The pharmaceutical Impacts of honeybee venom against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

Hepatic cirrhosis is an acute disease accompanying fibrosis, liver cell damage, and liver dysfunction. The current study, the prospective therapeutic effects of honey bee venom (BV) on liver fibrosis were examined in rats administered thioacetamide. Hepatic histology, Masson’s trichrome, anti-oxidants (total glutathione and superoxide dismutase), apoptosis and biochemical hepatic functions assays were estimated. We found that BV treatment up-regulated the albumin protein, anti-oxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) and down-regulated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, collagen formation and apoptotic rate, which were altered by TAA inducer. Together, these responses increased liver cells sensitivity to TAA-induced hepatotoxicity and forced the damaged cells to undergo apoptosis. Enhancing the tendency of damaged liver cells to undergo apoptosis could be a protective mechanism whereby BV suppresses inflammatory responses and liver fibrosis. The study suggested that honeybee venom prevented TAA-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting liver inflammation; decreased the high rate of lethality; alleviated hepatic histological injury; attenuated hepatic inflammatory responses; and inhibited hepatic cells apoptosis. These results suggest that honeybee venom could be an effective agent for preventing liver fibrosis. Keywords: Hepatic fibrosis, Honey bee venom, Thioactamide, Antioxidant

Phytoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of German Chamomile Extract against Dimpylate-Induced Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Dimpylate is one of the most organophosphorus widely used insecticides in agriculture. This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) on the hepato-nephrotoxicity induced by Dimpylate in male Wistar rats.  Rats  were divided into 4 groups: Control group, received  corn oil alone; Chamomile group, orally given water extract of Chamomile (300 mg/kg b.wt./day for 30 days); Dimpylate group, orally given 15 mg/kg b.wt./day for 30 days of Dimpylate; and Dimpylate and chamomile group,  orally given Dimpylate (15 mg/kg b.wt./day) with Chamomile extract (300 mg/kg b.wt./day) for 30 days. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were estimated in the liver and kidney of all groups. In the liver and kidney of the Dimpylate-intoxicated rats, there was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TCA), glutathione-peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSH-R) and Glutathione–S-transferase (GST). In addition, significant increases in serum liver function marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) were recorded in Dimpylate intoxicated rats as compared to control group. Moreover, significant increase in serum total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels was observed in Dimpylate group as compared to control group. Serum total protein was decreased significantly in Dimpylate intoxicated rats as compared to the control group. Renal products; urea and creatinine were significantly elevated in in Dimpylate group compared to the control group. Dimpylate treated animals also revealed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters as well as hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation but caused an inhibition in antioxidant biomarkers. normalized the elevated serum levels of AST, ALT, APL, uric acid, urea and creatinine. Furthermore, it reduced dimpylate-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, it could be concluded that Chomomile extract administration able to minimize the toxic effects of dimpylate by its free radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activity. Co-administration of the Chamomile aqueous extract with Dimpylate could attenuate the all the disrupted measured parameters in liver and kidney tissued. Therefore, it could be concluded that the chamomile aqueous extract has antioxidant and protective property againsit Dimpylate hepato-nephrotoxicity Keywords: Dimpylate, Chamomile, hepato-nephrotoxicity, Antioxidant

Suppressive efficiency of Kojic acid from Aspergillus tamarii MM11 against HepG-2 cell line derived from human liver cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Kojic acid (KOJIC ACID) from Aspergillus tamarii MM11 against HepG-2 cell line derived from human liver cancer.Methods: The crude extract of A. tamarii MM11 was dissolved in a mixture of CH2Cl2/MeOH (85:15) and separation was done using silica gel chromatography using gradient size exclusion chromatograph. The non-polar oily fractions were subjected to gas chromatography-mass  spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Kojic acid structure was identified by x-beam crystallography and spectroscopic methods. Total antioxidant properties of KOJIC ACID were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) against ascorbic acid as a reference. The cytotoxic activity of KOJIC ACID from A. tamarii MM11 was investigated on the human cell line of liver cancer (HepG-2) using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay based on a cell density determination by the measurement of cellular protein content.Result: Highly bioactive Kojic acid was isolated as the main product. A. tamarii MM11 Kojic acid showed good antioxidant activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of IC50 at concentrations of 10.34 compared to 6.79 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. Kojic acid also showed good cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 cell line of human liver cancer with IC50 at 6.20 compared to 3.25 μg/mL of reference drug doxorubicin.Conclusion: Kojic acid produced naturally from A. tamarii MM11 shows good antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 cell line derived from  human liver cancer. These findings suggest that Kojic acid can be therapeutically used as an antitumor drug after further in vivo studies. Keywords: Aspergillus tamarii, Secondary metabolites, Kojic acid, Anticancer, Liver cance

