Pengelolaan Lansekap Lahan Bekas Tambang: Pemulihan Lahan dengan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal (In-Situ)

. Salah satu pemanfaatan lahan yang memiliki dampak negative terhadap kualitas lahan adalah kegiatan penambangan. Dengan ekploitasi lahan yang intensif menyebabkan permukaan lahan (lansekap) menjadi tidak beraturan. Limbah sisa hasil tambang yang berada dipermukaan lahan seperti batuan sisa bahan tambang (overburden), sisa bahan tambang yang berbentuk pasir (tailing) dan air asam tambang serta limbah batuan yang mengandung logam berat sering menimbulkan kualitas lahan menjadi stress. Bahan sisa limbah hasil tambang memiliki kandungan bahan organik dan kelembaban tanah yang sangat rendah, tanah mudah padat. Lapisan tanah atas pada lahan bekas tambang sangat heterogen dan memiliki berat isi tinggi, bersifat toksik dan hara makro menjadi tidak tersedia bagi tanaman sehingga tanaman tidak tumbuh dan berproduksi serta memiliki populasi mikroba tanah rendah. Pengelolaan lansekap pada lahan bekas tambang tidak terlepas dari tindakan konservasi tanah, karena selain memperbaiki tanah untuk media tumbuh tanaman, juga mengurangi dampak negative terhadap erosi dan aliran permukaan. Salah satu pendekatan dalam pengelolaan lansekap adalah meningkatkan kualitas tanah yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Pencegahan degradasi lahan dan membangun sumber bahan organik in-situ, melalui rotasi tanaman, sistim pengolahan tanah, penggunaan mulsa tanaman, tanaman penutup tanah dan pertanaman berlereng. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya lokal menjadi penting dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas lahan bekas tambang. Namun hal terpenting bahwa pembenah tanah harus potential memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi tanah, serta bahan pembenah tanah atau ameliorant merupakan sumberdaya lokal

Identification of Soil Salinity Due to Seawater Intrusion on Rice Field in the Northern Coast of Indramayu, West Java

The rice fields in Indramayu district is 55% of the district area. The average rainfall is 1590 mm per year. Most lands on the North Coast of Java (northern) were potentially affected by sea water intrusion. Extensive observations were 102.321 ha. Field observations were done by survey method. Observations had been conducted on rice fields Pantura, Indramayu, West Java. Soil salinity was measured by using the electromagnetic conductivity meter (EM-38). The results revealed that area had very high salinity which was 22.57%, closest to the beach Indramayu. In the South Region, soil salinity was lower, in accordance with the distance from the coastline. Some areas had a low, medium, and high salinity status in which 58.41%, 8.54% and 10.49%, respectively. Much of the research area had very high Sodium (Na) and ECe (0 - 30 cm) was between 1.37 to 16.38 dS m-1, while the ECe (30 - 70 cm) was between 1.11 to 17.40 dS m-1. This research was expected to assist in the agricultural development planning, especially in wetlands which have been affected by the intrusion of sea water (salinity). Planning for theimplementation of the development of rice varieties that are sensitive to high and very high salinity. Planning and improvement of irrigation networks as sources of clean water for washing the salts or pushing salt water into the sea

Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah, dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung di Lahan Kering Masam

Penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara terus menerus pada USAhatani jagung di lahan kering masam menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap produktivitas tanah dan lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pupuk kandang dan sludge yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk buatan/anorganik terhadap Perubahan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan, produksi dan keuntungan pada USAhatani jagung di lahan kering masam.Penelitian dilakukan di KP Tamanbogo, Lampung Timur pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2013 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 t/ha pupuk kandang, 5 t/ha sludge (hasil samping pembuatan biogas) dan kombinasinya dengan 50% dan 75 % dosis pupuk anorganik rekomendasi (DPAR).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi antara pupuk kandang atau sludge dengan 50% DPAR memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung terbaik. Tinggi tanaman mencapai 177,85-195,75 cm, hasil biji pipilan kering antara 4,01-4,45 t/ha dan brangkasan sisa panen antara 4,62-4,58 t/ha. Sebagian besar biomassa jagung terakumulasi padabagian biji (46,20%) dan sisanya tersebar hampir merata pada bagian akar, batang, daun, janggel, dan kelobot. Rasio pipilan kering jagung terhadap brangkasan sisa panen terbesar adalah 89,52% yang dicapai oleh perlakuan sludge disertai pupuk anorganik pada 50% DPAR.pupuk organik, pupuk anorganik, pertumbuhan dan hasil jagun

Affects of Tsunami on Soil Properties in NAD and Its Rehabilitation Strategy

The giant tsunami waves following the earthquake of the west coast of Sumatra on December 26, 2004, have caused soil salinisation of agricultural lands and damaged to irrigation and drainage channels along the coastal areas of Aceh Province, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to monitor the changes in soil salinity of the tsunami-affected sites. Regular collection of soil samples for soil laboratory analyses and field salinity measurement using an electromagnetic induction technique(EM38) have been conducted. The level of soil salinity in tsunami affected areas appears to be related to the characteristics of the deposited mud and soil permeability. Salt appears to have penetrated deeper into the sandier soils, commonly used to grow peanut during dry seasons. In the heavier rice soil, salt accumulate closer to the soil surface, probably because they were flooded at the time of the tsunami and often have a dense impermeable plough layer. Recommendations have been made to farmers that would allow them to reduce crop losses on tsunami affected soils. This includes avoid planting land that is still saline, enhance salt leaching horizontaly and vertically, improve soil fertility, and grow salt tolerant crops