Causes and Clinical features of patients with Hypersplenism: a case study conducted in Ibn Sina and Soba Teaching Hospitals, Khartoum, Sudan.

Objective: The main objectives of this paper are to identify the main causes of hypersplenism in Sudan and also to see how far the splenic size correlates with degree of thrombocytopenia. Methods: it is "a descriptive hospital- based study" in which a total of 100 patients meeting the diagnosis of hypersplenism were studied for a period of 12 months (from January 2003 up to January 2004).Most of these patients were admitted to Khartoum, Soba and Ibn Sina Teaching Hospitals. Patients above 15 years of age were included in the study. The data was collected through a questionnaire containing a detailed medical history, thorough physical examination and detailed laboratory investigations. The Data was analyzed using SPSS program, simple tabulations and frequency distributions were conducted. Results: 100 patients were included in the study, 72% of them were males and 28%were females. 50% patients were due to schistosomal portal hypertension, 6% of them had liver cirrhosis beside periportal fibrosis (PPF), visceral leishmaniasis detected in 30% of patients, tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) in 9%, liver cirrhosis in 6%, and in 5% no cause could be found. The majority of patients had gross splenomegaly. The main presenting symptoms were fever, symptoms of anemia, bleeding tendency and loss of weight. Conclusion: The common causes of hypersplenism in our study are potentially preventable conditions. There was no correlation between splenic size and severity of thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Hypersplenism, Schistosomal portal hypertension, Visceral Lesishmaniasi

Hypersplenism: Review article

Hypersplenism is a condition in which the spleen becomes increasingly active and then rapidly removes the blood cells. It can result from any splenomegaly. It is most common with splenomegaly secondary to portal hypertension and haematological disorders. Portal hypertension is an important cause of splenomegaly in most tropical countries. Although studies on hypersplenism are few, two studies have shown that schistosomal portal hypertension is the commonest cause of hypersplenism, other common causes include hematological disorders, and visceral lesihmaniasis, Tropical splenomegaly syndrome and liver cirrhosis, however there are wide geographical variations in the etiology of hypersplenism. Also the same above papers reported that there was no direct correlation between size of spleen and severity of cytopenia. This article reviews causes, diagnosis and management of hypersplenism but detailed discussion about management of conditions that causes hypersplenism is out of its scope. Keywords: Hypersplenism, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, portal hypertension

Hyper-Reactive Malarial Splenomegaly Syndrome (HMSS)

Abstract Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome (HMSS) is a massive enlargement of the spleen due to an exaggerated immune response to repeated attacks of malaria. Tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) is the most frequent cause of massive tropical splenomegaly in malarious area

EXAMINING THE JOINT PREDICTIVE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED TEACHER ENJOYMENT, ANXIETY, BOREDOM ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH

The current study sought to investigate the link between student-perceived teacher enjoyment (PTE), anxiety (PTA), and boredom (PTB) and students’ attitudes towards the teacher (ATT). Furthermore, how the three teachers’ emotions jointly predict ATT was also examined. A sample of 760 Moroccan university students aged 17–50 years was involved in the study. Statistical analyses showed that PTE and PTB were found to be the significant predictors of students ATT. They contributed uniquely and significantly to the overall model, which explained 21% (R2 = .21) of the variance in the outcome variable (ATT). As such, PTA, unexpectedly, offered nothing uniquely in terms of predicting students’ ATT. Students were found to show a strong preference for teachers who feel a sense of enjoyment over those who experience anxiety and boredom. Theoretical and practical implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.  Article visualizations

A Comparative Study of the Microleakage of Resilon/Epiphany and Gutta-Percha/AH-Plus Obturating Systems

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the apical sealing ability of Resilon/Epiphany-filled root canals with those that were obturated with gutta-percha/AH-Plus endodontic sealer. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected; 25 teeth for each test group and five for each control group. After conducting conventional endodontic treatment, the teeth were immersed in physiologic saline solution for thirty days, and subsequently sealed and stored in methylene blue dye solution for seven days. The teeth were sectioned to evaluate the linear apical leakage using a stereoscopic microscope. The data were statistically analyzed by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The results showed significant differences between the two groups of endodontic sealers (P<0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present in vitro study, Resilon/Epiphany sealer had better apical sealing ability than gutta-percha/AH-Plus sealer

The Nexus between Industrial Exports and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in Tunisia. In order to achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1969 and 2015 were tested using the Johansen co-integration analysis of Vector Error Correction Model and the Granger-Causality tests. According to the result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the long run. Otherwise, and on the basis of the results of the Granger causality test, we noted the absence of a causal relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the short term. These results provide evidence that industrial exports, thus, are not seen as the source of economic growth in Tunisia and suffer a lot of problems and poor economic strategy

The Nexus between Industrial Exports and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in Tunisia. In order to achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1969 and 2015 were tested using the Johansen co-integration analysis of VECM and the Granger-Causality tests. According to the result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the long run term. Otherwise, and on the basis of the results of the Granger causality test, we noted the absence of a causal relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the short term. These results provide evidence that industrial exports, thus, are not seen as the source of economic growth in Tunisia and suffer a lot of problems and poor economic strategy

The Impact of Domestic Investment in the Industrial Sector on Economic Growth with Partial Openness: Evidence from Tunisia

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial domestic investment and economic growth in Tunisia. In order to achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1969 and 2015 were tested using the Johansen co-integration analysis of VECM and the Granger-Causality tests. According to the result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between industrial domestic investment and economic growth in the long run term. Otherwise, and on the basis of the results of the Granger causality test, we noted a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth to industrial domestic investment in the short term. These results provide evidence that domestic investment in industrial sector, thus, are not seen as the source of economic growth in Tunisia during this large period and suffer a lot of problems and poor economic strategy

The Nexus between Industrial Exports and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in Tunisia. In order to achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1969 and 2015 were tested using the Johansen co-integration analysis of VECM and the Granger-Causality tests. According to the result of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the long run term. Otherwise, and on the basis of the results of the Granger causality test, we noted the absence of a causal relationship between industrial exports and economic growth in the short term. These results provide evidence that industrial exports, thus, are not seen as the source of economic growth in Tunisia and suffer a lot of problems and poor economic strategy