Contribution of bending and shear behavior of woven fabrics in the characterization of drape

The drape, bending and shear properties of a group of woven fabrics have been studied along with the effects of fabric structural parameters on these properties. In addition, the influential effect and relative contribution of bending and shear behavior in the determination of drape is also evaluated. The results show that the crossing over firmness factor, which is related to the weave structure and also the weft density, significantly influences the drape, bending and shear behavior of fabrics. With the aid of linear regression analysis of the relationship among drape coefficients, bending and shear modulus, the correlational model for prediction of drape based on bending and shear has also been developed. With regards to this model, it can be claimed that the relative contribution of fabric bending in determination of drape is greater than that of shear

Prediction of Poisson’s ratio of worsted woven fabrics considering fabric extension in various directions

The paper aims to analyse the Poisson’s ratio of woven fabrics in terms of fabric tensile behavior in different directions. In this research, measurement of the Poisson’s ratio of a series of worsted woven fabrics has been carried out through uniaxial extension of the fabrics on the tensile testing machine and tracing the dimensional changes of them during the load application. By the use of the Matlab curve fitting toolbox, the best equation for representing the relationship between the Poisson’s ratio and the tensile load exerted to the fabric is derived. The mentioned function can be utilized for the prediction of the Poisson’s ratio at various levels of load. Due to the non-isotropic behaviour of the woven fabrics, the differences of the Poisson’s ratio obtained in the two main fabric directions (warp and weft) are investigated. Finally, the influence of weave structure and weft density on the Poisson’s ratio of the fabrics is studied. Analysis of the results reveals that the value of the Poisson’s ratio in terms of tensile load follows a similar trend for all the fabrics in both warp and weft directions. The mentioned trend is fitted reliably by a trigonometric function with the correlation factor (R2) of more than 92%. The result of investigating the Poisson’s ratio in two perpendicular directions is found in agreement with the structural changes of the fabric in different directions. Statistical analysis of results confirms that the effect of weave structure and weft density on the Poisson’s ratio is significant at the 95% confidence level.

Measurement of yarn density in woven fabrics using fringe projection moiré techniques

Fringe projection Moiré, a novel, accurate and fast technique with high repeatability, has been developed in order to measure the yarn density in woven fabrics. In the experimental set-up, collimated laser beams illuminate a Ronchi grating to be projected on a fabric. In case the density of projected lines and fabric becomes the same, the desired moiré pattern is observed on the fabric. As a result, the measurement of the distance between grating and fabric can guide us to find out fabric yarn density by using simple equations. In this regard, twenty five groups of shirting woven fabrics consisting of five weave structures and five different weft densities have been tested. The results show that there is a high correlation (R2 =0.9932) between the data obtained from the new and the conventional methods

Modelling of surface roughness based on geometrical parameters of woven fabrics

A novel model has been developed for the surface roughness evaluation of woven fabrics, based on fabric geometrical parameters. The model is developed based on the properties of twenty five groups of woven fabrics consisting of five various weave structures and five different weft densities. The output of the model is validated through a set of subjective roughness pair-comparison tests. The model output is found to be in accordance with the roughness scale value which is obtained from subjective tests, to a reasonable extent. The statistical analysis of roughness results shows that the effect of fabric structural parameters such as weave structure and weft density is significant in the confidence range of 95%. This model can be utilized for the prediction of the roughness behavior of various types of woven fabrics. Bearing in mind the influence of fabric surface roughness on the comfort and aesthetic properties of cloths, the usage of the model is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses

Contribution of bending and shear behavior of woven fabrics in the characterization of drape

145-152The drape, bending and shear properties of a group of woven fabrics have been studied along with the effects of fabric structural parameters on these properties. In addition, the influential effect and relative contribution of bending and shear behavior in the determination of drape is also evaluated. The results show that the crossing over firmness factor, which is related to the weave structure and also the weft density, significantly influences the drape, bending and shear behavior of fabrics. With the aid of linear regression analysis of the relationship among drape coefficients, bending and shear modulus, the correlational model for prediction of drape based on bending and shear has also been developed. With regards to this model, it can be claimed that the relative contribution of fabric bending in determination of drape is greater than that of shear

