Overcoming the Boundaries: Originality of Problems and Genre Form of the Novel by V. Woolf “Flush”

The article considers the story of the English writer Virginia Woolf “Flush” (1933) as a kind of modernist experimental biography in which the conventions of traditional biography are parodied. The main attention is paid to the unusual choice of the hero of the biography, the Spaniel Flush, the beloved dog of Elizabeth Barrett-Browning, who gave Woolf the opportunity to ironize over “serious” biographies. It is reported that significant events in the life of the famous English poetess are shown through the eyes of her dog, on the one hand, limited by the biological characteristics of perception, on the other hand, free in its judgments. Attention is paid not only to the creative polemic of Woolf with limitations of the biographical genre, but also to how the problems of the position of women in society, also surrounded by a number of restrictions and prohibitions, are revealed in the story. An analysis of the episodes and the role of female characters demonstrates the writer’s attitude to the issue of a woman gaining freedom in society and in her own work. Two main lines of the story, related to overcoming the boundaries of both the biography genre and the restrictions that fetter a woman writer trying to realize her creative and life potential are revealed

Problematics and Composition Originality of P. Ackroyd’s Novel “The Plato Papers”

The composition of the novel by the modern English writer P. Ackroyd “The Plato Papers” in connection with the problems of the work is considered. The review of the last researches devoted to creativity of this author is given. Attention is paid to how the work reveals the problem of interpretation of history, its ambiguity, the concept of the movement of time, progress, the relationship of the past, present and future. The author shows that when shifting the time of the novel in the future, Ackroyd uses the documentary imitation technique, changes narrators and types of narration. The composition of the work consisting of separate small parts connected in a key way by the speaker Plato is analyzed. Such properties of the composition of the analyzed novel as fragmentation and nonlinearity are noted. It is shown how the novel realizes postmodern idea about the relativity of the interpretations of the events of the past. The position of the main character endowed with the gift of insight, able to penetrate into the past, to look from an unusual point of view at the present, to doubt and seek the truth is revealed

Specifics of Artist Image Creation in P. Ackroyd’s Novel “Chatterton”

The theme of creativity represented in P. Ackroyd’s novel “Chatterton” through the images of poets, writers, artists is analyzed. The features of the approach of the writer, the famous English novelist and biographer, to creation of works in the centre of which there is a creative person are revealed. Attention is paid to the complex structure of the novel “Chatterton,” which intertwine different time layers and fates of both fictional characters associated with creativity and famous writers of different centuries. The author reveals the peculiarities of the relationship of the book characters, who are a kind of Chatterton’s doubles, to the process of creating works of art. Special attention is paid to the issue of sources of creative inspiration and recognition of an artist. The author shows how the characters of the novel are connected by common problems that concern each of them, in particular by the interest in the fate of Chatterton, different versions of whose life or appearance they are trying to recreate. It is concluded that the image of creative personalities of different eras helps the writer to create an image of the artist true to his vocation - art, which exists forever and overcomes temporal and spatial limitations of the real world

Duplicity in Novel by M. Spark “Aiding and Abetting”

The article reveals the specifics of the functioning of the phenomenon of duplicity  in  the novel by the English writer M. Spark “Aiding and Abetting” (2000). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this work is viewed from this angle for the first time. An overview of a number of existing approaches to the phenomenon of duality in modern literary criticism is presented. The author analyzes pairs of the main characters of the novel, who are doubles, revealed in similar situations related to the themes of fraud and crime. It is shown that in the novel “Aiding and Abetting” the characters play the roles of both antagonists and carnival counterparts. Particular attention is paid to the  combination  inherent in M. Spark’s work in the works of satirical orientation and postmodern play, which is reflected in the change of the narrative perspective, ambiguity and uncertainty of the finale. The meaning of the title of the work is revealed in the context of the realization of the motive of duality, the main moral problems posed in the novel are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that through the use of doubles, Spark describes the vices of society and the moral degradation of a person

The role of physical culture in the preservation and strengthening of human health

