Sociodemografija: istraživanje ponašanja studenata pri konzumaciji alkohola u pet zemalja

This study is a pioneering endeavour, in which researchers from five different countries collaborated to provide more insights into the drinking behaviour of university students, a group of consumers characterised by frequent and often dangerous drinking behaviour. A total of 1704 students were included in this study that investigated various socio-demographic variables and drinking habits. The results showed students in certain countries (Ireland, South Africa and Bosnia and Herzegovina engaged in hazardous drinking, while students in other countries (Croatia and Portugal), displayed safer alcohol drinking behaviour. In addition, male respondents in general consumed significantly more alcohol than female students. This study enriches the literature on international alcohol consumption behaviour among university students, and the results can be used by policy makers to address the issue of alcohol abuse that is frequently associated with this cohort of consumers.Ovaj rad rezultat je kolaboracije istraživača iz pet zemalja, u čijem je fokusu ponašanje studenata pri konzumaciji alkohola. Studenti su skupina koju karakterizira česta i rizična konzumacija alkohola. Na uzorku od 1704 studenta analizirane su sociodemografske varijable i navike u konzumaciji alkohola. Rezultati pokazuju da u nekima od zemalja studenti uglavnom pripadaju skupini s karakteristikama opasne konzumacije alkohola (Irska, Južna Afrika i Bosna i Hercegovina), dok u nekima (Hrvatska, Portugal) pripadaju skupini sigurnije konzumacije alkohola. Utvrđeno je da u svim zemljama muškarci konzumiraju znatno više alkohola nego žene. Ovo istraživanje obogaćuje postojeća međunarodna istraživanja o konzumaciji alkohola te može pomoći kreatorima socijalne politike u rješavanju problema nepoželjne konzumacije alkohola ove skupine potrošača

Implementing efficient and effective learnerships in the construction industry

The original publication is available at http://www.sajip.co.zaOrientation: Overcoming skills deficits has been a major concern in South Africa since the advent of democracy in 1994. Research purpose: This study investigated the current state of the learnership system in the construction sector and identified the major obstacles. Motivation for the study: The study was an attempt to illustrate why it is necessary to implement efficient and effective learnerships in the construction industry Research design, approach and method: A learnership evaluation framework was developed and indicated the critical factors for efficient and effective learnership implementation as well as the roles of the various key stakeholders. The sample included respondents from building and civil companies (n = 90), learners (n = 135), accredited training providers (n = 14) and Construction Education and Training Authority and industry-related bodies (n = 10). Main findings: It was found that descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and a content analysis of the Western Cape data indicated that, despite low satisfaction with the system in the workplace and among institutional providers, the learnership system was nevertheless regarded as an appropriate means to develop artisans. Practical/managerial implications: Companies were motivated to offer learnerships but felt inadequately prepared for actual implementation. Learnerships were felt to demonstrate effectiveness in terms of employability and skills enhancement. Contribution/value-add: This research provides a theoretical framework to understand, describe and assess the implementation of efficient and effective learnerships in the construction industry.Publisher's versio

Improvisational theatre as team development intervention for climate for work group innovation

Original publication is available at http://www.sajip.co.zaCITATION: Kirsten, B. & Du Preez, R. 2010. Improvisational theatre as team development intervention for climate for work group innovation. SA Journal for Industrial Psychology, 36(1):1-9. doi: 10.4102/sajip.v36i1.862Orientation: Changes in business environments have resulted in a need for the development of innovative teams. Improvisational theatre as a technique could contribute to the understanding of how individuals can work together and be innovative. Research purpose and motivation: This study evaluates the influence of a team development intervention utilising improvisational theatre exercises on innovative work group climate. Research design, approach and method: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was employed with an experimental group and a control group from a healthcare managerial division. Main findings: Repeated-measures ANOVA results indicated that for innovative work group climate as a whole, as well as for three of its factors, namely participative safety, vision, and task orientation, the experimental group’s scores improved significantly (p < 0.05). Support for innovation did not show significant differences. Practical/Managerial implications: This research has shown that improvisational theatre is a team development tool that can be used to assist work teams in creating a climate for innovation. Contribution/value-add: This study extends the body of knowledge in the field of team building and highlights the contribution that improvisational theatre can make toward the development of work teamsPublisher's versio

Towards a 21st century university : teachings from consumer behaviour applicable to higher education

