THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY AND PRENATAL ATTACHMENT IN HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES

Background: Although pregnancy is a physiological process, there are various changes which need to be adapted to. Adaptation and prenatal attachment are important for both the mother’s and baby’s health. These situations are more crucial for women with high-risk pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the relationship between adaptation to pregnancy and prenatal attachment among women with high-risk pregnancy, as well as socio-demographic and obstetric parameters which affected this adaptation. Subjects and methods: This descriptive and analytic study’s data were collected from high-risk pregnant women (n=479) who were receiving treatment at two public hospitals in Turkey using Prenatal Self-Evaluation Form (PSEQ) and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). Descriptive statistics, correlation and comparative analyses were used in data analyses. Results: It was determined that adaptation to pregnancy was medium and prenatal attachment was high in high-risk pregnant (PSEQ mean score:159.43±27.05; PAI mean score: 63.79±10.75). There was a significant negative relationship between the scales (r=-0.556, p<0.01). This relationship showed that as adaptation to pregnancy increased, prenatal attachment also increased. There was significant difference in the PSEQ by age, educational status, employment status, marital status, year of marriage, spouse\u27s educational and employment status, having health insurance, family type, income status, spouse\u27s attitudes towards pregnancy, number of pregnancies, number of births, having living children, whether the pregnancy was planned, pregnancy week and prenatal attachment. Conclusion: According to results, there is relationship between adaptation to pregnancy and prenatal attachment in high-risk pregnancies and some sociodemographic and obstetric factors affects adaptation to pregnancy. Determining these factors can serve as a guide for preventing and reducing additional problems that may be encountered in pregnancy and postpartum period in highrisk pregnant women

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY AND PRENATAL ATTACHMENT IN HIGH-RISK PREGNANCIES

Background: Although pregnancy is a physiological process, there are various changes which need to be adapted to. Adaptation and prenatal attachment are important for both the mother’s and baby’s health. These situations are more crucial for women with high-risk pregnancy. The study aimed to determine the relationship between adaptation to pregnancy and prenatal attachment among women with high-risk pregnancy, as well as socio-demographic and obstetric parameters which affected this adaptation. Subjects and methods: This descriptive and analytic study’s data were collected from high-risk pregnant women (n=479) who were receiving treatment at two public hospitals in Turkey using Prenatal Self-Evaluation Form (PSEQ) and Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). Descriptive statistics, correlation and comparative analyses were used in data analyses. Results: It was determined that adaptation to pregnancy was medium and prenatal attachment was high in high-risk pregnant (PSEQ mean score:159.43±27.05; PAI mean score: 63.79±10.75). There was a significant negative relationship between the scales (r=-0.556, p<0.01). This relationship showed that as adaptation to pregnancy increased, prenatal attachment also increased. There was significant difference in the PSEQ by age, educational status, employment status, marital status, year of marriage, spouse\u27s educational and employment status, having health insurance, family type, income status, spouse\u27s attitudes towards pregnancy, number of pregnancies, number of births, having living children, whether the pregnancy was planned, pregnancy week and prenatal attachment. Conclusion: According to results, there is relationship between adaptation to pregnancy and prenatal attachment in high-risk pregnancies and some sociodemographic and obstetric factors affects adaptation to pregnancy. Determining these factors can serve as a guide for preventing and reducing additional problems that may be encountered in pregnancy and postpartum period in highrisk pregnant women

İnfertil kadınların umut / umutsuzluk durumlarının öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kuramına göre incelenmesi

