Fractionation of Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn in a soil column amended with an anaerobic municipal sewage sludge

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the chemical partitioning of Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn within a column of soil incubated with an anaerobic sewage sludge (ANSS) for 2.5 months. The soil was irrigated during the incubation period. A sequential extraction method was used to fractionate these metals into exchangeable, weakly adsorbed, organic, Al oxide, Fe–Mn oxide, and residual, respectively. ANSS was applied at a loading rate of 69 Mg ha−1. The soil is a Dystric Cambisol with low pH (<3.8), low CEC [<10 cmol(+) kg−1 below the first 4 cm depth], and low base saturation (<7%). The addition of the ANSS caused a decrease in concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cr in the A1 horizon, and an increase in the concentrations with depth. Below the A1 horizon, concentrations of Cu increased uniformly (~1 mg cm−1), and the greatest increases were observed in the residual, Fe–Mn oxides, and weakly adsorbed fractions. Maximum increases in Pb occurred at 4–9 cm of depth (1.6 mg cm−1), and mainly affected the weakly adsorbed fraction. Chromium essentially accumulated at the limit between the A2 and the Bw horizons (1.1–1.5 mg cm−1) as residual and organic bound forms, probably through particulate transport. Zinc mainly accumulated in the A1 horizon (2.9 mg cm−1) as exchangeable Zn. At depth, Zn increments were predominantly observed in the residual fraction. The results of this study thus demonstrate the redistribution of contaminants into different chemical pools and soil layers after sludge amendment

Volume de madeira e concentração foliar de nutrientes em parcelas experimentais de Eucalyptus grandis fertilizadas com lodos de esgoto úmido e seco Wood volume and foliar concentration of nutrients in Eucalyptus grandis after wet and dry sewage sludge application

No Brasil, diversos municípios estão construindo estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs), e futuramente serão produzidas anualmente milhares de toneladas de lodo para as quais deverá ser dada destinação adequada. O lodo de esgoto tratado (biossólido) é o resíduo resultante do tratamento do esgoto urbano, e sua disposição final precisa ser bem planejada devido às implicações sanitárias, ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Apresenta elevado teor de matéria orgânica e de nutrientes e poderia ser utilizado como fertilizante em plantios florestais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Estação de Ciências Florestais de Itatinga (Universidade de São Paulo), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de três doses (10, 20 e 30 t ha-1) dos lodos de esgoto úmido (torta) e seco (granulado), complementados com K e B e aplicados ao solo nas linhas de plantio em parcelas experimentais de Eucalyptus grandis. Dezoito meses após a implantação das mudas no campo, o volume dos troncos demonstrou aumento significativo (ao redor de 130%) no tocante ao crescimento dos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos úmido e seco em relação à testemunha sem aplicação de fertilizante, bem como teve resultado semelhante ao do tratamento com adubo mineral. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com a aplicação dos biossólidos úmido e seco. Com relação à nutrição mineral, foi observado aumento da concentração dos elementos P, Ca e Zn nas folhas com as maiores doses dos biossólidos, e verificou-se efeito inverso de Mn. As concentrações foliares de todos os nutrientes nos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos mantiveram-se dentro dos limites observados usualmente nas plantações comerciais, não havendo sinais de desequilíbrio nutricional.<br>In Brazil, several municipalities are building waste treatment plants and in the future thousands of tons of sewage sludge will be generated. Sewage sludge is the waste left over after wastewater treatment and its disposal needs to be well planned, considering sanitary, environmental, economic and social implications. Sewage sludge (biosolids) is high in organic content and plant nutrient and could be applied as fertilizer in forest plantations. The aim of this research, conducted at the Experimental Station of Itatinga (University of São Paulo) was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses (10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1) of wet and dry biosolids(pellets), complemented with K and B, and applied to planting rows in experimental Eucalyptus grandis plots 1.5 years after seedling plantation. Trunk volume increased significantly regarding the eucalypt trees that received wet and dry sewage sludge, compared to the control treatment (no fertilization), and a similar growth of eucalypt trees that received full mineral fertilization. Regarding mineral nutrition, a positive correlation was observed between doses of biosolids and P, Ca, and Zn concentrations in the leaves, but a negative effect for Mn and biosolid dose. The foliar concentration of all the nutrients in the biosolid-treated eucalypt trees remained within the limits observed in commercial plantations, with no signs of nutritional imbalance