Polymeric Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide and Conjugated Cisplatin for Potential Bladder Cancer Therapy

Amphiphilic poly­(ε-caprolactone)-<i>b</i>-poly­(propargyl methacrylate-<i>click</i>-mercaptosuccinic acid-<i>co</i>-poly­(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PCL-<i>b</i>-P­(PMA-<i>click</i>-MSA-<i>co</i>-PEGMA)) were synthesized by a combination of ring-opening polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and thiol-yne “click” reaction. The hydrophobic PCL core can be used to load superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), while the pendant dicarboxylic groups in the hydrophilic shell are used to coordinate cisplatin. These SPIONs-loaded, cisplatin-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (Pt–Fe–PNs) are superparamagnetic at room temperature and are mucoadhesive. Release of cisplatin from Pt–Fe–PNs in artificial urine at 37 °C was characterized by an initial burst release with a release of ∼30% of the cisplatin in the first 4 h followed by a slow sustained release over 4 days. The cisplatin release can be further enhanced by increasing the temperature. These Pt–Fe–PNs can effectively induce cytotoxicity against UMUC3 bladder cancer cells with IC₅₀ of 32.3 μM. These results indicate that Pt–Fe–PNs is potentially a promising cisplatin delivery vehicle which can be combined with SPIONs-induced hyperthermia for bladder cancer therapy

Additional file 1: of Restriction of in vivo infection by antifouling coating on urinary catheter with controllable and sustained silver release: a proof of concept study

Supporting information. Figure S1. Bladder enlarged due to blockage in urine flow. Figure S2. Average IL-6 levels in urine of E. coli inoculated mice implanted with uncoated catheters and P3 coated catheters. Error bars indicate SD. Figure S3. Amounts of calcium and magnesium deposition in urinary bladder of all micropigs with DoverTM and P3 catheter. Figure S4. Daily weight measurements to assess general health of the mice. Error bars indicate SD. (DOCX 306 kb

Thiol-ol Chemistry for Grafting of Natural Polymers to Form Highly Stable and Efficacious Antibacterial Coatings

Bacterial contamination of surfaces and the associated infection risk is a significant threat to human health. Some natural antibacterial polymers with low toxicity are promising coating materials for alleviating pathogenic colonization on surfaces. However, widespread application of these polymers as antibacterial coatings is constrained by coating techniques which are not easily scalable due to stringent reaction conditions. Herein, thiol-ol reaction involving oxidative conjugation between thiol and hydroxyl groups is demonstrated as a facile technique to graft two natural polymer derivatives, agarose (AG) and quaternized chitosan (QCS), as antibacterial coatings on polymer and metal substrates. The substrate surfaces are first treated with oxygen plasma followed by UV-induced grafting of the polymers under atmospheric conditions. Dimercaprol, a FDA-approved drug, is used as both surface anchor and cross-linker of the polymer chains during grafting. The AG coating achieves >2 log reduction in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilm formation, while the QCS coating reduces bacterial count from contaminated droplets on its surface by >95%. The coatings are noncytotoxic and exhibits a high degree of stability under conditions expected in their potential applications as antibacterial coating for biomedical devices (for AG), and for preventing pathogen transmission in the environment (for QCS)

Metabonomic Profiling of Bladder Cancer

Early diagnosis and life-long surveillance are clinically important to improve the long-term survival of bladder cancer patients. Currently, a noninvasive biomarker that is as sensitive and specific as cystoscopy in detecting bladder tumors is lacking. Metabonomics is a complementary approach for identifying perturbed metabolic pathways in bladder cancer. Significant progress has been made using modern metabonomic techniques to characterize and distinguish bladder cancer patients from control subjects, identify marker metabolites, and shed insights on the disease biology and potential therapeutic targets. With its rapid development, metabonomics has the potential to impact the clinical management of bladder cancer patients in the future by revolutionizing the diagnosis and life-long surveillance strategies and stratifying patients for diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic clinical trials. An introduction to metabonomics, typical metabonomic workflow, and critical evaluation of metabonomic investigations in identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer are presented

Urinary Metabotyping of Bladder Cancer Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Cystoscopy is the gold standard clinical diagnosis of human bladder cancer (BC). As cystoscopy is expensive and invasive, it compromises patients’ compliance toward surveillance screening and challenges the detection of recurrent BC. Therefore, the development of a noninvasive method for the diagnosis and surveillance of BC and the elucidation of BC progression become pertinent. In this study, urine samples from 38 BC patients and 61 non-BC controls were subjected to urinary metabotyping using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). Subsequent to data preprocessing and chemometric analysis, the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA, R²X = 0.278, R²Y = 0.904 and Q²Y (cumulative) = 0.398) model was validated using permutation tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Marker metabolites were further screened from the OPLS-DA model using statistical tests. GC×GC–TOFMS urinary metabotyping demonstrated 100% specificity and 71% sensitivity in detecting BC, while 100% specificity and 46% sensitivity were observed via cytology. In addition, the model revealed 46 metabolites that characterize human BC. Among the perturbed metabolic pathways, our clinical finding on the alteration of the tryptophan-quinolinic metabolic axis in BC suggested the potential roles of kynurenine in the malignancy and therapy of BC. In conclusion, global urinary metabotyping holds potential for the noninvasive diagnosis and surveillance of BC in clinics. In addition, perturbed metabolic pathways gleaned from urinary metabotyping shed new and established insights on the biology of human BC

sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231216582 – Supplemental material for Prostate cancer management in Southeast Asian countries: a survey of clinical practice patterns

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231216582 for Prostate cancer management in Southeast Asian countries: a survey of clinical practice patterns by Edmund Chiong, Marniza Saad, Agus Rizal A.H. Hamid, Annielyn Beryl Ong-Cornel, Bannakij Lojanapiwat, Choosak Pripatnanont, Dennis Serrano, Jaime Songco, Loh Chit Sin, Lukman Hakim, Melvin Lee Kiang Chua, Nguyen Phuc Nguyen, Pham Cam Phuong, Ravi Sekhar Patnaik, Rainy Umbas and Ravindran Kanesvaran in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology</p