Remodelação miocárdia e função ventricular em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos observados durante o envelhecimento

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma das principais causas de hipertrofia ventricular. Dados clínicos e experimentais mostram que a hipertrofia ventricular é fator independente de risco cardiovascular associado à maior morbidade. Isto se deve à remodelação cardíaca em resposta a sobrecarga de pressão. Na remodelação cardíaca é observada a hipertrofia ventricular, alteração na matriz extracelular evidenciada por aumento no colágeno intersticial, alteração nos vasos arteriais caracterizada por hipertrofia da camada média da parede vascular e alteração na geometria ventricular. A remodelação ventricular é a causa de disfunção cardíaca que culmina no surgimento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Considerando-se que a hipertensão arterial é importante causa de comprometimento cardiovascular, assim como o envelhecimento é fator que pode levar à insuficiência cardíaca, a nossa hipótese de trabalho é de que a hipertensão arterial é fator aditivo ao envelhecimento para a remodelação cardíaca e disfunção ventricular. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a função cardíaca e a homeostase do cálcio em ratos hipertensos durante o envelhecimento. Foram estudados ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e ratos controles não hipertensos (WKY) com idade de 30 semanas (SHR30, n=09 e WKY30, n=10), 45 semanas (n=7) e SHR 45 (n=8), 60 semanas WKY60 (n=8) e SHR 60 (n=11) e 90 semanas WKY90 (n=10) e SRH 90 (n=17). A função cardíaca foi avaliada por meio de coração isolado pela técnica de Langerdorff e a seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: V0 – volume do coração para pressão diastólica de 0mmHg, VE/V0 – relação entre peso do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) e V0 como índices de geometria ventricular.The hypertension is a major cause of ventricular hypertrophy. Clinical and experimental data showed that ventricular hypertrophy is independent factor for cardiovascular risk associated with higher morbidity. This is due to cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Ventricular hypertrophy increase interstitial collagen, vascular media layer hypertrophy of wall and change in ventricular geometry is observed in cardiac remodeling. The ventricular remodeling is the cause of cardiac dysfunction that culminates in congestive heart failure. Considering that hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and the aging is factor that can lead to heart failure, we hypothesized that hypertension and aging have an additive efect on cardiac remodeling and ventricular dysfunction. The objective was to assess the ventricular function and mesure the mRNA of protein evolued calcium homeostasis in hypertensive rats during aging. We studied spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and non hypertensive controls rats (WKY) aged 30 weeks (SHR30, n = 09 in WKY30, n = 10), 45 weeks (n = 7) and SHR 45 (n = 8) , 60 weeks WKY60 (n = 8) and SHR 60 (n = 11) and 90 weeks WKY90 (n = 10) and SRH 90 (n = 17). Cardiac function was studied in isolated beating heart according to Langerdorff technique and the following variables were considered: V0 - volume of the heart to diastolic pressure of 0mmHg, VE/V0 - relationship between the left ventricle weight (LV) and V0 as an index of ventricular geometry. The systolic function was evaluated by; + dp/dt, systolic pressure-volume relationship (RPVsist) and systolic stressstrain relationship (R-SSist). The diastolic function was examined by:- dp/dt, ventricular compliance ( V20), measured as diastolic volume necessary to increases diastolic pressure from 0 to 20mmHG and passive stiffness (Stress20), mesured as stress corresponding to strain 20%.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Estudo comparativo entre as esferas de silicone gelatinosas e rígidas em cavidade eviscerada de coelho

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a biocompatibilidade de esferas de silicone gelatinosas e rígidas em cavidades evisceradas de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Trinta coelhos tiveram o olho direito eviscerado com implantação de esferas de silicone gelatinosas (Grupo I) ou rígidas (Grupo II). Foi realizada avaliação clínica diária, ultrassonografia da cavidade orbitária, análise histológica e morfométrica da pseudocápsula que se formou ao redor dos implantes aos 7, 30 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, com avaliação estatística dos resultados. RESULTADOS: Houve boa integração das esferas com os tecidos orbitários e semelhança de resposta tecidual com ambas as esferas. Duas esferas de silicone gelatinosas e uma rígida extruíram. A pseudocápsula que se formou ao redor das esferas gelatinosas foi mais organizada, com espessura e reação inflamatória menores que a observada nas esferas rígidas. CONCLUSÕES: Esferas de silicone gelatinosas e rígidas tiveram boa integração tecidual em cavidades evisceradas de coelhos

Low-level laser on femoral growth plate in rats Laser terapêutico de baixa potência na placa de crescimento de ratos