Influence of seam structural parameters on seam strength under unidirectional and multi-directional load exertions

In the present study, seam failure mechanism has been investigated as a result of fabric exposure to unidirectional and multi-directional loads, considering the seam structural parameters, such as stitch type and length. To this end, three common groups of fabrics, namely worsted, shirting and dress woven, have been examined and the effect of seam properties and its interaction with fabric type is analysed through the measurement of seam’s unidirectional and multi-directional strengths and the seam efficiency. The results show that stitch type and length have a significant effect on the tensile properties of seams. Suitable selection of stitching parameters can enhance the seam performance at unidirectional and multi-directional loadings and improvement of the seam efficiency.

Influence of seam structural parameters on seam strength under unidirectional and multi-directional load exertions

251-259In the present study, seam failure mechanism has been investigated as a result of fabric exposure to unidirectional and multi-directional loads, considering the seam structural parameters, such as stitch type and length. To this end, three common groups of fabrics, namely worsted, shirting and dress woven, have been examined and the effect of seam properties and its interaction with fabric type is analysed through the measurement of seam’s unidirectional and multi-directional strengths and the seam efficiency. The results show that stitch type and length have a significant effect on the tensile properties of seams. Suitable selection of stitching parameters can enhance the seam performance at unidirectional and multi-directional loadings and improvement of the seam efficiency

Prediction of Poisson’s ratio of worsted woven fabrics considering fabric extension in various directions

420-425The paper aims to analyse the Poisson’s ratio of woven fabrics in terms of fabric tensile behavior in different directions. In this research, measurement of the Poisson’s ratio of a series of worsted woven fabrics has been carried out through uniaxial extension of the fabrics on the tensile testing machine and tracing the dimensional changes of them during the load application. By the use of the Matlab curve fitting toolbox, the best equation for representing the relationship between the Poisson’s ratio and the tensile load exerted to the fabric is derived. The mentioned function can be utilized for the prediction of the Poisson’s ratio at various levels of load. Due to the non-isotropic behaviour of the woven fabrics, the differences of the Poisson’s ratio obtained in the two main fabric directions (warp and weft) are investigated. Finally, the influence of weave structure and weft density on the Poisson’s ratio of the fabrics is studied. Analysis of the results reveals that the value of the Poisson’s ratio in terms of tensile load follows a similar trend for all the fabrics in both warp and weft directions. The mentioned trend is fitted reliably by a trigonometric function with the correlation factor (R2) of more than 92%. The result of investigating the Poisson’s ratio in two perpendicular directions is found in agreement with the structural changes of the fabric in different directions. Statistical analysis of results confirms that the effect of weave structure and weft density on the Poisson’s ratio is significant at the 95% confidence level

Modelling of surface roughness based on geometrical parameters of woven fabrics

43-50A novel model has been developed for the surface roughness evaluation of woven fabrics, based on fabric geometrical parameters. The model is developed based on the properties of twenty five groups of woven fabrics consisting of five various weave structures and five different weft densities. The output of the model is validated through a set of subjective roughness pair-comparison tests. The model output is found to be in accordance with the roughness scale value which is obtained from subjective tests, to a reasonable extent. The statistical analysis of roughness results shows that the effect of fabric structural parameters such as weave structure and weft density is significant in the confidence range of 95%. This model can be utilized for the prediction of the roughness behavior of various types of woven fabrics. Bearing in mind the influence of fabric surface roughness on the comfort and aesthetic properties of cloths, the usage of the model is a guide for selecting the suitable fabric for various end uses

Measurement of yarn density in woven fabrics using fringe projection moiré techniques

203-207Fringe projection Moiré, a novel, accurate and fast technique with high repeatability, has been developed in order to measure the yarn density in woven fabrics. In the experimental set-up, collimated laser beams illuminate a Ronchi grating to be projected on a fabric. In case the density of projected lines and fabric becomes the same, the desired moiré pattern is observed on the fabric. As a result, the measurement of the distance between grating and fabric can guide us to find out fabric yarn density by using simple equations. In this regard, twenty five groups of shirting woven fabrics consisting of five weave structures and five different weft densities have been tested. The results show that there is a high correlation (R2 =0.9932) between the data obtained from the new and the conventional methods