Health is the most important condition of the person, the basis of his lifeactivity. Motor activity as one of the elements of a healthy mode of life is a remedy to strengthening health and rise capacity for work. As a result of active lessons of physical exercises work improves functional organs and systems, rises the protective functions of the organism and psycho-emotional condition of the personЗдоровье – это важнейшее состояние человека, основа его жизнедеятельности. Двигательная активность как один из элементов здорового образа жизни является средством укрепления здоровья и повышения работоспособности. В результате активных занятий физическими упражнениями улучшается работа функциональных органов и систем, повышаются защитные функции организма и психоэмоциональное состояние человек

Neurotic states at students with a hypodynamia

Mental health of the person depends on his physical state. Need of sports exists throughout human life. Restriction of motor activity of a body, lack of physical exercises negatively influences both physical health, and the mental healthПсихическое здоровье человека зависит от его физического состояния. Необходимость занятия спортом существует на протяжении жизни человека. Ограничение моторной деятельности тела, недостаток физических упражнений отрицательно влияет как на физическое здоровье, так и на психическо

Immunotropic effects of vitamin D3 in original rectal suppositories in experimental ulcerative colitis

Increased incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prerequisite for searching new therapeutic approaches, primarily with an opportunity of site-directed impact on the colon lesion. UC pathogenesis is associated with dysregulated immune response, and limited effectiveness of basic therapy for the disorder. Vitamin D3 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other properties, it has been shown to be effective in some autoimmune diseases, thus prompting us to study its effect on immune status in UC. We aimed for studying the effect of vitamin D3, as a component of original rectal suppositories, upon clinical course and indexes of immune status in experimental UC. UC in rats was modeled with 3% oxazolone solution. The vitamin D3-containing suppositories (1500 IU) weighing 300 mg were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 6 days. On days 2, 4 and 6 of UC, the clinical features were assessed as well as blood leukocyte counts, numbers of CD3+, CD45RA+; absorbing and NBT-reducing abilities of blood neutrophils were determined; IgM, IgG, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in serum were also studied.The DAI index increased in non-treated UC, along with raised neutrophil numbers in blood, their absorption and NBT-reducing activity was also increased, the total number of lymphocytes, including CD3+, CD45RA+ became higher, serum concentrations of IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 increased. Local use of vitamin D3 in UC reduces DAI parameters, causes decrease in blood neutrophil counts, reducing and partially restoring absorptive and NBT-reducing abilities of neutrophils, decline of total lymphocyte counts in blood, partially restoring the CD3+ and CD45RA+ numbers, causing decline and partial restoration of serum IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 concentrations. An association between clinical signs and indexes of immune status in UC was established under the conditions of vitamin D3 use. Conclusions: The protective effect of vitamin D3 in UC can be mediated by its antioxidant effect, changes in production of immunoregulatory cytokines, modulation of Th1-, Th2-, Th17-dependent reactions and Treg activity, being a pre-requisite for further studies to clarify the mechanism of vitamin D3 immunotropic action in UC,with an opportunity of using it in clinical practice

Modern Means of Personal Protection of People from Bloodsucking Arthropods

The review focuses on the means of personal protection of people from blood-sucking arthropods, mainly from Ixodidae ticks. Individual (personal) protection of humans is an important component of nonspecific prevention of natural-focal vector-borne diseases. The paper considers statistical data describing the level of significance and relevance of the information about the infections transmitted by ticks, for instance, tick-borne viral encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis etc. Presented are the characteristics of different groups of personal protection means: insectoacaricidal, repellent, and insectoacaricidal-repellent ones. Indicators of their effectiveness are assessed; their practical use, as well as the features of special protective clothing and the necessity of its application is described. The toxicity of protective clothing is reduced through a lining fabric, local inserts of fabric with insectoacaricidal impregnation and the use of underwear. Different interpretation of the term “repellent” in the domestic and foreign literature, and also two different approaches (“Eastern” and “Western”) to the design and manufacture of personal protection means for people against attacks of blood-sucking arthropods, including Ixodidae ticks, in Russia and Western Europe countries and the USA is discussed. The paper highlights the effect of different pyrethroid groups on the behavioral reactions of ticks. It is shown that in the Russian Federation the use of permethrin is prohibited for the treatment of protective clothing against blood-sucking arthropods, in particular against the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus, which is the main vector of dangerous infections across the major part of the country (in the east of the European part, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East)