Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Readiness for Events With Psychological Emergencies Assessment Tool

Background: In the case of a disastrous event, stress and anxiety often result in psychological diseases such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Health care providers even suffer from such disaster-related disorders. Psychological complications can negatively influence their ability in providing care. Thus, this study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Readiness for Events with Psychological Emergencies Assessment Tool (REPEAT).&nbsp; Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to validate the Persian version of REPEAT. Data were gathered from 140 managers and staff members of select university hospitals in Tehran, Lorestan, and Semnan Provinces through convenient sampling. They were invited to complete REPEAT, which comprised 7 dimensions and 28 statements. Then, the qualitative content, construct validity, and reliability were determined. Results: In exploratory factor analysis, seven factors (including internal organizational structure and chain of command, resources and infrastructure, knowledge and skills, coordination with external organizations, risk assessment and monitoring, psychological support, and communication and information sharing) were extracted. The following eigenvalues were recorded for these seven factors: 3.59, 3.41, 2.78, 2.61, 2.94, 2.40, and 1.39, respectively. The results of Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha showed that the internal consistency of the Persian version of REPEAT was 0.805. The intraclass correlation coefficient was found to be 0.809 (CI95: 0.501-0.903, P<0.001).&nbsp; Conclusion: The results of data analysis revealed that this instrument is highly reliable and valid and can be used as an appropriate tool to measure psychological preparedness of hospitals. However, further validation is needed.&nbsp

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire

Introduction: Identifying the source of stress is essential to design tailored programs for promoting mental health of students. Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) is an instrument to assess the source of stress in medical students. The aim of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire. Methods: This study was a methodological survey with a descriptive, cross-sectional design and was conducted in all medical universities of Tehran in 2016-17. The questionnaire was first back translated from English to Persian. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was completed by 200 fifth- to seventh-year medical students and fourth-year midwifery and nursing students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the number of factors and fitness of the model. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by internal consistency. Test-retest was used to assess temporal repeatability. Results: The results confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of MSSQ questionnaire. The results of face and content validity confirmed all of the questionnaire items. The Exploratory factor analysis yielded six factors which explained 75.99% of the variance observed. Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.92 and intra-class correlation coefficients of the sub-scales were at acceptable level, ranging from 0.81 to 0.90. Conclusion: This questionnaire is a useful and valid instrument in terms of implementation and ease of scoring, and can assess the stressors in medical students. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable instrument in research

Strategies to improve menopausal quality of life: A systematic review

Background: Menopause and its complications could disturb the sense of well-being and health and affect the quality of life. The present study was performed to review the conducted interventional study related to the quality of life in menopausal women in Iran. Methods: In the present systematic review, to achieve the intended studies, Iranian Registry for Clinical Trials and Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were searched using: menopause” and “quality of life” keywords without any time limitations. Based on Jadad criteria, studies with a score of 3 or more were enrolled in the study. Results: From all the achieved studies at primary search, 12 were selected and enrolled in the study. Reviewing the results of the studies showed that participating physical exercise, using products containing phytoestrogens and isoflavones and participating in educational and counseling sessions have an effective role in the improvement of quality of life in menopausal women. Conclusions: Evidence indicated that from the existing strategies to improve the menopausal quality of life, using complementary medicine is an efficient method and could be more effective when consumed along with performing physical exercises and participating in educational programs

Comparison of the Effects of Modern Assessment Methods (DOPS and Mini-CEX) with traditional method on Nursing Students\' Clinical Skills: A Randomized Trial

Introduction: Student assessment is of the most important responsibilities of a clinical teacher. Application of new methods of assessment is necessary due to significant improvement in clinical teaching methods. In the meantime, new assessment approaches that simultaneously enforce learning have been greeted more than other methods. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the new methods (Mini-CEX and DOPS) with traditional method of assessment on the clinical skills of nursing internships students in Army University of Medical Science. Methods: This study is a randomized trial which was carried out on nursing students of Army University of Medical Science. All eligible students and instructors willing to take part were randomly divided into two groups of experiment and control. After training the instructors and assessing the reliability of evaluators, three rounds of assessments were performed using DOPS and Mini-CEX for experiment group while control group was evaluated using the routine method. Evaluation of procedures (Vein puncturing, dressing up, report writing, and patient education) in each group was based on valid and reliable check-lists made by the researcher. Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and independent T tests). Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding demographic variables such as age, gender, and average (p<0.05). The mean scores of final assessments in the experiment group(by Mini-CEX and DOPS methods) were significantly(p=0.000) higher than the control one(traditional method). In other Conclusion: It seems that applying Mini-CEX and DOPS methods resulted in improvement of clinical skills among students. Accordingly, it is recommended that nursing education centers apply these two methods to assess students’ clinical skills in conjunction with other methods, to help promote their learning

The effect of the blood glucose concentration on night work nurses’ attention .

AbstractBackground and aim:The repairing effect of glucose on brain cognition functioning, especiallyattention has been studied widely.Cognitive performance and attention is a vital aspect in nursingpractice. Decreased attention and nursing errors may result in substantial mortality, morbidity, andadditional health care costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the blood glucoseconcentration on night work nurses’ attention accuracy in military hospitals in Tehran ,Iran.Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental study was carried out. A convenience sample of 60nurses working in, two military hospitals in Tehran participated in the study. These nurses wererandomly allocated in intervention and control groups. The study was carried out from Sep2009 toApril 2010. Data were collected using a demographic data form and attention accuracy wasevaluated by Toulouse- Pieron and Bonnardel test. Data collection and intervention was carried outduring 4 to 5 am. The blood glucose concentration was measured before intervention, then nurses inintervention group receivedPQ gr glucose solution, and nurses in control group drank water. Onehour after intervention attention accuracy and blood glucose reevaluated in both groups. Data wereanalyzed by SPSS V.15 software.Findings:The results indicated that glucose consumption improved the attention accuracy of nurses(P&lt;0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results, glucose consumption or carbohydrate diet in night work nursingeffects on brain cognition performance especially accuracy.Keywords: Glucose, accuracy, nurse, night work shiftREFERENCES-Atkinson R L et al (2009). [Hilgards introduction to psychology] Translated by Baraheni et al, Tehran, Roshd publisher(Persian).-Abedi M (2008). [Laboratory Methods &amp; Diagnosis] 6th edition, Tehran, Noordanesh Publisher (Persian).-Benton D Parker PY (1998). Breakfast, blood glucose, and cognition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 67 (4)772S.-Benton D Owens DS Parker PY (1994). Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults.Neuropsychology. 32 (5) 595-608.-Benton D Parker P Donohoe R. (2008). The supply of glucose to the brain and cognitive functioning. Journal ofBiosocial Science. 28 (04) 463-79.-Benton D Owens DS Parker PY (1994). Blood glucose influences memory and attention in young adults.Neuropsychology. 32 (5) 595-608.-Balas MC Scott LD Rogers AE (2004). The prevalence and nature of errors and near errors reported by hospital staffnurses. Applied Nursing Research. 17 (4) 224-30.-Benner P Sheets V Uris P Malloch K Schwed K Jamison D Individual, practice, and system causes of errors in nursing:taxonomy. Journal of Nursing Administration. 2002. 32 (10) 509.-Cromer B et al (1990). The school breakfast program and cognition in adolescents. Journal of Developmental &amp;Behavioral Pediatrics. 11(6) 295.-Devlin T M. (2006). Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations 6th ed, USA, Wiley-Liss, AJOHN WILEY&amp; SONS Publisher.-Di Bonito P et al (2007). Impact of impaired fasting glucose and other metabolic factors on cognitive function inelderly people. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 17 (3) 203-8.-Dawson B &amp; Trapp R (1997). [Basic and clinical biostatistics ] 4th edition translated by sarafraz et al, Mashhad,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Health services Publisher (Persian).-Daly LE Bourke GJ Mcgilvray J (1997). [Interpretation and uses of medical statistics] 4th edition, translated byfaghihzadeh Tehran, Shahed University Publisher (Persian).-Ebrahimian A (2006). [Night work Nursing: The level of attention]. Payesh. 5 (2) 123-130 (Persian).-Fischer K et al (2002). Carbohydrate to protein ratio in food and cognitive performance in the morning. Physiology andBehavior. 75 (3) 411-24.-Guyton AC Hall JE (2008). Text book of Medical Physiology 11th ed, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Elsevier-SaundersPublisher.-Gold P (2005). Glucose and age-related changes in memory. Neurobiology of aging. 26 (1) 60-4.-Gold P (2004). Coordination of multiple memory systems. Neurobiology of learning and memory. 82 (3) 230-42.-Ganji H (2009). [Work Psychology] 11th ed, Tehran, Nashr-Savalan Publisher (Persian).-Ganji H (2007). [Psychology of Individual Differences] 12th ed, Tehran, Besat Publisher (Persian).-Gulpinar M Yegen B (2004). The physiology of learning and memory: role of peptides and stress. Current Protein andPeptide Science. 5 (6) 457-73.-Holt S (1999). The effects of high-carbohydrate vs. high-fat breakfasts on feelings of fullness and alertness, andsubsequent food intake. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 50 (1) 13-28.-Hoyland A Lawton C Dye L (2008). Acute effects of macronutrient manipulations on cognitive test performance inhealthy young adults: A systematic research review. Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 32 (1) 72-85.-Hashemi F (2008). [Ethical response to nursing error]. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine. 1 (4) 32-42(Persian).-Keyhani M Shariatpanahi M (2008). [Assessment of music effect on concentration and attention among students ofAzad] University of Medical Sciences]. Tehran unit. 18 (2) 101-106. (Persian).-Kaplan RJ et al (2001). Dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat enhance memory performance in the healthy elderly.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 74 (5) 687.-Khodarahmi R Bahrami N (2003). [Metabolism] 1st edition, Tehran, Noor-e-Danesh Publisher (Persian).-Luriia, A. (1989). [The working brain] 1st edition Translated by Monajem, Tehran, Bonyad Publisher (Persian).-Lloyd H et al (1996). Acute effects on mood and cognitive performance of breakfasts differing in fat and carbohydratecontent. Appetite. 27 (2) 151-64.-McAulay V et al (2001). Acute hypoglycemia in humans causes attention dysfunction while nonverbal intelligence ispreserved. Diabetes Care. 24 (10) 1745.-Messier C (2004). Glucose improvement of memory: a review. European journal of pharmacology. 490 (1-3):33-57.-McNay E Gold P (2002). Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into themechanisms of memory modulation. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews. 1(4) 264.-Men D McCarty R Gold P (1999). Enhanced release of nor epinephrine in rat hippocampus during spontaneousalternation tests. Neurobiology of learning and memory. 71(3) 289-300.-Owens DS Benton D (1994). The impact of raising blood glucose on reaction times. Neuropsychobiology. 30 (2) 106-13.-Richards M (1972). Studies on breakfast and mental performance. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.26 (4) 219-23.-Rolandsson O et al. (2008). Increased glucose levels are associated with episodic memory in no diabetic women.Diabetes. 57 (2) 440.-Scholey AB et al. (2009). Glucose administration prior to a divided attention task improves tracking performance butnot word recognition: evidence against differential memory enhancement? Psychopharmacology. 202 (1) 549-58.-Smith A et al (1994). Effects of breakfast and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and cardiovascular functioning.Appetite. 22 (1) 39-56.-Stefani M Nicholson G Gold P (1999). ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockade enhances spontaneous alternationperformance in the rat: a potential mechanism for glucose-mediated memory enhancement. Neuroscience. 93 (2) 557-63.-Smith M Foster J (2008). Glucoregulatory and order effects on verbal episodic memory in healthy adolescents after oralglucose administration. Biological Psychology. 79 (2) 209-15.-Sagoe-Moses C et al (2001). Risks to health care workers in developing countries. 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Comparison of Intensive Care Unit and General Wards Nurses’ Emotional Reactions and Health Status

AbstractBackground and aim:  Nurses in their work settings are exposed to pain,suffer and death of their patients which may affect their health status and emotional reactions . This study aimed to compare ICU and general wards’ nurses health status and emotional reactions .Method and materials.  This is a descriptive- cross sectional study which was performed on 103 intensive care unit nurses and 210 nurses in general wards in two of Baqhiatalah (a.j) university hospitals in 2010. The sample of the study was selected by systematic random sampling method’. Data were collected by GHQ12 &amp;DASS21 questionnaires to evaluate emotional reactions and general health status of nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS15 software descriptive analytical statistics such as chi-square tests.Results:  On average, 33% of nurses in the study had stress 33.9%, anxiety and 30.8% depression range of mild to very severe and showed that only was more depression in the intensive care units nursing (P &lt;0.05).Although About 30% of nurses general health are not desirable in terms and the difference was not statistically significant in two groups of nurses studied.Conclusion:  The results demonstrated that approximately ⅓ of both groups intensive care units and other wards nurses had general health are not desirable in terms and at least one of emotional reactions (stress, anxiety or depression) even was more depression in the intensive care units nursing. Given the importance of nursing due and patient care, Management measures to assess and control factors to this problem is necessary.Keywords: general health, emotional reactions, nurse, intensive care unit

The effect of exercise on level of general health of pregnant women

AbstractBackground and aim:Prenatal care is one of the most confident and basic services to protect fetomaternalhealth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on level of generalhealth of pregnant women.Materials and Methods:This was a quasi-experimental clinical trial study. The research samplesincluded 60 primigravid women referred to the prenatal-care clinic of Baghiatallah hospital inTehran. The participants were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups. Theexperimental group was trained for 1.5-2 hours in groups with 3 to 4 members and then they beganto practice. No training was performed for control group. Level of general health of two groups wasinvestigated by general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), before and 8 weeks after the intervention.Data were analyzed by analytic and descriptive statistical testes.Findings:Sixty primigravid women with average age of 26/77 years and average gestational age of8/13 weeks participated in the study. The education level of majority of participants was highschooldiploma and they have no history of exercise during pregnancy. Before intervention, the total scoresfor GHQ were 38/06 and 29/46 in experimental and control groups, respectively. After intervention,the total scores were 19/2 and 27/5 in experimental and control groups, respectively. T test showed asignificant difference between two groups his before and after the intervention (p&lt;0/05). The meanscores for all dimension of general health showed significant difference between two groups ofstudy (p&lt;0/05).Conclusion:Results showed the positive effects of physical exercises on physical and psychosocialdimension of general health of pregnant women.Keywords:Pregnant women, Physical exercise, General healthCorresponding Author:Azam Sadeghi, Master of Science in Nursing, Akhtar Hospital, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,IranEmail: [email protected] R Pelaez M Montejo R et al (2011). Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal health perception: Arandomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 204 (5) 402. E1-7.-Dabiran S Hatmi ZN (2005). [New approach to exercise in pregnancy].Journal of Tehran University of MedicalScience. 63 (12) 974-979. (Persian)-Dumas G Reid J Wolf L Griffin M et al (1995). Exercise, posture and back pain during pregnancy. ClinicalBiomechanics. 10 (2) 98-103.-Ebrahimi A Molavi H Moosavi G et al (2007). Psychometric properties and factor structure of general healthquestionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) in Iranian psychiatric patients.Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences. 5 (1) 5-11(Persian)-Gibbons P Arevalo H Mnico M (2004). Assessing of the factor structure and reliability of the 28 item version of theGeneral Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in El Salvador. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology. 4(2) 389-398-Goodwin A Astbury J McMeeken J (2000). Body image and psychological well-being in pregnancy. 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Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University(Persian)-Sehatie Shafai F Sadeghi khamene S Kushavar H et al (2006). [Lifestyle and its correlation with outcomes ofpregnancy in pregnant women referred to educational hospitals of Tabriz]. Nursing and Midwifery Journal of Tabriz. 1(3) 28-32 (Persian)-Shivakumar G Brandon AR, Snell PG et al (2011). Antenatal depression: a rationale for studying exercise. Depressionand anxaeity. 28 (3) 234-42.-Sorensen T Williams M Lee I et al (2005). Recreational physical activity during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia.Hypertension. 41(6) 1273-80-Stora (2007). [Tension or stress: New Disease of Civilization], Translated by Dadsetan P, 2nd edition, Tehran, RoshdPublication. 179-186 (Persian)-Zand S Zamani A (2009). [The effect of simple exercise maneuvers and proper performance of daily activity onoutcome of pregnancy]. Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Infertility of Iran. 12(3).51-57. (Persian