O espaço literário ibérico na última década: Hipóteses para o estudo das fronteiras e das relações entre sistemas

[Resumo] O capítulo desenvolve um quadro metodológico para a análise das relações entre sistemas literários na península Ibérica. Propõe combinar metodologias sociológicas, sistémicas e espaciais. Sem esquecer os processos históricos, estuda a atuonomia das unidades sistémicas, as planificações literárias, culturais e identitárias, a constituição de centros e periferias, as interferências e os conflitos entre sistemas, ou a definição de fronteiras. Coloca em foco alguns processos e práticas das última década, como uma nova planificação institucional das relações galego-portuguesas, as mudanças no modelo Galeusca ou o reconhecimento da poesia galega no campo literário espanhol.[Abstract] This chapter develops a methodological framework for the analysis of the relationships between literary systems in the Iberian Peninsula. This proposal combines sociological, systemic and spatial methodologies. Without neglecting historical processes, it studies the autonomy of systemic units, literary, cultural and identity planning, the constitution of centres and peripheries, interferences and conflicts between systems, or the definition of boundaries. It focuses on some processes and practices of the last decade, such as new institutional planning for Galician-Portuguese relationships, the changes in the Galeusca model, or the recognition of Galician poetry in the Spanish literary field

MIF Participates in Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Pathology Following Oral Infection

BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is essential for controlling parasite burden and survival in a model of systemic Toxoplasma gondii infection. Peroral T. gondii infection induces small intestine necrosis and death in susceptible hosts, and in many aspects resembles inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Considering the critical role of MIF in the pathogenesis of IBD, we hypothesized that MIF participates in the inflammatory response induced by oral infection with T. gondii. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mif deficient (Mif(-/-)) and wild-type mice in the C57Bl/6 background were orally infected with T. gondii strain ME49. Mif(-/-) mice had reduced lethality, ileal inflammation and tissue damage despite of an increased intestinal parasite load compared to wt mice. Lack of MIF caused a reduction of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-23 and an increased expression of IL-22 in ileal mucosa. Moreover, suppressed pro-inflammatory responses at the ileal mucosa observed in Mif(-/-) mice was not due to upregulation of IL-4, IL-10 or TGF-β. MIF also affected the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) but not MMP-2 in the intestine of infected mice. Signs of systemic inflammation including the increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and liver damage were less pronounced in Mif(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, our data suggested that in susceptible hosts MIF controls T. gondii infection with the cost of increasing local and systemic inflammation, tissue damage and death

Incidentaloma gigante de adrenal em paciente jovem

Incidental adrenal tumors are lesions occasionally observed during abdominal US or CT scans. These tumors have been observed in patients without clinical or laboratorial signs of adrenal disease. The authors report a case of a 18 - years - old young man who was admitted to the Franco da Rocha Hospital, São Paulo, with abdominal pain and a palpated mass in the epigastrium which began one month ago. These findings were preceeded by a blunt trauma at the epigastrium three months earlier. First clinical hypothesis was of a traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst. However, investigation and laparotomy showed a large left adrenal solid mass, weighting 700 g. The mass was removed and histology was performed. There was no evidence of malignant neoplasm, then the diagnostic of incidental adenoma of adrenal was confirmed. The authors hope to stimulate surgeons for early detection of these lesions in order to prevent the complications and improve the prognosis