An education and negotiation of differences: the ‘schooling’ experiences of English-speaking Canadian children growing up with polio during the 1940s and 1950s

In this paper we present oral narratives focusing on schooling experiences of Canadians who lived with polio as children between 1940 and 1959. We argue that disabled students with polio received an education about the differences ascribed to them by individuals in authority (teachers, principals), by other young people, and through the dominant negative discourses of polio and normalizing, ableist practices of schooling. Using narrative accounts from participants’ interviews, we analyze their school experiences of difference: inaccessible physical and temporal spaces, bullying at school, exclusion from classes, and negotiating youth culture related to shoes, clothes and friendships. However, participants were not passive and they discussed how, along with families, they negotiated and occasionally defied normalizing processes. This research gives voice to a generation of disabled English-speaking Canadians, whose stories about school have not been heard before

Breaking the rules: Summer camping experiences and the lives of Ontario children growing up with polio in the 1940s and 1950s

This chapter presents an analysis from a critical disability studies history framework developed for a research project. It discusses how the research was conducted using an oral history method and how the analysis was produced. Oral history narratives of individuals living with polio are viewed as the most appropriate and important way to learn about and understand the meaning of polio for Canadians during the time period of 1927–1957. The chapter provides a historical backdrop to describe the development of some Ontario Society for Crippled Children (OSCC) camps, the philosophic basis for the camps, and the intended goals of the camping program. It deconstructs the philosophy of the OSCC, and presents some overarching themes. Each of the themes illustrates an aspect of the ableist dominant view of disability in relation to understandings of disabled children's lives at that time. The chapter introduces the counter narratives of the participants who attended these camps and their everyday lived experiences

V-V Bond-Length Fluctuations in Vox

We report a significantly stronger suppression of the phonon contribution to the thermal conductivity in VOx than can be accounted for by disorder of the 16 % atomic vacancies present in VO. Since the transition from localized to itinerant electronic behavior is first-order and has been shown to be characterized by bond-length fluctuations in several transition-metal oxides with the perovskite structure, we propose that cooperative V-V bond-length fluctuations play a role in VO similar to the M-O bond-length fluctuations in the perovskites. This model is able to account for the strong suppression of the thermal conductivity, the existence of a pseudogap confirmed by thermoelectric power, an anomalously large Debye-Waller factor, the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, and the inability to order atomic vacancies in VO.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

A Super-Integrable Discretization of the Calogero Model

A time-discretization that preserves the super-integrability of the Calogero model is obtained by application of the integrable time-discretization of the harmonic oscillator to the projection method for the Calogero model with continuous time. In particular, the difference equations of motion, which provide an explicit scheme for time-integration, are explicitly presented for the two-body case. Numerical results exhibit that the scheme conserves all the$(=3)$ conserved quantities of the (two-body) Calogero model with a precision of the machine epsilon times the number of iterations.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures. Added references. Corrected typo

Ferromagnetic features on zero-bias conductance peaks in ferromagnet/insulator/superconductor junction

We present a formula for tunneling conductance in ballistic ferromagnet/ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor junctions where the superconducting state has opposite spin pairing symmetry. The formula can involve correctly a ferromagnetism has been induced by effective mass difference between up- and down-spin electrons. Then, this effective mass mismatch ferromagnet and standard Stoner ferromagnet have been employed in this paper. As an application of the formulation, we have studied the tunneling effect for junctions including spin-triplet p-wave superconductor. The conductace spectra show a clear difference between two ferromagnets depending upon the way of normalization of the conductance. Especially, a essential difference is seen in zero-bias conductance peaks reflecting characteristics of each ferromagnets. From obtained results, it will be suggested that the measurements of the tunneling conductance in the junction provide us a useful information about the mechanism of itinerant ferromagnetism in metal.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, references added to the first versio

Playing with Normalcy: A Disability Material Culture Analysis

We recast a toy figure as a cultural agent of various interlocking and hegemonic discourses, and in particular, explore how normative discourses are reflected in material objects. We suggest that the Toy Gymnast represents and reinforces these discourses and therefore influences how children learn that normative bodies are desirable

New results on catalyzed BBN with a long-lived negatively-charged massive particle

