The Effects of Aroma Foot Massage on Blood Pressure and Anxiety in Japanese Community-Dwelling Men and Women: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aroma foot massage on blood pressure, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (QOL) in Japanese community-dwelling men and women using a crossover randomized controlled trial.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Fifty-seven eligible participants (5 men and 52 women) aged 27 to 72 were randomly divided into 2 intervention groups (group A: n = 29; group B: n = 28) to participate in aroma foot massages 12 times during the 4-week intervention period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), heart rate, state anxiety, and health-related QOL were measured at the baseline, 4-week follow-up, and 8-week follow-up. The effects of the aroma foot massage intervention on these factors and the proportion of participants with anxiety were analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model for a crossover design adjusted for participant and period effects. Furthermore, the relationship between the changes in SBP and state anxiety among participants with relieved anxiety was assessed using a linear regression model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Aroma foot massage significantly decreased the mean SBP (<i>p</i> = 0.02), DBP (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and state anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.003) as well as the proportion of participants with anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Although it was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.088), aroma foot massage also increased the score of mental health-related QOL. The change in SBP had a significant and positive correlation with the change in state anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.01) among participants with relieved anxiety.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The self-administered aroma foot massage intervention significantly decreased the mean SBP and DBP as well as the state anxiety score, and tended to increase the mental health-related QOL scores. The results suggest that aroma foot massage may be an easy and effective way to improve mental health and blood pressure.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>University Hospital Medical Information Network <a href="https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&recptno=R000016609&type=summary&language=E" target="_blank">000014260</a></p></div

Flowchart and schedule of trial.

<p>Flowchart and schedule of trial.</p

Proportion of participants with anxiety at baseline, 4-week and 8-week follow-up examination in group A and B.

<p>Proportion of participants with anxiety at baseline, 4-week and 8-week follow-up examination in group A and B.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants.

<p>Baseline characteristics of participants.</p