Porcine adipose-derived stem cells from buccal fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue for future preclinical studies in oral surgery

Introduction: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are progenitor cells used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite subcutaneous adipose tissue being more abundant, the buccal fat pad (BFP) is easily accessible for dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. For this reason, considering the need for preclinical study and the swine as an optimal animal model in tissue engineering applications, we compared the features of porcine ASCs (pASCs) from both tissue-harvesting sites. Methods: ASCs were isolated from interscapular subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScI) and buccal fat pads of six swine. Cells were characterized for their stemness and multipotent features. Moreover, their osteogenic ability when cultured on titanium disks and silicon carbide-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposition fragments, and their growth in the presence of autologous and heterologous serum were also assessed. Results: Independent of the harvesting site, no differences in proliferation, viability, and clonogenicity were observed among all the pASC populations. Furthermore, when induced toward osteogenic differentiation, both ScI- and BFP-pASCs showed an increase of collagen and calcified extracellular matrix (ECM) production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteonectin expression, indicating their ability to differentiate toward osteoblast-like cells. In addition, they differentiated toward adipocyte-like cells, and chondrogenic induced pASCs were able to increase glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production over time. When cells were osteoinduced on synthetic biomaterials, they significantly increased the amount of calcified ECM compared with control cells; moreover, titanium showed the osteoinductive effect on pASCs, also without chemical stimuli. Finally, these cells grew nicely in 10% FBS, and no benefits were produced by substitution with swine serum. Conclusions: Swine buccal fat pad contains progenitor cells with mesenchymal features, and they also osteo-differentiate nicely in association with synthetic supports. We suggest that porcine BFP-ASCs may be applied in preclinical studies of periodontal and bone-defect regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells from Bichat's Fat pad: in vitro comparison with adipose-derived stem cells from subcutaneous tissue

Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are progenitor cells used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since Bichat's fat pad is easily accessible for dentists and maxillo-facial surgeons, we compared the features of ASCs from Bichat's fat pad (BFP-ASCs) with human ASCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC-ASCs). BFP-ASCs isolated from a small amount of tissue were characterized for their stemness and multidifferentiative ability. They showed an important clonogenic ability and the typical mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype. Moreover, when properly induced, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen deposition and lipid vacuoles formation, were promptly observed. Growth of both BFP-ASCs and SC-ASCs in the presence of human serum and their adhesion to natural and synthetic scaffolds were also assessed. Both types of ASCs adapted rapidly to human autologous or heterologous sera, increasing their proliferation rate compared to standard culture condition, and all the cells adhered finely to bone, periodontal ligament, collagen membrane, and polyglycol acid filaments that are present in the oral cavity or are commonly used in oral surgery. At last, we showed that amelogenin seems to be an early osteoinductive factor for BFP-ASCs, but not SC-ASCs, in vitro. We conclude that Bichat's fat pad contains BFP-ASCs with stemness features that are able to differentiate and adhere to biological supports and synthetic materials. They are also able to proliferate in the presence of human serum. For all these reasons we propose BFP-ASCs for future therapies of periodontal defects and bone regeneration

Reperimento del nervo accessorio spinale nello svuotamento laterocervicale radicale modificato

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Ausilio della sterolitografia nel rimodellamento dei lembi microvascolarizzati

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Ricostruzione cutanea del naso

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temporal myofascial flap in reconstructive surgery of thr oral cavity

AIM: The temporal myofascial flap is a simple, rapid and reliable surgical method for immediate reconstruction of facial defects: indications in the light of modern anatomical knowledge and personal experience, with the accent on achieving an appropriate access route without damaging the facial nerve. METHODS: Our series covers the period from January 1999 to December 2004, during which time myofascial flaps of temporal muscle were used for immediate reconstruction in 20 surgical oncological cases involving the face and neck. RESULTS: Postoperative progress was regular; no lesions of the facial nerve were observed, nor any cases of flap necrosis, including partial. Epithelialisation could already be observed as early as 15 days postsurgery without skin grafting being employed. CONCLUSIONS: Application of a Medpor prosthesis eliminates the only negative outcome from the aesthetic standpoint, related to harvesting the muscle from the fossa

Study on stem/stromal cells from buccal fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue for periodontal and oral bone regeneration in vitro