Investigation of anti-human ovarian cancer effects of decorated Au nanoparticles on Thymbra spicata extract modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles

This work describes an eco-friendly approach for in situ immobilization of Au nanoparticles on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with the help of Thymbra spicata extract and ultrasound irradiations, without using any toxic reducing and capping agents. The combination of Fe3O4 NPs and Au NPs in one hybrid nanostructure (Fe3O4@Thymbra spicata/Au NPs) represents a promising strategy for targeted biomedical applications. The structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties were characterized by various analytical techniques such as fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). MTT assay was used on common ovarian cancer cell lines i.e., SW-626, PA-1, and SK-OV-3 to survey the cytotoxicity and anti-ovarian cancer effects of Fe3O4@Thymbra spicata/Au NPs. The best results of cytotoxicity and anti-ovarian cancer properties were seen in the concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Fe3O4@ Thymbra spicata/Au NPs had very low cell viability and high anti-ovarian cancer activities dose-dependently against PA-1, SW-626, and SK-OV-3 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVEC). For investigating the antioxidant properties of Fe3O4@ Thymbra spicata/Au NPs, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive control. Fe3O4@Thymbra spicata/Au NPs inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 107 µg/mL. Maybe significant anti-human ovarian cancer potentials of Fe3O4@Thymbra spicata/Au NPs against common human ovarian cancer cell lines are linked to their antioxidant activities. After confirming the above results in the clinical trial researches, this formulation can be administrated for the treatment of several types of human ovarian cancers in humans

Decorated CuO nanoparticles over chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: Investigation of its anti-colon carcinoma and anti-gastric cancer effects

In this study, a green protocol for supporting CuO nanoparticles over chitosan-modified amino-magnetic nanoparticles is described. The physicochemical and morphological properties of the desired nanocomposite assessed by various techniques like ICP, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and VSM. In the oncological part of the recent study, the Cu(NO3)2, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4-NH2@CS/CuO nanocomposite cell viability was very low against human gastric cancer cell lines i.e. MKN45, AGS, and KATO III and human colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8 [HRT-18], and Ramos.2G6.4C10. The IC50 of Fe3O4-NH2@CS/CuO nanocomposite against MKN45, AGS, KATO III, HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-8 [HRT-18], and Ramos.2G6.4C10 cell lines were 517, 525, 544, 282, 214, 420, and 477 µg/mL, respectively. Thereby, the best anti-gastro-duodenal cancers findings of our Fe3O4-NH2@CS/CuO nanocomposite was seen in the HCT 116 cell line case

Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects

Panax ginseng has many therapeutic uses in medicine. In the recent research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were formulated by the Panax ginseng aqueous extract. The synthesized AgNPs’ characterization was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and elemental mapping. The AgNPs were analyzed for their surface morphology by SEM. The successful synthesis of AgNPs was evident with TEM images. The AgNPs had a uniform distribution and homogenous spherical shaped morphology with mean diameter in the range of 20–30 nm. The cytotoxic and anti-lung adenocarcinoma ‎potentials of biologically formulated AgNPs‎ against NCI-H1563‎, NCI-H1437‎, NCI-H1299‎, and NCI-H2126 cells were determined. The anti-lung adenocarcinoma ‎ properties of the AgNPs ‎ removed NCI-H1563‎, NCI-H1437‎, NCI-H1299‎, and NCI-H2126 cells. The AgNPs’ IC50‎ were 193, 156, 250, and 278 µg/mL against NCI-H1563‎, NCI-H1437‎, NCI-H1299‎, and NCI-H2126 cells, respectively. Also, AgNPs presented high antioxidant potential

Sonochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by potato starch: Its performance in the treatment of esophageal cancer

Economically viable and eco-friendly potato starch (PS) was employed to synthesize Au NPs under ultrasound irradiation. PS phytochemicals have the function of a green reductant as well as an efficient stabilizer template to cap and synthesize gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were applied to investigate the structure of the synthesized PS-Au NPs nanocomposite. FESEM results showed that the obtained Au NPs were spherical and ∼30 nm in diameter; their crystalline nature was detected by XRD and TEM data. PS-Au NP nanocomposite shows high antioxidant effects against DPPH. The colorimetric MTT investigation was followed in the determination of anti-esophageal cancer properties of the PS-Au NP nanocomposite against KYSE-30 and FLO-1 cell lines. The findings indicate that in 3 days, the cancer cell survival percentage in various dilations reduced as much as the PS-Au NP nanocomposite concentration increased. The best anti-cancer effect of the PS-Au NP nanocomposite was reported at 1,000 μg/mL dilation. Through MTT cytotoxicity analysis the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of PS-Au nanocomposite or IC50 values against the KYSE-30 and FLO-1 esophageal carcinoma cells were found as 125 and 176 μg/mL, respectively. The data indicated that these PS-Au NP nanocomposites inhibited esophageal cancer cells more strongly than normal cells

Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract

We herein demonstrate a novel green mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract for the treatment of gastric cancer under in vitro conditions. Physicochemical and structural features of the nanocomposite biomaterial were assessed by several techniques like UV-Vis spectrum, transmission electron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The Ag NPs showed high antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The IC50 of Ag NPs and Butylated hydroxytoluene against DPPH were 132 and 77 µg/mL, respectively. In the oncological part of this research, the status of normal and gastric cancer AGS and KATO III cell lines was determined. The IC50 of AgNPs was 193 and 250 µg/mL against AGS and KATO III. It seems that the prepared NP have stopped the growth of gastric cancer cells and the recent cancer cells have been removed with high concentration of NPs

Lutein Modulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Apoptotic Biomarkers Related to Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Hepato-Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats: Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B

Phthalates are widely distributed in our environment due to their usage in many industries, especially in plastic production, which has become an essential part of daily life. This investigation aimed to assess the potential remedial influence of lutein, a naturally occurring carotenoid, on phthalate-triggered damage to the liver and kidneys. When di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was administered to male albino rats over sixty straight days at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight, it resulted in a significant increase in the serum activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT), alpha-fetoprotein, creatinine, and cystatin-C, as well as disruptions in the serum protein profile. In addition, intoxication with DEHP affected hepato-renal tissues’ redox balance. It increased the content of some proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κB), and apoptotic marker (caspase-3); likewise, DEHP-induced toxicity and decreased the level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) in these tissues. Lutein administration at a dose level of 40 mg/kg b.w efficiently facilitated the changes in serum biochemical constituents, hepato-renal oxidative disturbance, and inflammatory, apoptotic, and histopathological alterations induced by DEHP intoxication. In conclusion, it can be presumed that lutein is protective as a natural carotenoid against DEHP toxicity

Green synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Mentha longifolia flower extract: evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-lung cancer effects

Herein, a bio-inspired synthetic method for Ag NP adorned biofunctionalized magnetic nanocomposite has been demonstrated. In the procedure, Mentha longifolia flower extract was employed as a template for the green reduction of immobilized Ag ions to corresponding NPs and subsequent stabilization. The phytochemical modification also facilitated the Fe3O4 NPs to protect from self-aggregation. The as-synthesized Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposite material was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, VSM, XRD and ICP-OES methods. Towards the biological application, the material was first explored in the anti-oxidant study following DPPH assay and it exhibited a significant radical scavenging capacity. The application of Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was further progressed in the anticancer study against standard human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H358). Cytotoxicity of the material against the cell lines were determined in terms of % cell viability following MTT method and was found to decrease with increase in the material load