Fenomenolojik araştırma yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmanın amacı, infertilite tedavisi gören kadınların umut/umutsuzluk durumları ve altında yatan duygu, düşünce ve davranışları derinlemesine görüşmeler ile ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen, 15 Mart 2011-15 Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasında Ege Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Aile Planlaması, Kısırlık (İnfertilite) Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi’ne ikinci IVF tedavisi için başvuran, 15 infertil kadın ile yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler, derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılarak (ortalama 23 dk) yüz yüze yapılmış ve ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiştir. Kayıtlar bilgisayar ortamında yazılı döküm haline getirilmiş, veriler kodlanıp temalara göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve verilerin işlenmesinde Nvivo 8 programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Umut grubunda; Bireysel (Olumlu Gelecek Beklentisi, Psikolojik İyi Olma Hali, Zorluklarla Baş Etme Gücü, Sorunları Çözme, Uyum Sağlama, Olumlu Sonuç Beklentisi, Dini Açıklama, Yaşamın Kontrolünü Kendi Eline Alma, Kadercilik); Sosyal/Çevresel (Sosyal Destek Görme); Umutsuzluk grubunda “Bireysel (Mutsuzluk, Çaresizlik, Endişe, Güçsüzlük, Öfke, Stres, Kıskançlık, Zorluk Yaşama, Sorunları Çözememe, Maddi Olanaksızlık, Yolun Sonunda Hissetme, Hayattan Zevk Almama, Çevreyi Kontrol Etme, İmkansızlık, Olumsuz Sonuç Beklentisi, Olumsuz Gelecek Beklentisi, Yoğun Acı Çekme, Yas tutma, Fizyolojik Yeteneklerde Bozulma, Beden/Benlik Algısında Bozulma, İletişim Yeteneğinde Bozulma)”; “Sosyal/Çevresel (Sosyal Destek Yetersizliği, Sosyal Geri Çekilme, Sosyal Baskı Görme)” ve “Tedavi Süreci (Olumsuz Tedavi Deneyimleri, Tedavinin Uzun Sürmesi, Sonucun Belirsiz Olması)” temaları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada infertilite tedavisi sürecinde kadınların umut ve umutsuzluk arasında değişen duygular yaşadıkları; olumsuz tedavi deneyimlerinin umutsuzluk ve çaresizlik duygularının yaşanmasına yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin infertil bireylerin umut/umutsuzluk duygularını değerlendirmeleri ve bu doğrultuda bakım ve danışmanlık hizmetini vermeleri önerilmektedi

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı Tutumları

Aim: the aim of the study was to determine the attitudes of the university students towards womenrelated honor and associated factors. Material and Methods: This descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted between January and March 2016 among 697 (2,65%) nursing students, who agreed to participate in the research. the data were collected using an individual identification form and the Attitude Scale for Women-Related Conception of Honor. Findings: of the students, the mean age was 20,60±1,33 years, 80,1% were female, 33,1% have lived in the districts for the longest period of their lives. 41,6% of their mothers and 29,7% of their fathers were primary school graduates, 37,6% have two siblings, all family members of 73,0% of the students had a voice and 38.6% of the participants had good family relationships. the mean scale score was 97,75±17,73; the scores on traditional honor concept, gender-egalitarian attitudes and premarital honor concept subscales were 35,18±7,79, 45,90±7,50 and 16,66±5,19, respectively. According to the scoring performed based on the sum of the scale values, it was determined that 88.5% of the students had egalitarian attitudes. It was seen that there was a significant difference between the mean scale score and the gender, the settlement where the participants have lived for the longest period of their lives, mother's and father's educational status, the number of siblings, having a voice within the family and family relationships (p0,01). Conclusion: An egalitarian attitude was seen among the students toward women-related honor, however, the traditional honor conception is also important. It is recommended that this issue should be included in university education and the awareness among young people should be raisedAmaç: Araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin kadına ilişkin namus anlayışı tutumlarını ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan çalışma, Ocak-Mart 2016 tarihleri arasında, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 697 (%2,65) hemşirelik fakültesi öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, birey tanıtım formu ve Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20,60±1,33, %80,1’inin kadın, %33.1’inin en uzun süre ilçede yaşadığı, annelerinin %41.6’sının, babalarının %29.7’sinin ilkokul mezunu, %37,6’sının iki kardeşi olduğu, %73.0’ünün ailesinde herkesin söz sahibi olduğu, %38.6’sının aile ilişkilerinin iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçek puan ortalamalarının 97,75±17,73, alt boyutlardan geleneksel namus 35,18±7,79; eşitlikçi yaklaşım 45,90±7,50; evlilik öncesi namus anlayışı 16,66±5,19 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçek toplamına göre yapılan puanlamaya göre öğrencilerin %88,5’inin eşitlikçi tutuma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçek puan ortalaması ile cinsiyet, en uzun süre yaşanan yer, anne ve baba öğrenim durumu, kardeş sayısı, aile içi söz sahibi olma ve aile ilişkileri arasında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p0,01). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin kadına ilişkin namus tutumlarının eşitlikçi yönünde olduğu, bununla birlikte geleneksel namus anlayışının da önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Üniversite eğitiminde bu konuya yer verilmesi ve gençlerin farkındalığının artırılması önerilmektedi

