Effect of Industrial Bleach Wash and Softening on the Physical, Mechanical and Color Properties of Denim Garments

<p>Garments washing is a novel process to impart worn-out look, to modify the appearance and to<br>improve the comfort ability of the garments. Bleach wash is used to fade the color of denim in a higher degree<br>as well as bleach wash has effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the denim also. This paper<br>presents the impact of bleach wash and subsequent softening treatment on 100% cotton denim dyed with indigo<br>dye. Garments were washed using a bleach concentration of 10 g/l for 30 minutes in 50oC temperature and then<br>softened using standard recipe. The physical, mechanical and color properties were analyzed in before wash,<br>after desizing, after bleaching and after softening. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile<br>strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color fading. Bleach washed and<br>softened garments exhibit a great difference in the physical, mechanical and color properties than the unwashed<br>garments.</p> <p> </p

Effect of Hardness of Water on Fixation and Total Wash off Percentage of Reactive Dyes When Applied to Cellulosic Fiber

<p>Dye-house water quality is the most important parameter to be confirmed before dyeing; precisely the presence of metal<br>content i.e. Hardness. This research will investigate & analyses the impact of separate hardness (i.e. Calcium, Magnesium & Iron) on<br>particular „Turquoise‟ (C.I. Reactive Blue 21) & a „High Exhaustion‟ class (C.I. HE Red 120, C.I. HE Yellow 84) of Reactive dye on<br>cotton knitted-fabric. From evaluation of dyed fabric the range of metal content is sorted out where the quality starts to fluctuate as<br>distinctive visible & spectral change of shade & fixation rate of the dye molecules has been found. The result of the work will help for<br>further projection about water quality degradation in upcoming years & its effect on dyeing behavior, also the sustainability of present<br>dyeing process to cope with the ever degrading quality of water.</p> <p> </p

Effect of Enzyme Washing Combined With Pumice Stone on the Physical, Mechanical and Color Properties of Denim Garments

<p>Garments washing is being used as a novel process to modify the appearance, to impart worn-out look and to improve the comfort ability of the garments, especially denim garments. Enzyme washing of denim garments helps in bio- polishing and to fade the color of the denim to a desired degree depending on the processing time and conditions. Adding pumice stone with the enzyme extends the degree of fading and adds special effect in the multi ply areas like different seams and hems. This paper presents the impact of enzymepumice stone combined treatment on 100% cotton denim. Garments were washed using an enzyme concentration of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l for 40 minutes in 55°C temperature with addition of 0.5 owg (On the weight of garments) pumice stone. The physical and mechanical properties of the treated denims were analyzed using standard test methods. The properties that were analyzed include hand feel, tensile strength, seam strength, fabric weight, stiffness, dimensional stability and color shade. Enzyme- stone washed garments exhibit a great difference in the physical and mechanical properties than the unwashed garments.</p> <p> </p

Investigation on Simultaneous Effect of KMnO4 Concentration and Processing Time on Tensile Strength, Weight and Stiffness of Denim Jeans During Acid Washing with Pumice Stone

<p>This present investigation deals with the effect of processing time and concentration of potassium permanganate on tensile strength, weight and stiffness of denim garments. Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing time (1.5, 2 & 2.5 minutes) and concentration (1.5, 2& 2.5g/l) of potassium permanganate after typical enzyme bleach wash. Tensile Strength, Weight and Stiffness (bending length) were investigated before and after each treatment (concentration and respective time) according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference of these properties between treated and untreated garments.</p

Sustainable and Ecological Finishing Technology for Denim Jeans

<p>Denim Jeans finishing is an important operation for value addition of the final products in the apparel business. There are numerous operations exist for fulfilling of this treatment. This paper deals with the recent developments of the sustainable, environment friendly and emerging industrial approaches (Laser, Ozone and Water Jet) for the finishing treatments of the denim jeans. It is observed that finishing with laser and ozone is a reduced water treatment while water jet fading system though consumes water but assembling of water recycling system makes it ecological and economic. The adoption of these finishing technologies has brought about a radical transformation in the garment finishing industry, which is changing from an artisanal, labor intensive industry towards an industry based on knowledge and technology that feels more responsible for the environment and for workers.</p

