Avaliação da supressão da vegetação nativa no município de Condor, Rio Grande do Sul

Human interventions in native forest areas, in urban areas and in rural areas are more and more frequent. Taking into account the size of the intervention, the associated environmental impacts may cause great damage to the biotic and abiotic environment. Federal Law N°. 6.938/81, establishing the National Environment Policy, brings as one of its most important instruments, environmental licensing. Among the various types of licensing, there is forest licensing which is the instrument of the State's forest policy, comprising services provided by the competent state or municipal environmental agency. CONSEMA Resolution 372/2018 defines that for local impact activities, the agency responsible for licensing is the municipality. Rio Grande do Sul officially has 804 species of its native flora threatened with extinction. In this way, the importance of identifying which species of flora are suffering the greatest suppression is perceived, considering the forest licensing within the scope of the municipality of Condor-RS, as well as identifying aspects related to the management location (urban or rural), forest replacement proposal, and training of the technicians responsible for the environmental licensing Project. The data were extracted from forest licenses issued by the environmental licensing agency in the municipality of Condor-RS, through research and analysis of forest permits granted in the last 5 years (2015 to 2019). The study demonstrated an intense exploitation of few families, the Fabaceae and Lauraceae families being the most suppressed. The largest number of suppressed owners belongs to the species Araucaria angustifolia.Intervenções humanas sobre áreas de mata nativa, em áreas urbanas e em áreas rurais são cada vez mais frequentes. Levando em conta o tamanho da intervenção, os impactos ambientais associados poderão causar grandes prejuízos ao meio biótico e abiótico. A Lei Federal nº 6.938/81, que estabelece a Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente, traz como um de seus instrumentos mais importantes, o licenciamento ambiental. Dentre os diversos tipos de licenciamentos, há o licenciamento florestal que é o instrumento da política florestal do Estado, compreendendo serviços prestados pelo órgão ambiental estadual ou municipal competente. A Resolução CONSEMA 372/2018 define que para as atividades de impacto local o órgão responsável pelo licenciamento é o município. O Rio Grande do Sul conta oficialmente com 804 espécies da sua flora nativa ameaçadas de extinção. Deste modo percebe-se a importância de identificar quais são as espécies da flora que estão sofrendo maior supressão, considerando o licenciamento florestal no âmbito do município de Condor-RS, assim como identificar aspectos referentes ao local de manejo (urbano ou rural), proposta de reposição florestal, e formação dos responsáveis técnicos responsáveis pelo projeto de licenciamento ambiental. Os dados foram extraídos das licenças florestais emitidas pelo órgão ambiental licenciador do município de Condor-RS, através de pesquisa e análise dos alvarás florestais deferidos nos últimos 5 anos (2015 a 2019). O Estudo demonstrou uma intensa exploração de poucas famílias, sendo as famílias Fabaceae e Lauraceae as mais suprimidas. O maior número de indivíduos suprimidos pertence à espécie Araucaria angustifolia

Diagnóstico da adoção da viticultura de precisão no vale dos vinhedos - Rio Grande do Sul

Na viticultura, o uso das técnicas de agricultura de precisão (AP), nomeado neste caso de viticultura de precisão (VP), é considerado relativamente recente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho buscou realizar o diagnóstico da adoção das ferramentas e técnicas de VP por viticultores da região de Denominação de Origem Vale dos Vinhedos, situada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. A pesquisa realizada foi de caráter exploratório e descritivo, fazendo-se uso de técnicas de análise qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de 21 questionários aos representantes de vinícolas da região. Foram identificados apenas 5 (23,81%) viticultores adotantes de VP, evidenciando a baixa taxa de adoção da tecnologia na região. Dentre as técnicas e ferramentas de VP adotadas na Denominação de Origem Vale dos Vinhedos estão o georreferenciamento das áreas, os mapas de qualidade e produtividade, a aplicação de fertilizantes a taxa variada, a análise georreferenciada do solo, a aplicação de defensivos a taxa variada, a colheita segmentada e o monitoramento georreferenciado de parâmetros de qualidade da uva. Como dificuldades de uso da tecnologia de VP, as principais apontadas foram o alto custo e a dificuldade de operacionalizar as tecnologias, a falta de recursos para implantar o sistema completo e linhas de financiamento, bem como a falta de prestadores de serviço e o custo elevado destes. A baixa taxa de adoção desta tecnologia reflete a incipiente difusão da mesma entre os viticultores da região

Diagnóstico da adoção da viticultura de precisão no vale dos vinhedos - Rio Grande do Sul

Na viticultura, o uso das técnicas de agricultura de precisão (AP), nomeado neste caso de viticultura de precisão (VP), é considerado relativamente recente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho buscou realizar o diagnóstico da adoção das ferramentas e técnicas de VP por viticultores da região de Denominação de Origem Vale dos Vinhedos, situada no estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. A pesquisa realizada foi de caráter exploratório e descritivo, fazendo-se uso de técnicas de análise qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de 21 questionários aos representantes de vinícolas da região. Foram identificados apenas 5 (23,81%) viticultores adotantes de VP, evidenciando a baixa taxa de adoção da tecnologia na região. Dentre as técnicas e ferramentas de VP adotadas na Denominação de Origem Vale dos Vinhedos estão o georreferenciamento das áreas, os mapas de qualidade e produtividade, a aplicação de fertilizantes a taxa variada, a análise georreferenciada do solo, a aplicação de defensivos a taxa variada, a colheita segmentada e o monitoramento georreferenciado de parâmetros de qualidade da uva. Como dificuldades de uso da tecnologia de VP, as principais apontadas foram o alto custo e a dificuldade de operacionalizar as tecnologias, a falta de recursos para implantar o sistema completo e linhas de financiamento, bem como a falta de prestadores de serviço e o custo elevado destes. A baixa taxa de adoção desta tecnologia reflete a incipiente difusão da mesma entre os viticultores da região

Ação fiscalizatória do uso de agrotóxicos em propriedades rurais da Região de Cruz Alta – Rio Grande do Sul

Conforme disposto no Art. 10 da Lei Federal nº 7.802/89, cabe aos estados fiscalizarem o uso, o consumo, o comércio, o armazenamento e o transporte interno de agrotóxicos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar a avaliação da ação fiscalizatória do uso de agrotóxicos e afins e o cumprimento da legislação em propriedades rurais da região delimitada pela Regional de Cruz Alta, RS no âmbito da Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural. Foram analisados os documentos fiscais emitidos pelos Fiscais Estaduais Agropecuários em fiscalização de uso de agrotóxicos e afins pela Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, no período de 2012 a 2018. Os maiores problemas encontrados nas propriedades rurais da região são: a falta de depósito de agrotóxicos exclusivo para este fim; a falta do hábito de guardar os receituários agronômicos, notas fiscais e comprovantes de devolução das embalagens vazias; e a falta de depósito para armazenar as embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos. A infração de maior incidência foi a de manipular, importar, comercializar ou utilizar agrotóxicos e afins não registrados no Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (ilegais e banidos). Diante do panorama exposto, justificam-se ações de orientação e fiscalização, assim como atividades frequentes de educação sanitária nas propriedades rurais da região

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Total Th1/Th2 cytokines profile from peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia syndrome

To evaluate total Th1/Th2 cytokines in CD3+ cells (immunocompetent T-lymphocytes) and peripheral blood lymphocytes, mostly CD4+ (T helper cells) and CD8+ (T-cytotoxic cells) subpopulations in preeclampsia. Total blood leukocytes and lymphocytes counts, percent cells: CD3+, INF-g+/CD3+, IL-4+/CD3+, and IL-10+/CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ were determined by flow-cytometry. Preeclampsia (n= 26) and normal pregnancy (n= 25) participants were age and gestational age matched. CD4+ lymphocytes count was higher in preeclampsia, compared with normal pregnancy (43.6 ± 5.8 vs 37.6 ± 5.6%; P< 0.001). CD3+ cells Th1/Th2 shift was not detected in preeclampsia, yet may be present in other cell types, such as CD4+ and CD3 – lymphocytes

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology