CSF coordinates of between-group differences using the ‘New Segment’ approach.

*<p>x, y, z denote coordinates in DARTEL-template space.</p>**<p>FWE corrected for multiple comparisons.</p

CSF volume alterations in melancholic patients observed using the ‘New Segment’ algorithm.

<p><b>Upper row.</b> Left Sylvian fissure CSF increases in melancholic patients. <b>Lower row.</b> CSF volume decreases in spaces surrounding the medial and lateral parietal cortices. Voxels with p<0.001 (uncorrected) are overlaid on the study specific DARTEL template. <i>x</i> and <i>z</i> denote coordinates in DARTEL-template space. The color bar represents t value. R indicates right hemisphere.</p

Tracing of the region of the Sylvian fissure overlaid on three orthogonal projections of a normalized brain.

<p>R indicates right hemisphere.</p

Between-group comparison of mean signal intensity and total volume for left and right Sylvian fissure (ROI analysis).

<p>ml: Milliliters; SD: Standard Deviation.</p

Global CSF and Total Intracranial volume in melancholic patients and healthy controls assessed with the different segmentation algorithms.

<p>ml: Milliliters; SD: Standard Deviation.</p

Clinical characteristics of melancholic patients.

<p>HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (17 items); MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; SSRI, Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors.</p

Self and other body perception in anorexia nervosa: The role of posterior DMN nodes

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), which involves alterations in self- (and other’s) evaluative processes arising during body perception. At a neural level, self-related information is thought to rely on areas of the so-called default mode network (DMN), which, additionally, shows prominent synchronised activity at rest.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Twenty female patients with AN and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when: (a) viewing video clips of their own body and another's body; (b) at rest. Between-group differences within the DMN during task performance were evaluated and further explored for task-related and resting-state-related functional connectivity alterations.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> AN patients showed a hyperactivation of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during their own-body processing but a response failure to another’s body processing at the precuneus and ventral PCC. Increased task-related connectivity was found between dPCC–dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus–mid-temporal cortex. Further, AN patients showed decreased resting-state connectivity between the dPCC and the angular gyrus.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The PCC and the precuneus are suggested as key components of a network supporting self–other-evaluative processes implicated in body distortion, while the existence of DMN alterations at rest might reflect a sustained, task-independent breakdown within this network in AN.</p

Diagram of the Social Judgment Task used in the fMRI session.

<p>Participants received social feedback based on the willingness to be met by other participants. Each facial stimulus (represented in by ovals instead of the originally presented faces) was presented for a total of 8 second-blocks, with an overlapping feedback symbol during the last 6 seconds. Acceptance, rejection or no-feedback (control condition) was indicated by a happy, sad, or neutral draw of a face. Originally presented images were contained in a preexisting face database: Martinez AM, Benavente R. The AR Face Database CVC Tech. Report #24 [Internet]. 1998. Available: <a href="http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~aleix/ARdatabase.html" target="_blank">http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~aleix/ARdatabase.html</a>.</p

Associations between EDI-2 scores and brain activity in AN patients during rejection feedback.

<p>Color bars represents T value. Images are displayed in neurological convention (left is left). Scatter plots represent Pearson's correlations between EDI-2 scores and the extracted mean eigenvalues in each one of the significant clusters. A results table is included, showing peak coordinates of each cluster and their corresponding statistics.</p

Within and between-group brain activations during acceptance and rejection feedback.

<p>Brain hyperactivations (i.e. contrast acceptance/rejection>control condition) are depicted in yellow and deactivations (i.e. contrast acceptance/rejectionAN patients and for the comparison AN patients>controls. Color bars represents T value, only for between-group comparisons. Images are displayed in neurological convention (left is left).</p