CITATION: Du Preez, R. 2015. Towards a 21st century university : teachings from consumer behaviour applicable to higher education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(5):140–155, doi:10.20853/29-5-526.The original publication is available at http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/sajheThe South African higher education landscape has changed dramatically over the past 25 years. The purpose of this conceptual article is to challenge higher education institutions (HEIs) to learn/draw from a wider spectrum of knowledge domains in their quest toward a 21st century university. The author argues that the rich body of theoretical knowledge which is contained in the domain of consumer psychology can contribute generously to the understanding of the behaviour of a principle stakeholder, namely, the student. The four teachings include: first, develop and manage your corporate and brand image; second, determine the valence of decision-making criteria and market accordingly; third, research your consumer target market; and, finally, attend to consumer needs. Five challenges are presented to HEIs (specifically universities) in South Africa and recommendations for future research are made.http://www.journals.ac.za/index.php/sajhe/article/view/526Publisher's versio

Apparel shopping behaviour. Part 1, Towards the development of a conceptual theoretical model

CITATION: Du Preez, R. 2003. Apparel shopping behaviour – Part 1: Towards the development of a conceptual theoretical model. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(3):11-14, doi: 10.4102/sajip.v29i3.111.The original publication is available at http://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/article/view/111Apparel shopping behaviour in a multicultural society is a complex phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to analyse various theoretical models from two disciplines, namely Consumer Behaviour and Clothing, and to develop a new conceptual theoretical model focussing on variables influencing apparel shopping behaviour in a multicultural consumer society. Variables were presented as market dominated, consumer dominated, and/or market and consumer interaction variables. Retailers, marketers, educators, researchers and students could benefit from the proposed model and recommendations are made in this regard. Part 2 reports on an empirical study based on the proposed conceptual theoretical model and discusses market segments and profiles.Klere-aankoopgedrag in ’n multi-kulturele verbruikersamelewing is ’n komplekse fenomeen. Die doelwit van die artikel is om verskeie teoretiese modelle vanuit twee dissiplines, naamlik Verbruikersielkunde en Kleding, te analiseer. ’n Nuwe konseptuele teoretiese model is ontwikkel. Die model fokus op veranderlikes wat klereaankoopgedrag in ’n multi-kulturele verbruikersamelewing beïnvloed. Veranderlikes word gegroepeer op grond van die mate waartoe dit oorheers word deur die mark, verbruiker en/of die interaksie tussen die mark en die verbruiker. Kleinhandelaars, bemarkers, opvoeders, navorsers en studente sou kon voordeel trek uit die voorgestelde model. Aanbevelings word in dié verband gemaak. In Deel 2 word ’n empiriese studie gerapporteer. Dié studie is op hierdie voorgestelde konseptuele teoretiese model gegrond en marksegmente sowel as profiele word bespreek.http://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/article/view/111Publishers' versio

Female apparel shopping behaviour within a multi-cultural consumer society : variables, market segments, profiles and implications

Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society is a complex phenomenon. This study set out to identify the variables that influence female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society and to determine whether distinct clusters of female apparel shoppers could be identified. Three theoretical models from the two study disciplines, Consumer Behaviour and Clothing and Textiles, were investigated, i.e. the Sproles Model of Fashion Adoption, the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard Model of Consumer Decision-Process Behaviour and De Klerk's Clothing Consumer Decision-making Model. These models were synthesised and developed further into a new conceptual theoretical model of variables influencing female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society. The Macro conceptual theoretical model presented the variables under market dominated variables, market and consumer interaction variables and consumer dominated variables. The scope of the study was delimited by the choice of two primary variables under each classification, for further investigation. The variables investigated were: the place of distribution, the apparel product, shopping orientation, patronage behaviour, socio-cultural influences (family, lifestyle and culture) and demographics. An overview of the South African apparel industry was provided and future trends in retailing were highlighted. Literature on shopping orientation as a variable was extensively studied, resulting in a proposed new classification system. Lifestyle and cultural consciousness, i.e. the individualist and collectivist orientation, and the impact thereof on female apparel shopping behaviour were investigated. Data for this exploratory study were generated by means of a store-intercept research method. A questionnaire was developed and trained fieldworkers undertook in-store interviews with approximately eight hundred female apparel shoppers representative of three population groups, African/black, coloured and white. The data analysis yielded acceptable questionnaire reliability and multivariate statistics showed shopping orientation and lifestyle to be multi-dimensional constructs with three components each. The three shopping orientation components were labelled shopping selfconfidence and enjoyment; credit-prone, brand-conscious and fashion innovator and local store patronage. A Yuppie lifestyle, apparel-orientated lifestyle and a traditional lifestyle were the three labels ascribed to the lifestyle components. Three clusters of female apparel shoppers were formed by means of cluster analysis, according to the three components of lifestyle and shopping orientation respectively, the two cultural consciousness scales and eleven patronage behaviour items. A demographic profile of each cluster completed the typology of the three female apparel shopper groups. Group one was the largest (49%) and was labelled Actualisers. Group two (28%) was labelled Strugglers and group three (22%) Aspirationals. The female apparel shopper could therefore be successfully segmented into distinct market segments with statistically significant differences in profiles. The profiles showed similarities to international and South African typology research. The results are presented in a conceptual model. The following main implications for manufacturers, marketers, retailers, researchers, educators and students can be stated: .:. Knowledge regarding consumers will be of paramount importance for survival in the competitive and more globally orientated 21st century . •:. The female apparel market is not homogeneous. Different groups of consumers require different types of products and will evaluate them differently. Modern technology such as CAD, EDI, QR and CIM should be implemented to assist stakeholders in this regard. Fashion changes rapidly and if the window of opportunity is not seized, it is lost . •:. Different advertising and marketing strategies are necessary to reach the various female apparel shopper groups. Special attention should be given to advertising approaches and media vehicles that will gain the attention of the various groups . •:. Electronic retailing and marketing will form a large part of future retailing and marketing activities. Stakeholders should be geared towards seizing these opportunities for growth. .:. Researchers, educators and students will benefit from the application of the Conceptual Theoretical Model - a Macro perspective. It could provide a conceptual framework for curriculum development, be used as an evaluation tool and assist in the understanding of the complexities of variables impacting on female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society. Recommendations for future research were made in order to encourage researchers to research the complex nature of female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society scientifically.