15 research outputs found
First-Principles Study of Fluorescence in Silver Nanoclusters
Mechanisms
of efficient fluorescence from biocompatible, ligand-protected
silver nanoclusters (AgNC) are explored with an atomistic model of
an icosahedral shaped AgNC passivated with 12 cytosine molecules representing
single-stranded DNA. Spin-resolved density-functional theory with
varying constraints to the total charge was used as a simulation probe
to explore the electronic structure and photoluminescence of AgNCs.
Visible photoemission in AgNCs is modeled through a synergy of radiative
and nonradiative photoinduced dynamics computed by a combination of
density matrix and density functional methods with explicit treatment
of spin polarization. The ab initio computed charge-to-total energy
correlation, <i>E</i><sub>tot</sub>(<i>ΔN</i>), of the modeled AgNC shows an approximate 2.2 eV discontinuity
at a charge of <i>ΔN</i> = 5, which correlates with
the DFT calculated band gap and with concept of superatom with closed
shell valence electron count [<i>PNAS</i> <b>2008</b>, <i>105</i>, 9157]. UV photoexcitation of this cationic
model followed by cascade thermalizations toward the band edges is
modeled using Redfield theory, and the corresponding time-integrated
emission is calculated. Peak emission near 610 nm is found, consistent
with experimentally reported PL in AgNCs. This work gives further
insight into the recombination kinetics of AgNC and can be used to
aid in tailoring their optical properties to maximize fluorescence
efficiency and tunability
First-Principles Study of Fluorescence in Silver Nanoclusters
Mechanisms
of efficient fluorescence from biocompatible, ligand-protected
silver nanoclusters (AgNC) are explored with an atomistic model of
an icosahedral shaped AgNC passivated with 12 cytosine molecules representing
single-stranded DNA. Spin-resolved density-functional theory with
varying constraints to the total charge was used as a simulation probe
to explore the electronic structure and photoluminescence of AgNCs.
Visible photoemission in AgNCs is modeled through a synergy of radiative
and nonradiative photoinduced dynamics computed by a combination of
density matrix and density functional methods with explicit treatment
of spin polarization. The ab initio computed charge-to-total energy
correlation, <i>E</i><sub>tot</sub>(<i>ΔN</i>), of the modeled AgNC shows an approximate 2.2 eV discontinuity
at a charge of <i>ΔN</i> = 5, which correlates with
the DFT calculated band gap and with concept of superatom with closed
shell valence electron count [<i>PNAS</i> <b>2008</b>, <i>105</i>, 9157]. UV photoexcitation of this cationic
model followed by cascade thermalizations toward the band edges is
modeled using Redfield theory, and the corresponding time-integrated
emission is calculated. Peak emission near 610 nm is found, consistent
with experimentally reported PL in AgNCs. This work gives further
insight into the recombination kinetics of AgNC and can be used to
aid in tailoring their optical properties to maximize fluorescence
efficiency and tunability
Unraveling Photodimerization of Cyclohexasilane from Molecular Dynamics Studies
Photoinduced
reactions of a pair of cyclohexasilane (CHS) monomers
are explored by time-dependent excited-state molecular dynamics (TDESMD)
calculations. In TDESMD trajectories, one observes vivid reaction
events including dimerization and fragmentation. A general reaction
pathway is identified as (i) ring-opening formation of a dimer, (ii)
rearrangement induced by bond breaking, and (iii) decomposition through
the elimination of small fragments. The identified pathway supports
the chemistry proposed for the fabrication of silicon-based materials
using CHS as a precursor. In addition, we find dimers have smaller
HOMO–LUMO gaps and exhibit a red shift and line-width broadening
in the computed photoluminescence spectra compared with a pair of
CHS monomers
Correction to “Nature of Record Efficiency Fluid-Processed Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunctions”
Correction to “Nature of Record Efficiency
Fluid-Processed Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunctions
Nature of Record Efficiency Fluid-Processed Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunctions
Although there has been significant
recent progress in improving
performance, the precise classification of nanotube–silicon
heterojunctions remains ambiguous. Here, we use type, chirality, and
length-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes to clarify the nature
of these devices. Our junctions are assembled from freestanding nanotube
sheets that show remarkable stability in response to repeated crumpling
and folding during fluid processing, making the films well suited
to flexible platforms. Despite modest ideality factors, the best diodes
meet or exceed state-of-the-art characteristics, but with a surprising
dependence on sample type. The data further suggest that these devices
can be simultaneously categorized as either Schottky or p–n
junctions, and we use scaling arguments to model the behavior over
a broad range of sheet resistance and film thickness in a manner that
highlights the critical role of nanotube midgap states. Our results
demonstrate how band gap engineering can optimize these devices while
emphasizing the important role of the junction morphology
Abrupt Size Partitioning of Multimodal Photoluminescence Relaxation in Monodisperse Silicon Nanocrystals
Intrinsic
constraints on efficient photoluminescence (PL) from
smaller alkene-capped silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) put limits on potential
applications, but the root cause of such effects remains elusive.
