Association between markers of glucose metabolism and the presence of glaucoma^*

<p>*Conducted in people not taking diabetes medications.</p>†<p>Adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity.</p>‡<p>Further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and BMI.</p><p>Association between markers of glucose metabolism and the presence of glaucoma^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt112" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Odds ratio and 95% CIs for the presence of glaucoma.

†<p>Adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity.</p>‡<p>Further adjusted for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and BMI.</p><p>*Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or taking diabetic medications.Pre-diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%, or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.</p>§<p>Diabetes defined as self-report, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or HbA1c ≥5.7% to <6.5%.</p>†<p>Diabetes defined as self-report, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or taking diabetic medications. Pre-diabetes defined as self-report or fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL to <126 mg/dL.</p>||<p>Values are based on the subsample of participants not taking insulin or medication for diabetes.</p><p>Odds ratio and 95% CIs for the presence of glaucoma.</p

Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^*

<p>*Data are percentages or means (SEs).</p>†<p>P value for homogeneity of means or proportions comparing participants with to those without glaucoma.</p><p>Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities by glaucoma status.^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0112460#nt104" target="_blank">*</a>}</p

Effect of selenium supplementation on changes in plasma adiponectin and selenium concentrations after six months^*

*<p>Results were obtained from linear mixed models on log-transformed adiponectin levels (and untransformed selenium levels) with fixed treatment-by-time interactions and random between-subject variations in both baseline levels (intercepts) and longitudinal changes over time (slopes).</p>†<p><i>P</i> values comparing the ratio of geometric mean adiponectin levels (and the change in arithmetic mean selenium levels) at six months to baseline in each active treatment group to placebo, as obtained from Wald tests for each treatment-by-time interaction coefficient in linear mixed models.</p>‡<p>Overall <i>P</i> value comparing the three active treatment groups to placebo, as obtained from the joint Wald test for all treatment-by-time interaction coefficients in linear mixed models.</p

Cross-sectional association between plasma selenium and adiponectin concentrations at baseline^*

*<p>Results were obtained from linear regression models of log-transformed adiponectin levels on selenium levels using only cross-sectional data from the</p><p>baseline visit.</p>†<p>Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous), sex, and study center (Bungay, Guisborough, Bromsgrove, or Linthorpe).</p>‡<p>Model 2 further adjusted for smoking status (never, former, or current), drinking habits (never, former, or current), body mass index (continuous), and waist circumference (continuous).</p>§<p>Model 3 further adjusted for total cholesterol level (continuous), HDL cholesterol level (continuous), use of lipid lowering medications, and use of diabetes medications.</p><p>∥<i>P</i> values for linear trend were obtained from Wald tests for the coefficient of an ordinal variable with the median baseline selenium level of each quartile in linear regression models.</p

Age, race/ethnicity, RR-interval adjusted means (95% CI) of heart rate, PRrra interval, QRS duration, QTrra and JTrra interval by categories of T4 and TSH (p-L denotes p-value for linear trend, and p-Q denotes p-value for quadratic trend).

<p>Age, race/ethnicity, RR-interval adjusted means (95% CI) of heart rate, PRrra interval, QRS duration, QTrra and JTrra interval by categories of T4 and TSH (p-L denotes p-value for linear trend, and p-Q denotes p-value for quadratic trend).</p

Percentiles and cut-offs of T4 and TSH distribution.

<p>Percentiles and cut-offs of T4 and TSH distribution.</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants.

<p>Values are means (SD) or percentages unless otherwise noted.</p>*<p>. PRrra, QTrra, JTrra: RR-interval, race-, and age corrected PR, QT, and JT intervals.</p

Descriptive baseline characteristics overall and by treatment group^*

*<p>Data are means (SDs) or numbers (%) in participants with at least one adiponectin measurement available either at baseline or at six months.</p>†<p><i>P</i> values for homogeneity of means or proportions across the four treatment groups, as obtained from one-way analysis-of-variance <i>F</i> tests for continuous variables and Pearson’s chi-squared tests for categorical variables.</p><p>HDL, high-density lipoprotein.</p

Multivariate adjusted means (95% CI) of heart rate, PRrra interval, QRS duration, QTrra and JTrra interval by categories of T4 and TSH (p-L denotes p-value for linear trend, and p-Q denotes p-value for quadratic trend).

<p>Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican-American, and other), RR-interval splines (except for the models of heart rate), BMI, smoking (current, former, and never), alcohol consumption (<12, ≥12 drinks in the past year), systolic blood pressure, blood pressure lowing medication, total and HDL cholesterol, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, history of congestive heart failure, use of QT-prolonging medications, and creatinine-based eGFR.</p