Effect of Conjunctive Use of Water for Paddy Field Irrigation on Groundwater Budget in an Alluvial Fan

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): A. Elhassan, A. Goto, and M. Mizutani. Effect of Conjunctive Use of Water for Paddy Field Irrigation on Groundwater Budget in an Alluvial Fan. Vol. V. December 2003

Response of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) to seed rate and inter-row spacing, Gezira State, Sudan

    Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15) at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan under irrigation condition. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Treatments were arranged in a factorial combination of four inter-row spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) and five seed rates (59, 71, 83, 95 and 107 kg/ha). Data collected consisted of growth attributes, grain yield and yield components. Data collected were subjected to standard analysis of variance procedure. The results showed that seed rate, inter-row spacing and their interaction exhibited highly significant differences in grain yield and yield components. The highest grain yield was obtained by the seed rate of 95 kg/ha and 15 cm inter-row spacing in both seasons and the combined analysis. To obtain high grain yield of aerobic rice under Gezira conditions, 95 kg/ha seed rate and inter-row spacing of 15 cm is recommended to be used

Malaria and pre-eclampsia in an area with unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Placental malaria and pre-eclampsia occur frequently in women in tropics and are leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortality. Few data exist concerning the interaction between placental malaria and pre-eclampsia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case control study was conducted in Medani Hospital, which locates in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Central Sudan. Case (N = 143) were women with pre-eclampsia, which was defined as systolic blood presure≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg and proteinuria. Controls were parturient women (N = 143) without any blood pressure values > 139/89 mm Hg or proteinuria. Obstetrical and medical characteristics were gathered from both groups through structured questionnaires. Placental histopathology examinations for malaria were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-eight (19.6%) vs. 16 (11.2%); <it>P </it>= 0.04 of the cases vs. controls, had placental malaria infections. Five (2%), 1 (2%) and 22 (28.0%) vs. 1, 2 and 13 of the placentae showed acute, chronic and past infection on histopathology examination in the two groups respectively, while 115 (80.4%) vs.127 (88.8%) of them showed no infection, <it>P </it>= 0.04. In multivariate analysis, while there were no associations between age, parity, educational level, lack of antenatal care, blood groups and body mass index and pre-eclampsia; family history of hypertension and placental malaria (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-5.2; <it>P </it>= 0.04) were significantly associated with pre-eclampsia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Placental malaria was associated with pre-eclampsia. Further research is needed.</p

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MATERNAL MORTALITY AND POOR PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF SUDAN

Background: Both maternal mortality and poor perinatal outcomes (mainly; low birth weight, stillbirth and perinatal mortality) are health as well as obstetrics indicators. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate epidemiology of maternal mortality and poor perinatal outcomes in the different regions of Sudan. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology of maternal mortality and poor perinatal outcomes in the different regions of Sudan. Methods: Various cross- sectional, case -control, and Cohort studies were conducted during the last 7 years. Results:&nbsp; Maternal mortality was ranged 442 (146/33034)-640 (63/9841) / 100000 birth in the different regions of Sudan, most of these were due to communicable diseases. Low birth weight was reported in 15.3% (80/524), 12.5% (260/2076), 12.6% (97/1224), 14.9% (64/430) 12.6% in New Halfa, Khartoum, Medani and Elfashir, respectively. Anaemia was risk factors for low birth weight in Elfashir and in Medani; it was risk factor for fetal anaemia in New Halfa and risk factor for stillbirth in Kassala. There were 21 (206/9841), 29 (981/34015), 35(46/1293)/ 1000 stillbirths and 33(44/1342)/1000 in Elfashir, Medani, Khartoum respectively and Kassala, respectively. There was 9.2% (46/500) perinatal death in New Halfa. Conclusion: More effort should be paid to reduce the high maternal and perinatal mortality. More care should be toward nutrition, malaria prevention and other communicable disease

Use of Combined Economic Threshold Level to Control Insect Pests

The economic threshold level (ETL) is a key factor to be studied for insect pests control. It is difficult to monitor cotton insect pests separately, and it is not reasonable to base decision-making for spraying on an ETL of individual insects and ignore sub-levels of other cotton insect pests. So, we want to use a combined ETL in a way of insect units, to put all major insect pests to consideration as an insect pests‘ complex. This means delaying the first spray to give a chance for natural enemies to develop and then lower the number of sprays and consequently reduce the cost of production

Overall Migration of the High Density Polyethylene in Bags used for carrying Hot Breads in the Traditional Bakeries

The main objective of this study to identify the effects of the temperature for the high density polyethylene (HDPE) used for carrying hot breads in the traditional bakeries (17 bakeries). From the results of the experimental analysis we found plastic components migration from the three types of the HDPE in the both simulants, distilled water and 3% of Acetic acid, at 70ᵒC and 100ᵒC of temperature. The obtained results concerning types A, B and C plastic bags in the distilled water simulant at 70ᵒC were 0.40, 0.90 and 2.60, thus at 100ᵒC were 0.60, 1.10 and 2.90 respectively .On the other hand, the obtained data for 3% of acetic acid at 70ᵒC were 0.80, 29.90 and 59.20, also at 100ᵒC were 0.90, 54.60 and 116 respectively. If we compared the obtained results between the two simulants we could mention that, there is significant relationship. We could confirm that there are significant relationships between the distilled water simulant and the 3% of Acetic acid simulant at both temperatures (70 and 100 ᵒC). The big deferent between A, B and C bags in the 3% of acetic acid concern the color of the bags

Optimizing Wireless Networks with Deep Unfolding: Comparative Study on Two Deep Unfolding Mechanisms

In this work, we conduct a comparative study on two deep unfolding mechanisms to efficiently perform power control in the next generation wireless networks. The power control problem is formulated as energy efficiency over multiple interference links. The problem is nonconvex. We employ fractional programming transformation to design two solutions for the problem. The first solution is a numerical solution while the second solution is a closed-form solution. Based on the first solution, we design a semi-unfolding deep learning model where we combine the domain knowledge of the wireless communications and the recent advances in the data-driven deep learning. Moreover, on the highlights of the closed-form solution, fully deep unfolded deep learning model is designed in which we fully leveraged the expressive closed-form power control solution and deep learning advances. In the simulation results, we compare the performance of the proposed deep learning models and the iterative solutions in terms of accuracy and inference speed to show their suitability for the real-time application in next generation networks.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure