Economic Development of African and Asia-Pacific Areas in 1951-99

During the second half of the 20th century Asia as a whole experienced a much higher increase in production by inhabitant than Africa, due to several factors which caused improvements in industrial development and moderation in the rates of population growth. We present a comparison, at area level, of economic growth, education, fertility and production by sector in large areas of Africa and Asia and South-Pacific, analysing the main differences in economic development among these areas during the 20th century, with special reference to the period 1980-99.

Fifty years of Econometrics Research in Spain: Doctoral Dissertations, international publications and other contributions, 1956-2006

This paper presents a first part in English and a second part in Spanish, with a summary of contributions to Econometrics research in Spain for the period 1956-2006. We focus on the contributions by the pioneers and their disciples in universities all over Spain, accordingly to the information available at several registers and particularly to their supervising activities of Doctoral Dissertations, which have been of great importance to increase the level and interest of teaching and research in Spanish Universities. The paper is open to updates as soon as we get more information relevant to this goal. We include a reference to Spanish publications in English or in other languages, particularly focused on Econometrics research. Este trabajo presenta una recopilación novedosa de datos relevantes de la historia de la Econometría en España, con especial referencia a los éxitos logrados en las últimas décadas de dicho siglo veinte y en los primeros años del siglo veintiuno. Está escrito como homenaje a los profesores que fueron pioneros de esta materia en España, a los que la mayoría de los investigadores econométricos debemos gratitud como discípulos directos o indirectos, y a todos los que han contribuido a impulsar el interés y calidad de la docencia y de la investigación econométrica. Presentamos un amplio panorama de las tesis doctorales de esta especialidad leídas en las universidades españolas, agrupadas por su director, y también hacemos referencia a otras publicaciones, destacando la alta posición que la Econometría española ha alcanzado a nivel europeo e internacional.

The QoSxLabel: a quality of service cross layer label

A quality of service cross layer label

Industry and Foreign Trade in India, China and OECD countries: an analysis of causality, 1960-2002

We analyse causality relationships between industry and foreign trade in three major areas of the world economy: India, China and OECD countries for the period 1960-2002, and found that the effect of imports is usually positive and significant to favour industrial and non-industrial development, from a mixed approach to economic growth which has into account demand and supply sides. We use several approaches to causality, including Granger´s bivariate and trivariate tests and analysis of contemporaneous relationships.Foreign Trade, Causality, India, China, OECD

Econometric Models of Agriculture in OECD Countries: Production, Income, and Agrarian Employment in Spain, France, Japan, and the Usa, 1965-99.

We present a general view of agricultural employment in four OECD countries: Spain, France, Japan and the USA during the period 1900-1999 and we analyse the effects of the technological transformation this sector underwent during the period 1965-99, by means of an econometric model for agrarian employment and real valued added. A pooled regression is selected after testing the homogeneity of parameters in the four countries. The conclusions point to the important diminution in relative prices of agriculture as the main explanatory variable which accounts both for employment decrease and stagnation, or decline, in agricultural real income, in spite of high increases in real production. The study of this is important as many developing countries are now facing such a socio-economic transformation. There is a need for a change in order to foster analyses of income, prices and other important variables related with the quality of life both of farmers and consumers.

Towards an unified experimentation framework for protocol engineering

The design and development process of complex systems require an adequate methodology and efficient instrumental support in order to early detect and correct anomalies in the functional and non-functional properties of the solution. In this article, an Unified Experimentation Framework (UEF) providing experimentation facilities at both design and development stages is introduced. This UEF provides a mean to achieve experiment in both simulation mode with UML2 models of the designed protocol and emulation mode using real protocol implementation. A practical use case of the experimentation framework is illustrated in the context of satellite environment

Econometric Models and Causality Relationships Between Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Production in MOROCCO, TUNISIA and other Northern African Countries, 1950-2000

This article presents a general view of economic development in the countries of Magreb, analyzing the impact of manufacturing and imports on economoic growth and cycles, by means of cross correlations, Grangers´s causality analysis and dynamic models: for each country and for a panel of 4 Northern African countries. The analysis shows that these countries have low levels of trade among them and that they could improve their economic development with more industrial production and trade, both among themselves and with other areas as the Mediterranean countries of European Union. The EU agreements with Magreb are focused to foster free trade between North and South Mediterranean. Although this policy could be positive for development is not enough and EU should in our view have a more positive role to foster economic and educational cooperation with those countries in order to increase their income per inhabitant and their levels of employment. The alternative to the lack of cooperation policies could be the increase of disparities with EU and emigration pressures from Northern Africa towards most prosperous countries.Northern Africa, Development of Magreb, Causality and Economic Development, Manufacturing in Africa, Tunisia, Morocco.

Econometric Models of Demand and Supply of Agriculture in Spain, France, Japan and The USA, 1964-99: An Analysis Of Interdependence

We compare two dynamic models for explaining the evolution of Agriculture production and relative prices during the second half of the 20th century in four OECD countries, and we find more support for the recursive system than for the interdependent model. The important increases in production in the USA, promoted by incentives to boost crops, have also influenced the technological diffusion in other countries with similar results of increases in production by territorial unity. This has implied a growth of supply higher than the growth of demand, for a given level of real prices, and thus it has provoked a diminution in this last variable. Agriculture production plays an important role in economic growth, not only through external trade, which favours a diminution of imports and an increase of exports, but also through an increase of production in non-agrarian sectors from demand and supply sides, so we conclude that the sector should continue to receive aids to compensate for the fall in prices and maintain real income from farm and related activities.

Economic growth and cycles: Cross-country models of education, industry and fertility and international comparisons

The aim of this article is to point out the importance of education on a sustained economic development strategy, having into account inter-sector relations and the influence of education in the growth of production per head. Three cross-country models are presented. The first model relates the diminution of excessively high fertility rates with increases in the educative level of population. The second model relates value-added in the services sector with the internal production of industry and agriculture, as well as with foreign trade and changes in population. The third model relates the industrial development with the educative level of population and foreign trade. We analyse, from a worldwide view, the evolution of real Gross Domestic Product (Gdp), Population and Gdp per inhabitant (Gdph). USA, Japan, the European Union, Latin America, Africa, China, India, and other areas of Europe and Asia-Pacific are considered, and the main differences in the levels of Gdph are explained, having into account the results of the cross-country models. The main conclusions highlight the necessity of new international policies for improving the educative level of population in less developed countries. .