19 research outputs found
Gravitational wave asteroseismology with fast rotating neutron stars
We investigate damping and growth times of the f-mode for rapidly rotating
stars and a variety of different polytropic equations of state in the Cowling
approximation. We discuss the differences in the eigenfunctions of co- and
counterrotating modes and compute the damping times of the f-mode for several
EoS and all rotation rates up to the Kepler-limit. This is the first study of
the damping/growth time of this type of oscillations for fast rotating neutron
stars in a general relativistic framework. We use these frequencies and
damping/growth times to create robust empirical formulae which can be used for
gravitational wave asteroseismology. The estimation of the damping/growth time
is based on the quadrupole formula and our results agree very well with
Newtonian ones in the appropriate limit.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in PhysRev
An Explanation for the Bimodal Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Millisecond Pulsars from Accretion-Induced Collapse
Cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could be driven by dissipation of pure
electromagnetic energy (Poynting flux) extracted from rapidly rotating compact
objects with strong magnetic fields. One such possibility is a young
millisecond pulsar (MSP) formed from accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a
white dwarf. The combination of an efficient magnetic dynamo, likely operating
during the first seconds of the initially hot and turbulent MSP interior, and
the subsequent modest beaming of gamma-ray emitting outflows, would easily
account for energy constraints. But the remarkable feature of such models is
that they may naturally explain the hitherto unexplained bimodal distribution
in GRB time durations. The two burst classes could correspond to MSPs that form
spinning above and below a gravitationally unstable limit respectively. In the
former case, the spin-down time scale is due to gravitational radiation
emission () while the spin-down time scale of the latter is due to
electromagnetic dipole emission (). These two time scales account for
the short and long GRB durations, i.e. the observed bimodal GRB duration
distribution. A natural prediction is that the short duration GRBs would be
accompanied by strong gravitational radiation emission which is absent from the
longer class. Both would show millisecond variabilities.Comment: 10 pages, Ap
On the Shear Instability in Relativistic Neutron Stars
We present new results on instabilities in rapidly and differentially
rotating neutron stars. We model the stars in full general relativity and
describe the stellar matter adopting a cold realistic equation of state based
on the unified SLy prescription. We provide evidence that rapidly and
differentially rotating stars that are below the expected threshold for the
dynamical bar-mode instability, beta_c = T/|W| ~ 0.25, do nevertheless develop
a shear instability on a dynamical timescale and for a wide range of values of
beta. This class of instability, which has so far been found only for small
values of beta and with very small growth rates, is therefore more generic than
previously found and potentially more effective in producing strong sources of
gravitational waves. Overall, our findings support the phenomenological
predictions made by Watts, Andersson and Jones on the nature of the low-T/|W|.Comment: 20 pages; accepted to the Classical and Quantum Gravity special issue
for MICRA200
Shell sources as a probe of relativistic effects in neutron star models
A perturbing shell is introduced as a device for studying the excitation of
fluid motions in relativistic stellar models. We show that this approach allows
a reasonably clean separation of radiation from the shell and from fluid
motions in the star, and provides broad flexibility in the location and
timescale of perturbations driving the fluid motions. With this model we
compare the relativistic and Newtonian results for the generation of even
parity gravitational waves from constant density models. Our results suggest
that relativistic effects will not be important in computations of the
gravitational emission except possibly in the case of excitation of the neutron
star on very short time scales.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX with 6 eps figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Gravitational waves from a test particle scattered by a neutron star: Axial mode case
Using a metric perturbation method, we study gravitational waves from a test
particle scattered by a spherically symmetric relativistic star. We calculate
the energy spectrum and the waveform of gravitational waves for axial modes.
Since metric perturbations in axial modes do not couple to the matter fluid of
the star, emitted waves for a normal neutron star show only one peak in the
spectrum, which corresponds to the orbital frequency at the turning point,
where the gravitational field is strongest. However, for an ultracompact star
(the radius ), another type of resonant periodic peak appears in
the spectrum. This is just because of an excitation by a scattered particle of
axial quasinormal modes, which were found by Chandrasekhar and Ferrari. This
excitation comes from the existence of the potential minimum inside of a star.