Oral bone lost represents an important issue in maxillo-facial and dental surgery. In order to identify an easy tool in oral tissue engineering, we studied human adipose derived-stem/stromal cells from Bichat\u2019s fat pad (BFP-ASCs), compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC-ASCs), and their interactions with oral tissues, scaffolds and a bioactive oral molecule (amelogenin). All the ASCs showed a high clonogenicity and the typical mesenchymal stem cells immunophenotype; additionally, when properly induced, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers, such as ALP activity, collagen deposition and lipid vacuoles formation, become evident. Both BFP- and SC-ASCs adhered finely to bone, periodontal ligament, collagen membrane and polyglycol acid filaments and they maintained their osteodifferentiation potential in the presence of amelogenin. In particular, this enamel matrix protein seems to be an early osteoinductive factor for BFP-ASCs, whereas this effect is not manifested for SC-ASCs. Moreover, to improve a future cellular therapy eliminating the concerns about contact with animal proteins, we tested cells growth in the presence of autologous and heterologous serum (HAS and HHS, respectively). Interestingly, both ASCs adapted rapidly to HAS or HHS increasing their proliferation rates compared to standard culture condition. We conclude that ASCs are suitable in oral tissue engineering, and that BFP-ASCs, more accessible for dentists, are prone to respond to stimuli naturally secreted in the oral cavity; for this reason, we suggest them for future therapies of periodontal defects and oral bone regeneration

Combined technique for the correction of prominent ears: Results in 140 patients

We present our assessment of a combined technique for the correction of prominent ears in 140 patients between 1991 and 2007. We had no major complications, and minor complications including extrusion of a stitch, granuloma around a suture, hypertrophic scarring, and superficial ulceration on the anterior side of the helix developed in nine patients. Two also developed residual asymmetry. A good aesthetic result was achieved in all cases

Study on Stem/Stromal Cells from Buccal Fat Pad and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue for Periodontal and Oral Bone Regeneration In Vitro

Oral bone lost represents an important issue in maxillo-facial and dental surgery. In order to identify an easy tool in oral tissue engineering, we studied human adipose derived-stem/stromal cells from Bichat\u2019s fat pad (BFP-ASCs), compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC-ASCs), and their interactions with oral tissues, scaffolds and a bioactive oral molecule (amelogenin). All the ASCs showed a high clonogenicity and the typical mesenchymal stem cells immunophenotype; additionally, when properly induced, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation markers, such as ALP activity, collagen deposition and lipid vacuoles formation, become evident. Both BFP- and SC-ASCs adhered finely to bone, periodontal ligament, collagen membrane and polyglycol acid filaments and they maintained their osteodifferentiation potential in the presence of amelogenin. In particular, this enamel matrix protein seems to be an early osteoinductive factor for BFP-ASCs, whereas this effect is not manifested for SC-ASCs. Moreover, to improve a future cellular therapy eliminating the concerns about contact with animal proteins, we tested cells growth in the presence of autologous and heterologous serum (HAS and HHS, respectively). Interestingly, both ASCs adapted rapidly to HAS or HHS increasing their proliferation rates compared to standard culture condition. We conclude that ASCs are suitable in oral tissue engineering, and that BFP-ASCs, more accessible for dentists, are prone to respond to stimuli naturally secreted in the oral cavity; for this reason, we suggest them for future therapies of periodontal defects and oral bone regeneration

Buccal fat pad as a novel source for Adipose-derived Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells constitute an interesting tool in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. A rich source of these cells is the adipose tissue with its easy harvesting and abundant cells yield. Here, we suggest the buccal fat pad as a new interesting source for Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs). In this study we isolated, characterized and compared ASCs from the subcutaneous interscapular region (ASC IS) and from the buccal fat pad (ASC BP) of three minipigs and three pigs. The cellular yield seemed to be influenced by the site of harvesting only for the pig were the quantity of cells isolated from the BP is reduced compared to that from IS. Anyway, regardless of the site of withdrawal, after a month of culture, both minipig ASCs and pig ASCs were able to produce at least 108 cells. Moreover the clonogenic ability of all these ASCs at early passages (I to IV) was quite high (about 19%) and stable. No differences were observed between the animal sources. Next, all the four types of cells cultured in the presence of osteogenic stimuli were able to differentiate respect to the control cells. At IV passage, for example, we observed a significant increase of collagen production (about 97% for ASCs IS and 290% for ASCs BP) and of extracellular calcified matrix deposition (about 159% for ASC IS and 117% for ASCs BP). Our in vitro results suggest that also ASCs isolated from BP could constitute a promising tool for tissue engineering and bone regeneration