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vroueklere aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap is 'n komplekse fenomeen. Hierdie studie poog om die veranderlikes wat vroueklere aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap beïnvloed, te identifiseer en om te bepaal of onderskeibare groepe vroulike verbruikers geïdentifiseer kan word. Drie teoretiese modelle vanuit die twee dissiplines, naamlik Verbruikersgedrag en Kleding en Tekstiele, is ondersoek, naamlik: die Sproles Model van Modeaanvaarding (Sproles Model of Fashion Adoption), die Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model van Verbruikersbesluitnemingsproses-gedrag (Engel-Blackwell-Miniard Model of Consumer Decision-Process Behaviour) asook De Klerk se Kledingverbruikerbesluitnemingsmodel. (De Klerk's Clothing Consumer Decision-making Model). Hierdie modelle is gesintetiseer en verder ontwikkel tot 'n nuwe konseptueie teoretiese model van veranderlikes wat vroueklere-aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap beïnvloed. Die Makro konseptueie teoretiese model orden veranderlikes onder mark-gedomineerde veranderlikes, mark- en verbruiker-interaksie-veranderlikes en verbruiker-gedomineerde veranderlikes. Die omvang van die studie is begrens deur die keuse van twee primêre veranderlikes onder elke groepering vir verdere studie. Die bestudeerde veranderlikes sluit die volgende in: plek van distribusie, die klereproduk, aankooporiëntasie, winkelvoorkeurgedrag, sosio-kulturele invloede (familie, lewenstyl en kultuur) asook demografie. 'n Oorsig van die Suid-Afrikaanse kledingindustrie word gegee en toekomstige tendense in die kleinhandel word uitgelig. Literatuur rakende aankooporiëntasie as veranderlike is breedvoerig bestudeer en resulteer in 'n nuwe klassifikasie stelsel. Lewenstyl en kulturele bewustheid, nl. die individualistiese versus kollektivistiese oriëntasie, en die impak daarvan op vroue se klere-aankoopgedrag is ondersoek. Data vir hierdie verkennende navorsing is verkry deur respondente in winkels te nader (store-intercept research method). Vir hierdie eksploratiewe studie is 'n vraelys ontwikkel en opgeleide veldwerkers het onderhoude (binne winkels) met ongeveer aghonderd vroue klereverbruikers, verteenwoordigend van drie populasie groepe, nl. Swart, Kleurling en Blank gevoer. Die data ontleding dui op aanvaarbare vraelys betroubaarheid. Die meervoudige veranderlike statistiek resultate toon aan dat aankooporiëntasie en lewenstyl multi-dimensionele konstrukte is, met onderskeidelik drie komponente elk. Die drie aankooporiëntasie komponente is benoem as aankoop selfvertroue en genot (shopping self-confidence and enjoyment); krediet geneigdheid, handelsmerk bewustheid sowel as mode innoveerder (credit prone, brand conscious and fashion innovator) en plaaslike winkelvoorkeur (local store patronage). Die Yuppie lewenstyl (Yuppie lifestyle); klere georienteerde lewenstyl (apparel orientated lifestyle) en tradisionele lewenstyl (traditional lifestyle) was die drie name wat aan die lewenstyle komponente toegeskryf is. Drie groepe vroulike klere aankopers is gevorm met behulp van trosanalise. Die trosanalise is gedoen op grond van die drie komponente van lewenstyl en aankooporiëntasie onderskeidelik, die twee kulturele bewustheid skale en die elf winkelvoorkeur gedrag items. Die tipering van die drie groepe is aangevul deur 'n demografiese profiel. Groep een was die grootste (49%) en is genoem Aktualiseerders (Actualisers). Groep twee (28%) is genoem Sukkelaars (StruggIers) en groep drie (22%) Aspireerders (Aspirationals). Die vroulike klere aankoper kon derhalwe suksesvol gesegmenteer word in duidelik onderskeibare segmente met statisties beduidende verskille in die profiele. Die profiele toon ooreenkomste met internasionale en Suid-Afrikaanse tipologie navorsing. konseptueie model. Die resultate word aangetoon in 'n Die volgende hoof implikasies vir vervaardigers, bemarkers, kleinhandelaars, navorsers, opvoedkundiges en studente kan gestel word: .:. Kennis rakende verbruikers sal krities wees vir oorlewing in die kompeterende en globaal georiënteerde 21ste eeu. •:. Die vroue klere mark is nie homogeen nie. Verskillende groepe verbruikers vereis verskillende tipes produkte en sal dit derhalwe verskillende evalueer. Moderne tegnologie soos rekenaar gesteunde ontwerp, elektroniese data interaksie, vinnige respons en rekenaar geintegreerde vervaardiging moet geïmplimenteer word ten einde alle belanghebbendes te ondersteun in hierdie verband. Mode verander vinnig en indien geleenthede nie aangegryp word nie, is dit verlore . •:. Verskillende bemarking en reklame strategieë is nodig ten einde die verskillende groepe vroue klere verbruikers te bereik. Spesifieke aandag moet geskenk word aan die advertensie aanslag en media voertuie wat die aandag van die onderskeie groepe sal trek . •:. Elektroniese kleinhandel en bemarking sal 'n groot komponent van die toekomstige kleinhandel en bemarkingsaktiwiteite beslaan. Belanghebbendes moet ingestel wees om hierdie geleenthede vir groei aan te gryp . •:. Navorsers, opvoeders en studente sal voordeel trek uit die toepassing van die Konseptueie Teoretiese Model - 'n Makro Perspektief. Hierdie model kan dien as 'n konseptueie raamwerk waarbinne kurrikulering kan plaasvind, asook aangewend word as evaluasie instrument. Die model kan ook hulp verleen ten einde die komplekse aard van die veranderlikes wat vroue klere aankoopgedrag beïnvloed in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikergemeenskap, te verstaan. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gemaak ten einde toekomstige navorsers aan te moedig om op 'n wetenskaplik verantwoordbare wyse die komplekse aard van vroueklere-aankoopgedrag binne 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap, na te vors

Human factors causing medication administration errors as self-reported by registered professional nurses

Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Medication administration is a core function of the registered professional nurse, yet multiple human factors cause errors to happen in the administration process, with a negative impact on patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine the human factors as self-reported by registered professional nurses which cause medication administration errors. The study objectives were set to determine what are the human factors the registered professional nurses report to be the cause of medication administration errors in their own practice; determine whether a lack of knowledge and skills contributed to medication administration errors; establish the current orientation and in-service training related to medication administration and describe the availability of policies related to medication administration and the frequency of monitoring and evaluation practices. The research question asked was “What are the human factors that cause medication administration errors amongst registered professional nurses?” A non-experimental, descriptive design with a quantitative approach was applied. The total population of N=120 registered professional nurses working in units that administer medications in a public health care institution, were invited to participate in the study. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Reliability and validity were assured through means of a pilot study, consultation with nursing and pharmacy experts, the study supervisor, co-supervisor and a statistician. Reliability was further assured by applying the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test with the coefficients being 0,78 – 0,95. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Stellenbosch (S14/08/161). Permission for access to the healthcare institution was obtained from the Provincial Department of Health and a public healthcare institution. Informed consent was obtained from the participants before data collection took place over a three-week period. A response rate of n=88(73.3%) was obtained. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed with the support of the statistician by utilising the SPSS version 22 (IBM) program. Results are presented in bar graphs, histograms and tables. Comparisons of variables were done with the application of the Spearman correlation test, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis H tests and Pearson chi-square tests. The results indicated the following main human factors that cause medication administration errors: medicine knowledge deficits (67%) and lack of training about adverse drug effects (60.8%), work pressure (75%) and high nurse to patient ratio’s (63%), distractions (69%) and non-adherence to medication administration policies (64%). Results showed an increase in age (p<0.01; r=-.314), level of experience as a registered professional nurse (RPN) and experience in administering medication (p<0.01; r=-.325) resulted in a decrease in the number of nurses who reported to make errors due to work pressure. An increase in experience as a RPN (p=0.01; r=-.258) and in administering medication (p<0.01; r=-.284) resulted in decreasing the number of mistakes despite high patient/nurse ratios. Recommendations include the development of adequate quality processes and riskmanagement strategies. Furthermore, it includes strengthening of the ‘five rights’ principle of medication administration and the introduction of the continuing professional development model, with the focus on establishment of a medication skills laboratory, which may assist in the reduction of medication administration errors to improve patient safety.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: verpleegkundige, tog veroorsaak verskeie menslike faktore dat foute gebeur in die toedieningsproses met ‘n negatiewe impak op die veiligheid van pasiënte. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat die menslike faktore is wat medikasie-toedieningsfoute veroorsaak soos self gerapporteer deur geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges. Die doelwitte van die studie was gestel om te bepaal watter menslike faktore word gerapporteer deur die geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges wat die oorsaak is van medikasietoedieningsfoute in hul eie praktyk; om te bepaal of ‘n gebrek aan kennis en vaardighede bygedra het tot medikasie-toedieningsfoute; om die huidige oriëntasie en indiensopleiding rakende medkasie-toedieningsfoute te bepaal en om die beskikbaarheid van beleide rakende medikasie-toediening en die frekwensie van monitoring en evaluering praktyke te beskryf. Die navorsingsvraag wat gevra was is, "Watter menslike faktore veroorsaak medikasie-toedieningsfoute onder geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges?” ’n Nie-eksperimentele, beskrywende ontwerp met ‘n kwantitatiewe benadering is gebruik. Die totale bevolking van N=120 geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges werksaam in eenhede wat medikasie toedien in ‘n openbare gesondheidsorginstelling is genooi om deel te neem aan die studie. ’n Gestruktureerde, self-toegediende vraelys is gebruik om data in te samel. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur middel van ‘n loodsstudie, in oorlegpleging met verpleeg- en apteekkenners, die studie toesighouer, medetoesighouer en ‘n statistikus. Betroubaarheid is verder verseker deur die toepassing van die Cronbach Alfakoëffisiënttoets met die koëffisiënte van 0,78 – 0,95. Etiese goedkeuring is verkry van die Etiese Navorsingskomitee vir Gesondheid van die Universiteit Stellenbosch (S14/08/161). Toestemming vir toegang tot die gesondheidsorginstelling is verkry van die Provinsiale Departement van Gesondheid en die openbare gesondheidsorginstelling. Ingeligte toestemming is verkry van die deelnemers voordat data insameling oor ‘n periode van 3 weke plaasgevind het. ’n Reaksie-koers van n=88(73.3%) is verkry. Beskrywende en inferensiële ontledings is gedoen met die hulp van die statistikus deur gebruik te maak van die SPSS weergawe 22 (IBM) program en word verduidelik deur middel van staafgrafieke, histogramme en tabelle. Die veranderlikes is vergelyk deur die toepassing van Spearmen korrelasietoetse, Mann- Whitney U-toetse, Kruskal-Wallis H H-toetse en Pearson Chi-vierkanttoetse. Die resultate het die volgende menslike faktore uitgewys wat medikasie-toedieningsfoute veroorsaak: gebrek aan medikasie kennis (67%) en gebrek aan opleiding oor nadelige medikasie effekte (60.8%), werksdruk (75%) en hoë verpleegkundige pasiëntverhoudings (63%), afleidings (69%) en nie-nakoming van medikasie-administrasie beleide (64%). Beduidende resultate het aangedui dat ‘n toename in ouderdom (p<0.01; r=-.314), ondervinding as geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges en in die toediening van medikasie (p<0.01; r=-.325) gelei het tot ‘n afname in verpleegkundiges wat gerapporteer het dat hul foute gemaak het vanweë werksdruk. ‘n Toename in ondervinding as geregistreerde professionele verpleegkundiges (p=0.01; r=-.258) en in die toediening van medikasie (p<0.01; r=-.284) het gelei tot ‘n afname in foute ten spyte van ‘n hoë pasiënt/verpleegkundige verhouding. Aanbevelings sluit die ontwikkeling van voldoende kwaliteitprosesse en risikobestuurstrategieë in. Verder sluit dit in die versterking van die “vyf regte” beginsel van medikasie-toediening en bekendstelling van die voortgesette professionele ontwikkelingsmodel, met die fokus om ‘n medikasie-vaardigheidslabarotorium te ontwikkel wat mag help met die vermindering van medikasie-toedieningsfoute ter verbetering van pasiëntveiligheid.