Determining the Use of Traditional and Complementary Therapies Among Infertile Women

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the use of traditional and complementary therapies by infertile women. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out with 270 infertile women who visited the In-vitro Fertilization Centre of a public hospital in İzmir, Turkey. Scientific ethical committee approval was obtained to conduct the research and permission was obtained from the hospital and the women participating in the research in order to conduct the research. Data were collected via a face-to-face interview in the hospital with a questionnaire developed by researchers. Results: Of the women, 98.9% had knowledge of traditional and complementary therapies and the main source of the information was friends/family (71.2%). The use of traditional and complementary therapies in infertile women is 92.9%. Of the women, 62.1% believed that traditional and complementary therapies would be effective, and 82.3% did not disclose their traditional and complementary therapies use to the health professionals. The most common three traditional and complementary therapies methods in the study were: hip and leg elevation after sexual intercourse; consuming herbs/herbal products; and changes in daily life. Conclusions: The use of traditional and complementary therapies was found to be high in infertile women, and most of the women did not disclose traditional and complementary therapies to health professionals

Symptoms experiences and attitudes towards menstruation among adolescent girls

The study aimed to analyse the factors affecting menstrual symptoms and attitudes among adolescent girls and the relationship between them. The sample of the cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical research was composed of 604 adolescent girls studying at a university. Individual Information Form, Menstruation Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) were used as data collection tool in the research. Average age of the students was 21.22 ± 1.71, and average menstrual cycle length was 29.3 ± 7.85 days. MSQ mean score was 69.84 ± 15.48 and MAQ mean score was 103.10 ± 9.84. These results are important for showing that students perceive menstruation as a natural phenomenon, despite significant menstrual symptoms.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? The intensity of menstrual symptoms is associated with negative menstrual attitudes. But, there have been few studies on the relationship between menstruation symptoms and attitudes and their impact on menstrual problems in Turkish adolescents. What the results of this study add? Adolescents’ menstrual complaints are common, but their attitudes towards menstruation are positive. The lack of a significant relationship between menstrual symptoms and attitudes were more likely to be explained by the fact that young girls perceive menstruation as a natural phenomenon even though they have so many symptoms. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further study should be extended to various cultures and destinations to understand the effect of culture on menstruation that rural areas may be surrounded by taboos and myths which might affect the negative attitude

The Turkish Version of the Infant Feeding Intention Instrument (IFI-T)

Objective: the purpose of this research was to translate the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale (IFI) into Turkish, modify it according to the Turkish cultural state, and detect the reliability and validity of the translated version. Materials and Methods: the research data was collected in the pregnancy polyclinic from 128 healthy pregnant women at a university hospital. A personal information form and a Turkish version of the IFI scale (IFI-T) were used for data collection. Language equivalence, content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity were used in the validation research of the IFI-T Scale. in the reliability research, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item analysis, split-test, and re-test methods were used. the t-test was used for the dependent groups to test the time invariance of the scale. Results: the consistency of specialist opinion on the scale, translated into Turkish and back-translated, was revealed (Kendall W=0.600; p>0.05). the factor loading values resulting from the factor analysis that was directed at the construct validity of the scale were between 0.69 and 0.89 and the items were collected under one factor. the scale total correlation value of all items was over 0.20. in the reliability research, the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.86. the test-retest and split-half test results also supported the reliability of the scales. Conclusion: We found that the IFI-T scale can be used as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the infant feeding intention in pregnant women