It has been proposed that the apparent discrepancies between the inferred primordial abundances of 6Li and 7Li and the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) can be resolved by the existence of a negatively-charged massive unstable supersymmetric particle (X-) during the BBN epoch. Here, we present new BBN calculations with an X- particle utilizing an improved nuclear reaction network including captures of nuclei by the particle, nuclear reactions and beta-decays of normal nuclei and nuclei bound to the X- particles (X-nuclei), and new reaction rates derived from recent rigorous quantum many-body dynamical calculations. We find that this is still a viable model to explain the observed 6Li and 7Li abundances. However, contrary to previous results, neutral X-nuclei cannot significantly affect the BBN light-element abundances. We also show that with the new rates the production of heavier nuclei is suppressed and there is no signature on abundances of nuclei heavier than Be in the X--particle catalyzed BBN model as has been previously proposed. We also consider the version of this model whereby the X- particle decays into the present cold dark matter. We analyze the this paradigm in light of the recent constraints on the dark-matter mass deduced from the possible detected events in the CDMS-II experiment. We conclude that based upon the inferred range for the dark-matter mass, only X- decay via the weak interaction can achieve the desired 7Li destruction while also reproducing the observed 6Li abundance.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Relativistic r-modes in Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars: Numerical Analysis in the Cowling Approximation

We investigate the properties of relativistic $r$-modes of slowly rotating neutron stars by using a relativistic version of the Cowling approximation. In our formalism, we take into account the influence of the Coriolis like force on the stellar oscillations, but ignore the effects of the centrifugal like force. For three neutron star models, we calculated the fundamental $r$-modes with $l'=m=2$ and 3. We found that the oscillation frequency $\bar\sigma$ of the fundamental $r$-mode is in a good approximation given by $\bar\sigma\approx \kappa_0 \Omega$, where $\bar\sigma$ is defined in the corotating frame at the spatial infinity, and $\Omega$ is the angular frequency of rotation of the star. The proportional coefficient $\kappa_0$ is only weakly dependent on $\Omega$, but it strongly depends on the relativistic parameter $GM/c^2R$, where $M$ and $R$ are the mass and the radius of the star. All the fundamental $r$-modes with $l'=m$ computed in this study are discrete modes with distinct regular eigenfunctions, and they all fall in the continuous part of the frequency spectrum associated with Kojima's equation (Kojima 1998). These relativistic $r$-modes are obtained by including the effects of rotation higher than the first order of $\Omega$ so that the buoyant force plays a role, the situation of which is quite similar to that for the Newtonian $r$-modes.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Protocol-based verification of message-passing parallel programs

© 2015 ACM.We present ParTypes, a type-based methodology for the verification of Message Passing Interface (MPI) programs written in the C programming language. The aim is to statically verify programs against protocol specifications, enforcing properties such as fidelity and absence of deadlocks. We develop a protocol language based on a dependent type system for message-passing parallel programs, which includes various communication operators, such as point-to-point messages, broadcast, reduce, array scatter and gather. For the verification of a program against a given protocol, the protocol is first translated into a representation read by VCC, a software verifier for C. We successfully verified several MPI programs in a running time that is independent of the number of processes or other input parameters. This contrasts with alternative techniques, notably model checking and runtime verification, that suffer from the state-explosion problem or that otherwise depend on parameters to the program itself. We experimentally evaluated our approach against state-of-the-art tools for MPI to conclude that our approach offers a scalable solution

Evidence for a colour dependence in the size distribution of main belt asteroids

We present the results of a project to detect small (~1 km) main-belt asteroids with the 3.6 meter Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). We observed in 2 filters (MegaPrime g' and r') in order to compare the results in each band. Owing to the observational cadence we did not observe the same asteroids through each filter and thus do not have true colour information. However strong differences in the size distributions as seen in the two filters point to a colour-dependence at these sizes, perhaps to be expected in this regime where asteroid cohesiveness begins to be dominated by physical strength and composition rather than by gravity. The best fit slopes of the cumulative size distributions (CSDs) in both filters tend towards lower values for smaller asteroids, consistent with the results of previous studies. In addition to this trend, the size distributions seen in the two filters are distinctly different, with steeper slopes in r' than in g'. Breaking our sample up according to semimajor axis, the difference between the filters in the inner belt is found to be somewhat less pronounced than in the middle and outer belt, but the CSD of those asteroids seen in the r' filter is consistently and significantly steeper than in g' throughout. The CSD slopes also show variations with semimajor axis within a given filter, particularly in r'. We conclude that the size distribution of main belt asteroids is likely to be colour dependent at kilometer sizes and that this dependence may vary across the belt.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Astronomical Journa