreas revegetadas após a mineração de bauxita.

A contribuição da diversidade dos FMAs para manutenção da diversidade e funcionalidade de ecossistemas naturais tem sido pouco estudada. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade de FMAs em áreas revegetadas em diferentes momentos. Com base na morfologia de esporos 13 espécies distintas foram encontradas, com predomínio de espécies dos gêneros Glomus e Acaulospora. Glomus macrocarpum foi a espécies mais freqüente e abundante e as parcelas das áreas revegetadas nos anos de 1985A1, 1998A1, 2002-1, 2002A1, 2004FP e 2006-1 apresentaram os maiores valores do índice de diversidade Shannon. Não foi observada relação entre o tempo de revegtação e a diversidade de FMAs

Feijão na economia nacional.

Este trabalho apresenta um panorama do agronegócio brasileiro situando o feijão neste segmento da economia nacional. Aborda, além dos aspectos socioeconômicos e técnicos, seus reflexos na produção, comercialização, distribuição e no consumo desta leguminosa.bitstream/CNPAF/19419/1/doc_135.pd