p53, p21, Rb, MDM2 proteins in tongue carcinoma from patients <35 years

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Reactive osteocartilaginous metaplasia in denture wearers: A rare trauma-related lesion

Objective To present a case of reactive osteocartilaginous metaplasia (ROCM) in the anterior edentulous mandibular ridge. Background The ROCM secondary to chronic mechanical denture trauma is rare and appears as a focal sometimes painful mass on or near the crest of the edentulous alveolar ridge in long-term denture wearers. The literature review disclosed 24 cases involving more commonly the posterior portion of the mandible. Materials and methods An 80-year-old female was referred for the evaluation of a painful, submucosal nodule extending into the vestibular mucosa of the anterior edentulous mandibular region. Microscopically, cartilaginous regions exhibiting sparse hyperchromatic or binucleated chondrocytes transitioned into areas of ossification. Results The diagnosis was ROCM. The presence of osteocartilaginous tissue displaying bizarre histopathological features can create a diagnostic dilemma. Conclusion Complete conservative surgical excision of this lesion has a very good prognosis. Surgical augmentation of the sharp edentulous mandibular ridges might be needed to avoid continuous irritation and possible recurrence. © 2014 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S

Oral acanthosis nigricans in chronic hepatitis B with a 21-year follow up

Acanthosis nigricans is a rare mucocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that manifests as hyperpigmented velvety plaques, most often on intertriginous areas such as the neck and axillae as well as on mucosal sites such as the oral cavity. The disorder presents either as a paraneoplastic manifestation of an underlying malignancy, especially gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas or in association with obesity, administration of drugs or endocrinopathies, most commonly insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. In the present article, a case of acanthosis nigricans with oral and cutaneous manifestations in a male patient with chronic hepatitis B infection is described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of benign oral acanthosis nigricans associated with chronic hepatitis B. © 2011 Japanese Dermatological Association

Factor XIIIa+ dendritic cells and S-100 protein+ Langerhans&apos; cells in adult periodontitis

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of factor XIIIa+ dendritic cells and S-100 protein+ Langerhans&apos; cells in the gingival epithelium and connective tissue of periodontal pockets, before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Background: The microbial flora in periodontal pockets provokes complex immune reactions. Dendritic cells play a critical role in primary and secondary immune responses and are considered as antigen-presenting cells. Factor XIIIa positive dendritic cells and S-100 protein positive Langerhans&apos; cells identified by immunoreactivity against factor XIIIa antigen and S-100 protein, respectively, are two distinct subpopulations of dendritic cells. Methods: Fifty-four gingival tissue samples were obtained from periodontal pockets of initial depth 4-5 mm and ≥6 mm. Each group was subdivided in to three subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of samples taken on baseline day and used as control. The second and third subgroups included those obtained 1 month after plaque and calculus removal, and 1 month after scaling and root planing, respectively, additionally to oral hygiene instructions. The tissues were removed from the palatal gingiva under local anaesthesia during routine periodontal surgery. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against factor XIIIa and S-100 protein was performed to identify dendritic cells positive and Langerhans&apos; cells positive, respectively. Results: Factor XIIIa+ dendritic cell numbers decreased compared to controls after plaque and calculus removal, oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing in periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm, but not in those of ≥6 mm depth. S-100+ Langerhans&apos; cell numbers decreased after periodontal treatment in the periodontal pockets ≥6 mm. Conclusion: These results may reflect a tendency for reduction of these two distinctive subpopulations of dendritic cells after non-surgical periodontal therapy. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004

Oral nodular fasciitis: Report of a case of the buccal mucosa

Nodular fasciitis is a benign, reactive, proliferative spindle-cell lesion, usually located at the subcutaneous tissues or muscle fascia. Clinically, it manifests as a soft-tissue mass with well-defined margins and fixed to the adjacent structures. Because of its rapid growth rate, rich cellularity and relatively high mitotic activity, nodular fasciitis is sometimes misdiagnosed as a sarcoma. Accurate diagnosis is based only on histopathological examination. A rare case of nodular fasciitis of the buccal mucosa in a 50-year-old female patient is presented. © 2010 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery

Atypical methotrexate ulcerative stomatitis with features of lymphoproliferative like disorder: Report of a rare ciprofloxacin-induced case and review of the literature

Methotrexate (MTX) is an established immunomodulating agent used in low doses (LDMTX) to treat several autoimmune diseases. Ulcerative stomatitis (US) may be observed as a long-term LDMTX adverse effect showing a wide histopathologic spectrum. A 73-year old female presented with painful oral ulcers of 5 days duration. The patient had been under treatment for rheumatoid arthritis with LDMTX, while one week before presentation she was prescribed ciprofloxacin for a urinary infection. Histopathologic examination of a lingual ulcer revealed a polymorphous lymphohistiocytic proliferation with scattered binucleated atypical lymphocytes. Immunohistochemically, most cells were of T-cell lineage while the EBER test was negative and a diagnosis of MTX-induced reactive ulceration was rendered. MTX cessation resulted in complete resolution of the ulcers with no recurrences reported so far. The clinical and histopathologic features of MTX-induced oral ulcers are not always diagnostic and a detailed history and an extensive clinicopathologic investigation may be needed to exclude a lymphoproliferative disorder. © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336

Comparison of lateral thermal injury and healing of porcine skin incisions performed by CO2-laser, monopolar electrosurgery and radiosurgery: A preliminary study based on histological and immunohistochemical results

Background Despite the wide application of lasers and electrosurgery in dermatology, the pertinent literature provides conflicting data regarding the lateral thermal injury (LTI) associated with these instruments and its effects on wound healing. This study aims to quantitate the LTI produced by CO2-laser, monopolar electrosurgery (MES), and radiosurgery (MRS) and determine its effects on the healing process (re-epithelialization and inflammatory response) of incisional wounds. Methods Five adult swine of similar weight (22.8-25kg) were submitted to standardized full-thickness incisions on the lateral abdominal skin by the above instruments (at settings similar to those used in clinical practice) and scalpel (control group). Full-thickness specimens from the surgical site were harvested immediately afterwards and 48hours later (days 1 and 3). The animals were euthanized by intravenous administration of propofol and pentobarbital. All specimens were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, cut, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to quantitate the extent of LTI and inflammatory infiltration. Sections of day 3 were stained with the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody to detect Ki-67 as a marker of epithelial cell proliferation adjacently to the incisions. Results LTI was most extensive in the CO2-laser-group but did not differ significantly between MES- and MRS-groups. Immunohistochemistry ascertained significantly greater epithelial cell proliferation in the CO2-laser-group. Inflammatory infiltration was significantly greater in the CO2-laser-group, when compared with the controls but did not differ significantly between the MES/MRS and control groups. Conclusion CO2 laser incisions exhibit more extensive LTI, epithelial cell proliferation, and inflammatory response. Confirmation of these findings requires a greater sample. © 2012 The International Society of Dermatology

Immunohistochemical evaluation of cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in oral granular cell tumor

Purpose. We sought to evaluate the cell proliferation activity and immunohistochemical expression of proteins that promote or inhibit apoptosis in oral granular cell tumor (GCT). Study design. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, a cell proliferation marker; Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein; and caspase-3, a protein implicated in the execution of apoptosis, was performed on tissues from 12 patients with GCT of the tongue. Results. Nuclear immunostaining for Ki-67 was observed only in isolated GCs (less than 2%). All patients exhibited cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 in the majority of tumor cells. Cytoplasmic staining for caspase-3 was also present in more than 50% of GCs in all tumors. Conclusions. GCT cells display low proliferation activity, a finding possibly related to their benign behavior. Caspase-3 expression suggests activation of the apoptotic cascade in the GCs, but persistence of the cells in the tissues could be attributed to the expression of Bcl-2 protein, a molecule that functions as a survival factor

Evaluation of lateral thermal damage and reepithelialization of incisional wounds created by CO2-laser, monopolar electrosurgery, and radiosurgery: A pilot study on porcine oral mucosa

Objective. This study aims to compare lateral thermal damage (LTD) produced by CO2-laser, monopolar electrosurgery (MES), and radiosurgery (MRS) and its effects on the reepithelialization of oral mucosa incisional wounds. Study design. Five adult swine were submitted to standardized incisions at the tongue and gingiva by MES, MRS, CO2-laser and scalpel. Full-thickness specimens were harvested sequentially on days 1 and 3. All specimens were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, cut, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to quantify LTD extent. Sections of day 3 were stained for Ki-67 to assess epithelial proliferation at the incision margins. A multiple linear regression model and an analysis of variance were used to determine the correlation of each instrument with LTD extent and Ki-67 expression respectively. Results. LTD was most extensive in the CO2-laser but did not differ between the MES and MRS groups. No statistically significant differences regarding reepithelialization were noted among the investigated instruments. Conclusions. CO2-laser produced more extensive LTD, without evident impact on reepithelialization. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Increased TNF-α, IL-6 and decreased IL-1β immunohistochemical expression by the stromal spindle-shaped cells in the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws

Objectives: the expression of the osteoclastogenic cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were immunohistochemically evaluated in peripheral (PGCG) and central (CGCG) giant cell granulomas of the jaws in order to determine differences between these two lesions and between the two distinct tumor cell populations (multinucleated, giant cells, MGCs and stromal spindle-shaped cells). Study Design: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 40 PGCG and 40 CGCG were immunohistochemically stained using antibodies against TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-lβ. The percentage of positively stained cells and the staining intensity were assessed to provide a combined immunoreactivity score value. Results: TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-lβ were expressed in all lesions. The CGCG compared to the PGCG showed significantly increased expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased expression of IL-lβ by the spindle-shaped cells and increased expression of IL-lβ by the MGCs. The MGCs demonstrated in comparison to the stromal spindle- shaped cells significantly increased expression of all three cytokines in both PGCG and CGCG. Conclusions: The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-lβ seem to be involved in the growth process of PGCG- and CG CG of the jaws. A possible alteration in the synthesis or/and activity of these cytokines by the stromal spindle cells m the CGCGs may enhance osteolysis through the stimulation of osteoclast progenitor cells, given the fact that the intraosseous lesions cause bone resorption. © Medicina Oral S. L