We also find for an ultracompact star many small periodic peaks at the
frequency region beyond the maximum of the potential, which would be due to a
resonance of two waves reflected by two potential barriers (Regge-Wheeler type
and one at the center of the star). Such resonant peaks appear neither for a
normal neutron star nor for a Schwarzschild black hole. Consequently, even if
we analyze the energy spectrum of gravitational waves only for axial modes, it
would be possible to distinguish between an ultracompact star and a normal
neutron star (or a Schwarzschild black hole).Comment: 21 pages, revtex, 11 figures are attached with eps files Accepted to
Phys. Rev.
Shear Viscosity and Oscillations of Neutron Star Crusts
We calculate the electron shear viscosity (determined by Coulomb electron
collisions) for a dense matter in a wide range of parameters typical for white
dwarf cores and neutron star crusts. In the density range from ~10^3 g cm^-3 to
10^7-10^10 g cm^-3 we consider the matter composed of widely abundant
astrophysical elements, from H to Fe. For higher densities, 10^10-10^14 g
cm^-3, we employ the ground-state nuclear composition, taking into account
finite sizes of atomic nuclei and the distribution of proton charge over the
nucleus. Numerical values of the viscosity are approximated by an analytic
expression convenient for applications. Using the approximation of
plane-parallel layer we study eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes and viscous damping
times of oscillations of high multipolarity, l~500-1000, localized in the outer
crust of a neutron star. For instance, at l~500 oscillations have frequencies f
>= 40 kHz and are localized not deeper than ~300 m from the surface. When the
crust temperature decreases from 10^9 K to 10^7 K, the dissipation time of
these oscillations (with a few radial nodes) decreases from ~1 year to 10-15
days.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
The nature of low T/|W| dynamical instabilities in differentially rotating stars
Recent numerical simulations indicate the presence of dynamical instabilities of the f-mode in differentially rotating stars even at very low values of T/|W|, the ratio of kinetic to potential energy. In this Letter we argue that these may be shear instabilities that occur when the degree of differential rotation exceeds a critical value and when the f-mode develops a corotation point associated with the presence of a continuous spectrum. Our explanation, which is supported by detailed studies of a simple shell model, offers a straightforward way of understanding all of the key features of these instabilities
Storage capacity and containment issues for carbon dioxide capture and geological storage on the UK continental shelf
Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be stored in geological formations beneath the UK continental shelf (UKCS) as a greenhouse gas mitigation option. It can be trapped in subsurface reservoirs in structural or stratigraphic traps beneath cap rocks, as a residual CO2 saturation in pore spaces along the CO2 migration path within the reservoir rock, by dissolution into the native pore fluid (most commonly brine), by reaction of acidified groundwater with mineral components of the reservoir rock, or by adsorption onto surfaces within the reservoir rock, e.g. onto the carbonaceous macerals that are the principal components of coal. Estimates of the CO2 storage capacity of oil and gas fields on the UKCS suggest that they could store between 1200 and 3500Ă—106 t of CO2 and up to 6100Ă—106 t CO2, respectively. Estimating the regional CO2 storage potential of saline water-bearing sedimentary rocks is resource-intensive and no UK estimates have yet taken into account all the factors that should be considered. Existing studies estimate the pore volume and the likely CO2 saturation in the closed structures in a potential reservoir formation but do not take account of the potentially limiting regional pressure rise likely to occur as a result of the very large-scale CO2 injection that would be necessary to make an impact on national emissions. There is undoubtedly great storage potential in the saline water-bearing reservoir rocks of the basins around the UK, but the real challenge for studies of aquifer CO2 storage capacity in the UK is perhaps not to estimate the total theoretical CO2 storage capacity, as this is not a particularly meaningful number. Rather it is to thoroughly investigate selected reservoirs perceived to have good storage potential to a standard where there is scientific consensus that the resulting storage capacity estimates are realistic. This will allow it to be considered as closer to the status of a reserve rather than a resource and will help define the scope for CO2 capture and storage in the UK