Here, plasma-synthesized colloidal SiNCs separated into monodisperse
fractions reveal an abrupt size-dependent partitioning of multilevel
PL relaxation, which we study as a function of temperature. Guided
by theory and simulation, we explore the potential role of resonant
phonon interactions with “minigaps” that emerge in the
electronic density of states (DOS) under strong quantum confinement.
Such higher-order structures can be very sensitive to SiNC surface
chemistry, which we suggest might explain the common implication of
surface effects in both the emergence of multimodal PL relaxation
and the loss of quantum yield with decreasing nanocrystal size. Our
results have potentially profound implications for optimizing the
radiative recombination kinetics and quantum yield of smaller ligand-passivated
SiNCs
Enhancing the Elasticity of Ultrathin Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films with Colloidal Nanocrystals
Thin
bilayers of contrasting nanomaterials are ubiquitous in solution-processed
electronic devices and have potential relevance to a number of applications
in flexible electronics. Motivated by recent mesoscopic simulations
demonstrating synergistic mechanical interactions between thin films
of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and spherical nanocrystal
(NC) inclusions, we use a thin-film wrinkling approach to query the
compressive mechanics of hybrid nanotube/nanocrystal coatings adhered
to soft polymer substrates. Our results show an almost 2-fold enhancement
in the Young modulus of a sufficiently thin SWCNT film associated
with the presence of a thin interpenetrating overlayer of semiconductor
NCs. Mesoscopic distinct-element method simulations further support
the experimental findings by showing that the additional noncovalent
interfaces introduced by nanocrystals enhance the modulus of the SWCNT
network and hinder network wrinkling
Ensemble Brightening and Enhanced Quantum Yield in Size-Purified Silicon Nanocrystals
We report on the quantum yield, photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, and ensemble photoluminescent stability of highly monodisperse plasma-synthesized silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) prepared though density-gradient ultracentrifugation in mixed organic solvents. Improved size uniformity leads to a reduction in PL line width and the emergence of entropic order in dry nanocrystal films. We find excellent agreement with the anticipated trends of quantum confinement in nanocrystalline silicon, with a solution quantum yield that is independent of nanocrystal size for the larger fractions but decreases dramatically with size for the smaller fractions. We also find a significant PL enhancement in films assembled from the fractions, and we use a combination of measurement, simulation, and modeling to link this “brightening” to a temporally enhanced quantum yield arising from SiNC interactions in ordered ensembles of monodisperse nanocrystals. Using an appropriate excitation scheme, we exploit this enhancement to achieve photostable emission
Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence of Size-Purified Silicon Nanocrystals
The photoluminescence (PL) of size-purified
silicon nanocrystals is measured as a function of temperature and
nanoparticle size for pure nanocrystal films and polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) nanocomposites. The temperature dependence of the bandgap is
the same for both sample types, being measurably different from that
of bulk silicon because of quantum confinement. Our results also suggest
weaker interparticle and environmental coupling in the nanocomposites,
with enhanced PL and an unexpected dependence of lifetime on size
for the pure nanocrystal films at low temperatures. We interpret these
results through differences in the low-temperature size dependence
of the ensemble nonradiative equilibrium constants. The response of
the PDMS nanocomposites provides a consistent measure of local temperature
through intensity, lifetime, and wavelength in a polymer-dispersed
morphology suitable for biomedical applications, and we exploit this
to fabricate a small-footprint fiber-optic cryothermometer. A comparison
of the two sample types offers fundamental insight into the photoluminescent
behavior of silicon nanocrystal ensembles