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of low-level laser therapy on femoral growth plate in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats aged 40 days were divided into two groups, G1 and G2. In G1 the area of the distal growth plate of the right femur was irradiated at one point using GaAlAs laser 830 nm wavelength, output power of 40 mW, at an energy density of 10 J/cm². The irradiation was performed daily for a maximum of 21 days. The same procedure was done in G2, but the probe was turned off. Five animals in each group were euthanized on days 7, 14 and 21 and submitted to histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In both groups the growth plate was radiographically visible at all moments from both craniocaudal and mediolateral views. On the 21st day percentage of femoral longitudinal length was higher in G2 than G1 compared to basal value while hypertrophic zone chondrocyte numbers were higher in G1 than G2. Calcified cartilage zone was greater in G1 than in G2 at all evaluation moments. Angiogenesis was higher in G1 than in G2 at 14th and 21st days. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy negatively influenced the distal femoral growth plate.<br>OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência do Laser Terapêutico de Baixa Potência sobre a placa de crescimento de ratos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar machos com 40 dias de idade foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 e G2. O grupo G1 foi submetido à irradiação com laser GaAlAs 830 nm, potência de saída de 40 mW, e densidade de energia de 10 J/cm2. A irradiação foi aplicada diariamente por um período máximo de 21 dias. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado no grupo G2, com a probe desativada. Cinco animais em cada grupo foram sacrificados nos dias 7, 14 e 21 e submetidas à análise histomorfométrica. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos, o disco fisário esteve radiograficamente visível em todos os momentos nas incidências craniocaudal e médio-lateral. No 21º dia a porcentagem de comprimento longitudinal do fêmur foi maior em G1 que em G2 em relação ao valor basal, e o número de condrócitos da zona hipertrófica foi maior em G1 que em G2. A zona de cartilagem calcificada estava maior em G1 em relação a G2 em todos os momentos de avaliação. A angiogênese foi maior em G1 que em G2 nos 14º e 21º dias. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com laser terapêutico de baixa potência influenciou negativamente o disco fisário distal do fêmur de ratos

Doxorubicin as an antioxidant: Maintenance of myocardial levels of lycopene under doxorubicin treatment

The mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remains controversial. Wistar rats (n=96) were randomly assigned to a control (C), lycopene (L), doxorubicin (D), or doxorubicin+lycopene (DL) group. The L and DL groups received lycopene (5 mg/kg body wt/day by gavage) for 7 weeks. The D and DL groups received doxombicin (4 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally) at 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks and were killed at 7 weeks for analyses. Myocardial tissue lycopene levels and total antioxidant performance (TAP) were analyzed by HPLC and fluorometry, respectively. Lycopene metabolism was determined by incubating H-2(10)-lycopene with intestinal mucosa postmitochondrial fraction and lipoxygenase and analyzed with HPLC and APCI mass spectroscopy. Myocardial tissue lycopene levels in DL and L were similar. TAP adjusted for tissue protein were higher in myocardium of D than those of C (P=0.002). Lycopene metabolism study identified a lower oxidative cleavage of lycopene in D as compared to those of C. Our results showed that lycopene was not depleted in myocardium of lycopene-supplemented rats treated with doxorubicin and that higher antioxidant capacity in myocardium and less oxidative cleavage of lycopene in intestinal mucosa of doxorubicin-treated rats suggest an antioxidant role of doxombicin rather than acting as a prooxidant. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 alterations in rats

Background: Doxorubicin can cause cardiotoxicity. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are responsible for degrading extracellular matrix components which play a role in ventricular dilation. Increased MMP activity occurs after chronic doxorubicin treatment. In this study we evaluated in vivo and in vitro cardiac function in rats with acute doxorubicin treatment, and examined myocardial MMP and inflammatory activation, and gene expression of proteins involved in myocyte calcium transients. Methods: Wistar rats were injected with doxorubicin (Doxo, 20 mg/kg) or saline (Control). Echocardiogram was performed 48 h after treatment. Myocardial function was assessed in vitro in Langendorff preparation. Results: In left ventricle, doxorubicin impaired fractional shortening (Control 0.59 +/- 0.07; Doxo 0.51 +/- 0.05; p &lt; 0.001), and increased isovolumetric relaxation time (Control 20.3 +/- 4.3; Doxo 24.7 +/- 4.2 ms; p = 0.007) and myocardial passive stiffness. MMP-2 activity, evaluated by zymography, was increased in Doxo (Control 141338 +/- 8924; Doxo 188874 +/- 7652 arbitrary units; p &lt; 0.001). There were no changes in TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-10, and ICAM-1 myocardial levels. Expression of phospholamban, Serca-2a, and ryanodine receptor did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Acute doxorubicin administration induces in vivo left ventricular dysfunction and in vitro increased myocardial passive stiffness in rats. Cardiac dysfunction is related to myocardial MMP-2 activation. Increased inflammatory stimulation or changed expression of the proteins involved in intracellular calcium transients is not involved in acute cardiac dysfunction

Tomato-oleoresin supplement prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiac myocyte oxidative DNA damage in rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent used against several types of tumors; however, its use is limited due to severe cardiotoxicity. Since it is accepted that reactive oxygen species are involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, antioxidant agents have been used to attenuate its side effects. To determine tomato-oleoresin protection against cardiac oxidative DNA damage induced by DOX, we distributed Wistar male rats in control (C), lycopene (L), DOX (D) and DOX+lycopene (DL) groups. They received corn oil (C, D) or tomato-oleoresin (5 mg/kg body wt. day) (L, DL) by gavage for a 7-week period. They also received saline (C, L) or DOX (4 ma/kg body wt.) (D, DL) intraperitoneally at the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and at 6th week. Lycopene absorption was checked by HPLC. Cardiac oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by the alkaline Comet assay using formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (endo 111). Cardiomyocyte levels of SBs, SBs FPG and SBs Endo III were higher in rats from D when compared to other groups. DNA damage levels in cardiomyocytes from DL were not different when compared to C and L groups. The viability of cardiomyocytes from D or DL was lower than C or L groups (p < 0.01). Lycopene levels (mean +/- S.D. nmol/kg) in saponified hearts were similar between L (47.43 +/- 11.78) and DL (49.85 +/- 16.24) groups. Our results showed: (1) lycopene absorption was confirmed by its cardiac levels; (2) DOX-induced oxidative DNA damage in cardiomyocyte; (3) tomato-oleoresin supplementation protected against cardiomyocyte oxidative DNA damage. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved