Regular Exercise Training as a Principal Non-Pharmacological Method Affects Serum Leptin and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Metabolic Syndrome

Background and Aim: Regular exercise training is the principal non-pharmacological method for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome or other obesity-related diseases. We investigated the effects of aerobic training on leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Twenty-six sedentary middle-aged males with metabolic syndrome aged 40 ± 5 years were randomly assigned to two groups as exercise (aerobic training, n =13) and control (no training, n =13). The exercise programs were performed 3 days a week for 10 weeks at 55-75% of HRmax. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the training period for measuring serum leptin and triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, and HDL as cardiovascular risk factors. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups concerning anthropometric and clinical markers at baseline (p>0.05). Aerobic intervention resulted in significant decrease in anthropometric markers (abdominal circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage; p < 0.05), serum leptin (p = 0.026), TG (p = 0.001) and HDL (p = 0.032) in exercise group, but significant changes were not found in TC (p = 0.522) and LDL (p = 0.546). There were no changes in all measured variables in the control group. Conclusion: Based on our finding, it seems that regular aerobic exercise is associated with improved serum leptin and cardiovascular function in patients with metabolic syndrome. *Corresponding Author: Mojtaba Eizadi; Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Naseri Rad R, Eizadi M. Regular Exercise Training as a Principal Non-Pharmacological Method Affects Serum Leptin and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Metabolic Syndrome. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2020;6:1-8 (e1). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v6.3164

The effect of 8-week resistance training on IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle and glycemic profile in diabetes rats

Background: The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an important role in insulin signaling pathways in the target tissue of obese or insulin-resistant individuals. This study aimed to assess the effect of resistance training on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle in male Wister rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, T2D induced by high- fat diet (8 weeks) and STZ in fourteen male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) and then assigned into exercise (resistance training, 8 weeks, 5 days/weekly, n = 7) and control (no-training, n = 7) by randomly. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measuring glucose, insulin, and calculating insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).  Also, the IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle was measured 48 hours after the last training session of both cases and controls. Results: Compared to control, IRS-1 gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly by resistance training in exercise groups (p = 0.001). Fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p = 0.007) were reduced in the exercise rats compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, improved fasting glucose and insulin function after resistance training in T2D diabetes could be attributed to enhancing IRS-1 expression in gastrocnemius muscle by training

Study the effect of juice of two variety of pomegranate on decreasing plasma LDL cholesterol

AbstractPomegranate juice (PJ) was indeed shown recently to posses impressive antioxidative properties .the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate juice on plasma LDL .C decreasing in hypercholestolemia patients. In this investigation, patients were divided in three groups with twenty patients for each group .the treatments were including: 1-using tabrizy variety of pomegranate juice 2- black variety of pomegranate juice 3- drug (lovstatin).the levels of blood LDL.C in different exprements, before and after consumption of treatments were achieved respectively:1- LDL: [b (150/50±10/758), a (130/92±10/758)],LDL: [b (138/33±13/64), a (111/58±13/30)] 3- [b (158/25±10/759), a (130/50±10/758)] and LDL: 2- Respectively. Results were analyzed by compare means statistic test. The data indicated that LDL.analysis of results were revealed that patients LDL.C in three groups, after consumption showed a significant decrease at p<0.01.the consumption of group one and two were compared with group three, there was no difference between group one and two with group three. As with the drug, the two groups were effective on LDL.C decreasing

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation after Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in non-Trained Young Men

Background: Laboratory studies have revealed that intense exercise is associated with increased production of free radicals, and weakened capacity of antioxidant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of short-term whey protein supplementation on some oxidant and antioxidant indices following an intense exercise session among nonathletic men. Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial study, 24 nonathlete male students (21.9 ± 1.19 kg of weight) without any chronic and metabolic diseases were randomly allocated into two groups: males who received whey protein supplement (0.4 g / kg body weight for 3 consecutive days), and those who received placebo. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours after an intense resistance exercise session, and were analyzed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare GPx and LDH between these two groups. Results: Significant differences were observed in the GPx change pattern between the two groups. On the other hand, at each stage of the sampling, there was a significant increase in the amount of GPx compared to placebo group (1.164 ± 0.166 vs 0.924 ± 0.054 for 24 recovery; 1.111 ± 0.104 vs 0.896 ± 0.105 for 48 hours recovery; 1.036 ± 0.131 vs 0.873 ± 0.083 for 72 hours recovery) (Pvalue &lt; 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the LDH change pattern between the two groups (Pvalue = 0.99). Conclusions: Whey protein supplementation is associated with the improvement of GPx activity after an intense resistance exercise among non-athletic young men. Keywords: Antioxidant enzyme, Resistance exercise, Whey protein, Stress oxidative

The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation after Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in non-Trained Young Men

Background: Laboratory studies have revealed that intense exercise is associated with increased production of free radicals, and weakened capacity of antioxidant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of short-term whey protein supplementation on some oxidant and antioxidant indices following an intense exercise session among nonathletic men. Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial study, 24 nonathlete male students (21.9 ± 1.19 kg of weight) without any chronic and metabolic diseases were randomly allocated into two groups: males who received whey protein supplement (0.4 g / kg body weight for 3 consecutive days), and those who received placebo. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours after an intense resistance exercise session, and were analyzed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare GPx and LDH between these two groups. Results: Significant differences were observed in the GPx change pattern between the two groups. On the other hand, at each stage of the sampling, there was a significant increase in the amount of GPx compared to placebo group (1.164 ± 0.166 vs 0.924 ± 0.054 for 24 recovery; 1.111 ± 0.104 vs 0.896 ± 0.105 for 48 hours recovery; 1.036 ± 0.131 vs 0.873 ± 0.083 for 72 hours recovery) (Pvalue &lt; 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the LDH change pattern between the two groups (Pvalue = 0.99). Conclusions: Whey protein supplementation is associated with the improvement of GPx activity after an intense resistance exercise among non-athletic young men. Keywords: Antioxidant enzyme, Resistance exercise, Whey protein, Stress oxidative

Cardiovascular Property of Resistance Training With an Emphasis on PI3K/AKT1 Genes Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Background: The potential role of exercise in physiological cardiac hypertrophy is rooted in both hormonal and genetic components. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of resistance exercise on the expression of PI3K and AKT1 in cardiac tissue of type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats and their physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: First, 21 male Wistar rats (220±20 g) were obese with 6-week high-fat diet (HFD) and were randomly assigned into non-diabetes, control T2D, and exercise diabetes groups. After inducing obesity, T2D was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) for diabetes groups. Rats in the exercise group completed a 6-week resistance exercise program, 5 sessions per week. PI3K/AKT1 expression and the weight ratio of left ventricular to heart, heart to body, and left ventricular to body were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups. Results: In response to the induction of diabetes, the expression of PI3K/AKT1 in heart tissue decreased significantly compared to that of non-diabetic rats (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Further, resistance training led to a significant increase in PI3K expression (P=0.028) and AKT1 (P=0.032) and the weight ratio of left ventricular to heart (P=0.001), heart to the body (P=0.001), and left ventricular to the body (P=0.001) compared to control diabetic rats. Conclusion: Resistance training is associated with physiological cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats, and this improvement may be attributed to the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on TCF7L2 Gene Expression in Hepatocytes of Obese Rats

Objective Hepatic glucose release is greatly increased in the presence of obesity and related diseases. The research objective was to explore the impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on TCF7L2 gene expression in hepatocytes of obese rats. Materials and Methods: Out of 21 male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks years (220±10 g), obesity was induced in 14 rats by 8-week high-fat diet. The rats were then divided into normal (n=7), obese control (n=7), and HIIT obese (n=7) groups. Rats in the HIIT group completed 8 weeks of HIIT/5 days weekly, whereas the other groups were inactive. After intervention, TCF7L2 gene expression in hepatocytes, insulin resistance and glucose compared using ANOVA /Tukey’s post hoc test between groups by SPSS-22. Results: Obesity induction led to a significant decrease in TCF7L2 gene expression (P: 0.011) and an increase in blood glucose (P: 0.009) and insulin resistance (P: 0.019) compared with the normal group (P< 0.001). On the other hand, interval training led to a significant increase in TCF7L2 gene expression (P: 0.029) and a decrease in blood glucose (P< 0.001) and insulin resistance (P< 0.001) in the obese group compared with the control group. Conclusion: The observed enhancement in fasting blood glucose levels among obese rats could be linked to increased TCF7L2 gene expression in liver cells, which appears to be a response to interval training intervention. Nevertheless, understanding the main mechanisms responsible for observed changes requires further studies in this field