UJI RESISTENSI Escherichia coli DARI DAGING AYAM BROILER PADA UPTD RUMAH POTONG UNGGAS DI KABUPATEN BLITAR TERHADAP BEBERAPA ANTIBIOTIKA

Antibiotic resistance is a condition of the influence of anti-infective drugs on bacteria which results in reduced antibiotic work power. This study aims to investigate bacterial resistance E.coli from broiler chicken meat at a poultry slaughter house in Blitar Regency. The first step of this research is to prepare the isolation and identification of E.coli. Preparation of the isolation and identification was confirmed by Buffer Peptone Water 0,1% and Eosine Methylene Blue Agar and continued the IMViC test (Sulfide Indole Motility, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Broth, and Simmons Citrate Agar). E.coli isolates were tested using the test resistance to antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method (with Mueller Hinton Agar) from Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. The result showed that 24 samples positive E.coli from 46 sample. The highest results in the resistance test were 18 out of 24 samples (75%) resistant to Erythomycin. The second most is 12 samples (50%) resistant to Streptomycin. The third largest is 11 samples (45.8%) resistant to Trimethoprim. Eight of the 24 samples (33.3%) were resistant to Ampicillin. Ciprofloxacin showed a total resistance of 8 samples (33.3%) and 6 samples (25%) were resistant to Chloramphenicol. The last two antibiotics that showed the lowest resistance were Tetracycline 4 samples (16.7%) and Cephalotin 3 samples (12.5%). Based on these result, we can conclude that there are E.coli bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics Ampicillin, Cephalotin, Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Trimethoprim and Tetracycline. This makes the use of antibiotics more careful in broiler farms

Studi Morfometrik pada Os Scapula Hewan Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat makroanatomi dan pengukuran morfometrik Os scapula dexter et sinister hewan kelinci New Zealand White. Os scapula hewan ini memiliki tiga tepi dan berbentuk segitiga. Permukaan bagian medial terdapat Fossa subscapularis yang terlihat paling legok. Permukaan lateral terdapat bagian yang menonjol yaitu Spina scapula. Spina ini membagi Fossa supraspinatus yang memiliki luas lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Fossa infraspinatus yang jauh lebih lebar. Batas tepi caudal Os scapula merupakan yang paling tebal dibandingkan dengan kedua batas tepi lainnya. Tepi dorsal atau vertebral sedikit berbelok menuju ujung cranial. Sudut ventral Os scapula terdapat Cavitas glenoidales yang seperti cangkir dan melingkar dalam garis besar. Tuberculum supraglenoidales terlihat berkembang pada hewan ini. Tedapat Processus coracoideus yang berkembang seperti paruh. Indeks scapula (Scapular Index) pada hewan ini yaitu sebesar 50 pada sisi dexter dan 53,73 pada sisi sinister. Rasio lebar antara Fossa supraspinatus dan Fossa infraspinatus pada Os scapula dexter et sinister berturut-turut adalah 1:2,05 dan 1:2,04

Prevalence and profile of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler meat in East Java, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria can avoid the mechanisms of action of antibiotic drugs, resulting in a reduced antibiotic activity. This is dangerous for animals and humans because treatment of infectious diseases can take longer and may even lead to treatment failure. Bacteria in meat can be the cause of meat-borne diseases for consumers. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of Escherichia coli from broiler meat slaughtered in several local government poultry slaughterhouses in East Java. Materials and Methods: The 122 samples studied were from the pectoralis muscle of broilers from local government poultry slaughterhouses. The isolation and identification of E. coli from broiler meat were confirmed using MacConkey agar and eosin methylene blue agar, followed by Gram-staining, and an indole methyl red, Voges–Proskauer, and citrate test. The E. coli isolates were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer method, and the results were interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: The isolation and identification tests for E. coli indicated that 44.26% (54) of the samples were positive for E. coli. The results of the antibiotic resistance tests demonstrated that the resistance, from highest to lowest, was to erythromycin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cephalothin , tetracycline, and chloramphenicol antibiotics with resistance of 66.7%, 61.1%, 59.3%, 35.2%, 33.3%, 27.8 %, 24.1%, and 24.1% respectively. Of the 54 isolates, 32 (59.26%) were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobials. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of E. coli in broiler meat in East Java, Indonesia was 44.26%. These bacteria were resistant to all of the antibiotics that were examined with high to very high resistance levels and are associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR) (59.26%). The presence of E. coli in broiler meat for human consumption can cause meat-borne illness, and the discovery of MDR is a matter of concern in the One Health approach because apart from having an impact on human health as meat consumers, it can also have an impact on animal health and the environment

A Review of the Opportunistic Pathogen Citrobacter Freundii in Piglets Post Weaning : Public Health Importance

The review study will describe clearly related research about Citrobacter freundii in piglet intestines which has been known to play a very important role in animal health and its effects on aspects of public health. Thus, the existence of Citrobacter freundii as a pathogenic opportunistic bacterium as a result of weaning plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of the intestinal microbiota which affects the health and growth performance of pigs in the future. The review discussed the presence of Citrobacter freundii in the intestines of healthy pigs and its presence during the weaning period. The review explains comprehensively related research findings regarding the cytotoxicity of Citrobacter freundii and its resistance to several antimicrobials and provide an overview of recent studies that could help facilitate the design of a new strategy for conducting further research on Citrobacter freundii in pig

A Review of the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Problems on Klebsiella Pneumoniae Acquired from Pigs: Public Health Importance

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Klebseilla pneumoniae is bacteria that is common in the digestive tract and upper respiratory tract of animals and humans. Several studies have shown that this bacterium is not only found in humans but also in animals, one of which is pigs which are known to be a reservoir for the spread of this bacteria. There are several strains, resistant antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes of the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in pigs which were summarized in this article. Not only in pigs, but this antibiotic resistant bacterium is also known to be found in other food-producing animals, such as cows, chickens and sheep. Many cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans have been reported, but cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans related to animals or strains related to animals and humans were also summarized in this article. Control and prevention are needed to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria from animal to animal, animal to human and vice versa as well as to the surrounding environmen

A Review of Salmonellosis on Poultry Farms: Public Health Importance

Salmonella spp. is a bacterial causative agent that can cause salmonellosis in humans and animals. Salmonellosis is categorized as an important zoonotic disease in public health. Infection can be acquired by direct contact and indirect contact with animals. Indirect transmission can occur through contact with the environment around animals or with contaminated objects around poultry farms. Salmonella in humans, which is an infectious disease, has three types of infections, namely typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are caused by S. typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. paratyphi), in contrast, S.typhimurium, S. enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar newport (S. newport), and Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg (S. heildeberg) causes non-typhoid Salmonella infection. The distribution of Salmonella is very widespread and persistent in dry environments but can persist in water for up to several months. In poultry, Salmonella can cause clinical disease or subclinical infection in asymptomatic animals which are often referred to as carriers. Infectious disease control in poultry farms always uses antibiotics. High antibiotic use can lead to increased antibiotic resistance. Raising awareness is critical to limiting the inappropriate use of antibiotic