Universal Multistream Radial Structures of Cold Dark Matter Halos

Virialized halos of cold dark matter generically exhibit multistream structures of accreted dark matter within an outermost radial caustic known as the splashback radius. By tracking the particle trajectories that accrete onto the halos in cosmological N-body simulations, we count their number of apocenter passages (p) and use them to characterize the multistream structure of dark matter particles. We find that the radial density profile for each stream, classified by the number of apocenter passages, exhibits universal features and can be described by a double power-law function comprising shallow inner slopes and steep outer slopes of indices of −1 and −8, respectively. Surprisingly, these properties hold over a wide range of halo masses. The double power-law feature is persistent when dividing the sample by concentration or accretion rate. The dependence of the characteristic scale and amplitude of the profile on p cannot be replicated by known self-similar solutions, requiring consideration of complexities such as the distribution of angular momentum or mergers

Multi-stream radial structure of cold dark matter haloes from particle trajectories: deep inside splashback radius

By tracking trajectories of dark matter (DM) particles accreting onto haloes in cosmological $N$-body simulations, we investigate the radial phase-space distribution of cold dark matter (CDM) haloes, paying attention to their inner regions deep inside the halo boundary called the splashback radius, where the particles undergo multi-stream flows. Improving the analysis by Sugiura et al., we classify DM particles by the number of apocenter passages, $p$, and count it up to $p=40$ for each halo over a wide mass range. Quantifying the radial density profile for particles having the same value of $p$, we find that it generally exhibits a double-power law feature, whose indices of inner and outer slopes are well-described by $-1$ and $-8$, respectively. Its characteristic scale and density are given as a simple fitting function of $p$, with a weak halo mass dependence. Interestingly, summing up these double-power law profiles beyond $p=40$ reproduces well the total density profile of simulated haloes. The double-power law nature is persistent and generic not only in mass-selected haloes but also in haloes selected in different criteria. Our results are compared with self-similar solutions that describe the stationary and spherical accretion of DM. We find that even when introducing a non-zero angular momentum, none of them explain the radial multi-stream structure. The analysis with particle trajectories tracing back to higher redshifts suggests that the double-power law nature has been established during an early accretion phase and remains stable.Comment: 24 pages, 20 figures. Version consistent with that accepted by MNRA

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VELOCITY OF THE CENTER OF GRAVITY IN RUNNING SINGLE LEG HORIZONTAL JUMP

The purpose of this study was to analyze the transformation of the center of gravity (CG) in the running single leg horizontal jump and to investigate the influence of the forward rotation of the takeoff leg in achieving vertical CG velocity. The subjects were 98 male long jumpers, whose mean best official jump among their recorded trials was 7.16 ± 0.66 m. Their takeoff motion was videotaped with two high-speed cameras. Horizontal CG velocity at touchdown and vertical CG velocity at toe-off had significantly positive correlations with jumping distance; the decrease in horizontal CG velocity during the takeoff phase was significantly and negatively correlated with jumping distance. Forward rotation of the spring-mass model did not contribute to an increase in vertical CG velocity, although it did contribute to an increase in horizontal CG velocity just before toe-off

Multistream radial structure of cold dark matter haloes from particle trajectories: deep inside splashback radius

By tracking trajectories of dark matter (DM) particles accreting on to haloes in cosmological N-body simulations, we investigate the radial phase-space distribution of cold dark matter (CDM) haloes, paying attention to their inner regions deep inside the halo boundary called the splashback radius, where the particles undergo multistream flows. Improving the analysis by Sugiura et al., we classify DM particles by the number of apocentre passages, p, and count it up to p = 40 for each halo over a wide mass range. Quantifying the radial density profile for particles having the same value of p, we find that it generally exhibits a double power-law feature, whose indices of inner and outer slopes are well described by −1 and −8, respectively. Its characteristic scale and density are given as a simple fitting function of p, with a weak halo mass dependence. Interestingly, summing up these double power-law profiles beyond p = 40 reproduces well the total density profile of simulated haloes. The double power-law nature is persistent and generic not only in mass-selected haloes but also in haloes selected in different criteria. Our results are compared with self-similar solutions that describe the stationary and spherical accretion of DM. We find that even when introducing a non-zero angular momentum, none of them explain the radial multistream structure. The analysis with particle trajectories tracing back to higher redshifts suggests that the double power-law nature has been established during an early accretion phase and remains stable

GDNF-inducible zinc finger protein 1 is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that binds to the HOXA10 gene regulatory region

The RET tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are critical regulators of renal and neural development. It has been demonstrated that RET activates a variety of downstream signaling cascades, including the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3-K)/AKT pathways. However, nuclear targets specific to RET-triggered signaling still remain elusive. We have previously identified a novel zinc finger protein, GZF1, whose expression is induced during GDNF/RET signaling and may play a role in renal branching morphogenesis. Here, we report the DNA binding property of GZF1 and its potential target gene. Using the cyclic amplification and selection of targets technique, the consensus DNA sequence to which GZF1 binds was determined. This sequence was found in the 5′ regulatory region of the HOXA10 gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that GZF1 specifically binds to the determined consensus sequence and suppresses transcription of the luciferase gene from the HOXA10 gene regulatory element. These findings thus suggest that GZF1 may regulate the spatial and temporal expression of the HOXA10 gene which plays a role in morphogenesis

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Generator output and static capacitor control considering voltage stability for large penetration of photovoltaic power

Abstract In Japan, the introduction of large capacity of clean energy such as PV (photovoltaic power generation) is planned to reduce environmental burdens. The Japanese government has set the target of 53 GW of PV by 2030. However, large penetration of PV will cause several problems in power systems. One of these problems is that voltage values increase with the amount of PV penetration. Thus, we focus our attention on the upper voltage limit for a large penetration of PV in terms of voltage stability. In this paper, we consider a smart generator output and static capacitor control for the large penetration of PV. For the generator output control we propose to use the optimal power flow in terms of minimizing bus voltage deviations from the prescribed values. Simulations are run using the IEEJ WEST 10-machine O/V system model to confirm the validity of the proposed method

Application of Polysaccharide-Based Chiral HPLC Columns for Separation of Nonenantiomeric Isomeric Mixtures of Organometallic Compounds

A series of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) columns, Daicel Chiralpak IA, IB, and IC, were applied in the separation of the nonenantiomeric isomers of various organometallic compounds and were found to be highly effective in recognizing isomers of minor structural differences. The CSP columns have succeeded to separate the double-bond regioisomers in bridged (η5-formylcyclopentadienyl)manganese(I) dicarbonyl complexes 1a/1b, the structural isomers of methylbutenylferrocene derivatives in 2a/2b and 3a/3b, and the geometrical isomers of the (2-methyl-2-butenyl)ferrocenes in (Z)/(E)-3b. Due to the close similarity of the isomeric compounds in these mixtures, separations of the components are extremely difficult and could not be attained by conventional methods such as silica gel column chromatography, silica gel HPLC, recrystallization, distillation/sublimation, etc. Clearly, the polysaccharide-based CSP columns have unique advantages in separation/purification technology, and this study has shown potential usefulness of the CSP columns in separation of not only enantiomeric but also nonenantiomeric mixtures

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy Generator output and static capacitor control considering voltage stability for large penetration of photovoltaic power

Abstract Keywords: Voltage stability, VMPI, generator output control, static capacitor control, photovoltaic powe