495 research outputs found

    Probability current in zero-spin relativistic quantum mechanics

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    We show that the antisymmetric spinor tensor representation of spin-0 relativistic quantum mechanics provides a conserved current with positive definite timelike component, interpretable as probability density. The construction runs in complete analogy to the spin-1/2 case, and provides an analogously natural one-particle Hilbert space description for spin 0. Except for the free particle, the obtained formulation proves to be inequivalent to the one based on the Klein--Gordon equation. The second quantized version may lead to new field theoretical interaction terms for zero-spin particles.Comment: 9 pages, no figures; material presented at the Zim\'anyi School, December 7-11, 2015, Budapest, Hungar

    Wave Propagation in Rocks – Investigating the Effect of Rheology

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    Rocks exhibit beyond-Hookean, delayed and damped elastic, behaviour (creep, relaxation etc.). In many cases, the Poynting–Thomson–Zener (PTZ) rheological model proves to describe these phenomena successfully. A forecast of the PTZ model is that the dynamic elasticity coefficients are larger than the static (slow-limit) counterparts. This prediction has recently been confirmed on a large variety of rock types. Correspondingly, according to the model, the speed of wave propagation depends on frequency, the high-frequency limit being larger than the low-frequency limit. This frequency dependence can have a considerable influence on the evaluation of various wave-based measurement methods of rock mechanics. As experience shows, commercial finite element softwares are not able to properly describe wave propagation, even for the Hooke model and simple specimen geometries, the seminal numerical artefacts being instability, dissipation error and dispersion error, respectively. This has motivated research on developing reliable numerical methods, which amalgamate beneficial properties of symplectic schemes, their thermodynamically consistent generalization (including contact geometry), and spacetime aspects. The present work reports on new results obtained by such a numerical scheme, on wave propagation according to the PTZ model, in one space dimension. The simulation outcomes coincide nicely with the theoretically obtained phase velocity prediction

    AMPLIFIER SLEW RATE AND FREQUENCY DEPENDENT GAIN EFFECTS IN SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CIRCUITS

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    The transient behaviour ofthe MOS SC integrators containing a two-stage pole-splitting compensated op amp is analyzed. A nonlinear two-pole op amp model is used in the analysis. Analytical expressions for the SC integrator response and settling time are derived. A design example is given where these results are used to minimize the integrator settling time

    Elastic, thermal expansion, plastic and rheological processes - theory and experiment

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    Rocks are important examples for solid materials where, in various engineering situations, elastic, thermal expansion, rheological/viscoelastic and plastic phenomena each may play a remarkable role. Nonequilibrium continuum thermodynamics provides a consistent way to describe all these aspects in a unified framework. This we present here in a formulation where the kinematic quantities allow arbitrary nonzero initial (e.g., in situ) stresses and such initial configurations which - as a consequence of thermal or remanent stresses - do not satisfy the kinematic compatibility condition. The various characteristic effects accounted by the obtained theory are illustrated via experimental results where loaded solid samples undergo elastic, thermal expansion and plastic deformation and exhibit rheological behaviour. From the experimental data, the rheological coefficients are determined, and the measured temperature changes are also explained by the theory.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in Period. Polytech. Civil En

    VÉGES RUGALMAS ÉS KÉPLÉKENY DEFORMÁCIÓK LEÍRÁSA

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    A szilĂĄrd közegek vĂ©ges rugalmas Ă©s kĂ©plĂ©keny deformĂĄciĂłinak mĂĄig ismert leĂ­rĂĄsai szĂĄmos fizikai szempontbĂłl nem kielĂ©gĂ­tƑek (sƑt, nem elfogadhatĂłak). E tanulsĂĄgokat leszƱrve, jelen Ă­rĂĄs egy olyan tĂĄrgyalĂĄsmĂłdot Ă©pĂ­t ki, amely mentes mindezektƑl a problĂ©mĂĄktĂłl

    Véges rugalmas és képlékeny deformåciók leíråsa

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    A szilĂĄrd közegek vĂ©ges rugalmas Ă©s kĂ©plĂ©keny deformĂĄciĂłinak mĂĄig ismert leĂ­rĂĄsai szĂĄmos fizikai szempontbĂłl nem kielĂ©gĂ­tƑek (sƑt, nem elfogadhatĂłak). E tanulsĂĄgokat leszƱrve, jelen Ă­rĂĄs egy olyan tĂĄrgyalĂĄsmĂłdot Ă©pĂ­t ki, amely mentes mindezektƑl a problĂ©mĂĄktĂłl

    SzilĂĄrdtest-reolĂłgiai idƑfĂŒggĂ©s meghatĂĄrozĂĄsa a Volterra-elv ĂĄltal inspirĂĄlva

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    A Volterra-elv egy olyan mĂłdszer, mellyel egy lineĂĄris reolĂłgiai anyagtörvĂ©nyƱ szilĂĄrd közeg mechanikai folyamatĂĄt egy egyszerƱbb feladat: a megfelelƑ Hooke-rugalmassĂĄgtani problĂ©ma megoldĂĄsĂĄbĂłl szĂĄrmaztathatjuk. A Volterra-elv sajnos korlĂĄtozott Ă©rvĂ©nyessĂ©gi körƱ, pĂ©ldĂĄul idƑfĂŒggƑ peremfeltĂ©telek esetĂ©n – Ă­gy pĂ©ldĂĄul egy alagĂștnyitĂĄs okozta reolĂłgiai idƑfĂŒggĂ©s meghatĂĄrozĂĄsĂĄra – nem alkalmazhatĂł. Ad azonban egy ötletet: a Hooke-ĂĄllandĂłk idƑfĂŒggƑvĂ© tĂ©telĂ©t, mellyel bizonyos idƑfĂŒggƑ peremfeltĂ©telƱ reolĂłgiai problĂ©mĂĄk megoldhatĂłak, amint azt itt kĂ©t alagĂștnyitĂĄsi pĂ©ldĂĄn bemutatjuk. A mĂłdszer ĂĄltalĂĄnosĂ­tĂĄsĂĄval a jövƑben remĂ©lhetƑleg bonyolultabb, csak numerikusan kezelhetƑ Hooke-feladatok reolĂłgiai kiterjesztĂ©sei is megoldhatĂłk lesznek – e törekvĂ©sĂŒnkhöz a motivĂĄciĂłt Marta DoleĆŸalovĂĄ munkĂĄssĂĄga adta

    ÉletĂŒnk egy versengƑ vilĂĄgban: a gyƑzelem Ă©s vesztĂ©s pszicholĂłgiĂĄja

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