Effect of Stitch Length on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single Jersey Cotton Knitted Fabric

<p>The physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabric can be changed due to use of various count of yarn, type of yarn<br>(ring, rotor, and compact), quality of yarn, stitch length / loop length, structural geometry, fiber composition of yarn etc. This study<br>focused on the various stitch length effect of grey single jersey. With an increase in stitch length, the dimensional properties like CPI,<br>WPI, GSM, thickness & tightness factor will be decreased for all the structures; while comfort properties like air permeability & water<br>absorbency will be increased. Again shrinkage & spirality will be decreased with increased stitch length at grey stage. Other properties<br>such as bursting strength, abrasion resistance & pilling resistance improved with increased stitch length. Though all the tests for fabric<br>properties were carried out for grey stage, there properties can considerably vary after further finishing of the fabrics. As finishing is<br>mandatory for fabric production, so now-a-days, these kinds of tests are carried out after finishing stage & proper controlling is done<br>according to desired quality. Sometimes, controlling of some properties of finished fabrics are beyond our trial. In that case, analysis of<br>fabric properties at grey stage can help us to take various control & corrective actions when necessary.</p> <p> </p

A Technical Overview on Protective Clothing against Chemical Hazards

<p>Protection against harmful chemical materials is compulsory in many aspects of everyday life. Proper and adequate protective clothing is desirable during household chores and in industrial, agricultural, and medical work, during military operations; and in response to incidents of terrorism. Different types of materials and garment designs are used in these clothing items, and protection levels vary considerably. Selections must be made as to which items of protective clothing to select for a given situation or environment. Variables to be considered include weight, comfort, level of protection, and the duration of protection required. In addition, the nature of the challenges to be encountered is also of significant concern. Due to the huge number of variables involved, numerous levels and types of chemical protective clothing systems has been technologically developed.</p

Comparative Study Among Different Dyeing Methods of Polyester Fabric With Disperse Dyes

<p>Comparative Study Among Different Dyeing Methods of Polyester Fabric With Disperse Dyes</p

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Treatment on the Properties of 100% Cotton Knitted Fabric

<p>Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a white, water insoluble pigment. It is used in paints, plastics, foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its main application on textile materials as an ultraviolet ray protecting agents. Titanium dioxide can reflect, scatter or absorb ultraviolet ray. Besides Titanium dioxide also modify the properties of fabrics. In previous research, titanium dioxide was applied mainly by padding mangle method. This paper presents an approach to observe the effect of titanium dioxide treatment 100% cotton knitted (plain jersey) fabric applied by exhaustion method followed by curing and washing. The treated fabrics were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the tensile strength, pH value and absorbency of the treated and untreated fabrics were checked. It is found that titanium dioxide impairs the better hand feel and absorbency (wetting time) of all treated fabrics increased gradually than untreated fabrics. The treatment increases the strength and keeps the pH of the fabric in acidic medium.</p

Investigation of Different Washing Effects on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Knitted Garments

<p>This paper deals with three types of washing (enzyme, softener, Silicone) effects on 100% cotton Single Jersey T-shirt, Slub Single Jersey T-shirt, Double Lacoste (5% Lycra) Polo shirt, Single jersey CVC (T-shirt) and PC single Jersey (T-shirt). Typical industrial washing procedures and techniques were followed and then physico-mechanical properties were analyzed under standard condition. It is observed that after washing, weight of each garments has increased from 5% to 36%; stitch length of the constituted fabric has decreased from 1% to 10% approximately; CPI has increased 23% for CVC fabric only for enzyme treatment and for other process it has a little bit or no wash effects. Same effects found for WPI except 100% cotton and Double Lacoste. Shrinkage property both for lengthwise and widthwise remains the same except CVC and Double Lacoste knitted garments and spirality has almost unchanged except 100% cotton and slub fabric. Both the dry and wet rubbing properties have improved after any types of wash except 100% cotton on Silicone wash. Water absorbency property has increased; pH of all the samples is under controlled and lies between 4.5 and 5.0. But there is no significant change of colorfastness to wash and stain after these washing treatments.</p