Apparel shopping orientation : two decades of research

CITATION: Visser, E.M. & Du Preez, R. 2001. Apparel shopping orientation: Two decades of research. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 29: 72-81, doi:org/10.4314/jfecs.v29i1.52817.The original publication is available at http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfecs/article/view/52817Shopping orientation is a complex and multidimensional concept. Defining shopping orientation is extremely difficult, due to numerous interrelated variables. Although the concept shopping orientation is described by researchers from various perspectives, certain major variables (or concepts) are repeated in the different descriptions. Stone (1954) introduced the concept shopping orientation. He referred to shopping lifestyles or shoppers’ styles that place emphasis on certain activities in particular. Other researchers added to this definition by pointing out that shopping-specific lifestyles encompass shopping activities, interests, and opinions. The definitions of shopping orientation reflect a view of shopping as a complex personal, economic, social and recreational phenomenon (Darden & Howell, 1987; Hawkins et al, 1989:641; Kwon et al, 1991; Shim & Bickle, 1994; Shim & Kotsiopulos, 1992a; Shim & Kotsiopulos, 1993; Shim & Mahoney, 1992).http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfecs/article/view/52817Publishers' versio

A sample survey of computer-based training with reference to success criteria and remedial procedures

CITATION: McElligott, D. L. & Du Preez, R. 2000. A sample survey of computer-based training with reference to success criteria and remedial procedures. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 26(1):11-17, doi: 10.4102/sajip.v26i1.693.The original publication is available at http://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/article/view/693The aim of the study is to conduct an investigation into the status-quo of computer-based training (CBT) at one of the leading Life Assurance companies in South Africa. The investigation comprises the development of a generic theoretical taxonomy of successful CBT which identi¢es the theoretical macro and micro criteria for successful CBTand its implementation. Core di¡erences between the ideal and actual CBT in practice are identi¢ed. Results indicate that the CBTat the company satis¢es the majority of the micro and macro success criteria. A few inadequacies are identi¢ed. Recommendations are made with regards to various remedial procedures.The incorporation of the theoretical taxonomy and the remedial procedures would serve to increase the success of companies CBTand could result in a highly e⁄cient and e¡ective CBT programme.Die doel van die studie is die ondersoek na die huidige status van rekenaar-gesteunde-opleiding aan een van die vooraanstaande Lewensversekeringsinstansies in Suid-Afrika. Die studie sluit die ontwikkeling van ‘n generiese teoretiese taksonomie vir suksesvolle rekenaar-gesteunde-opleiding in, ten einde teoretiese makro en mikro sukseskriteria van rekenaar-gesteunde-opleiding daar te stel. Kernverskille tussen die¤ ideaal en rekenaar-gesteunde opleiding in die praktyk word ge|«denti¢seer. Resultate toon dat rekenaar-gesteunde-opleiding by die betrokke instansie grootliks aan die meeste mikro en makro sukseskriteria voldoen.‘n Aantal tekortkominge word ge|«denti¢seer.Verskeie aanbevelings ten opsigte van regstellende prosedures word gemaak. Die implementering van die teoretiese taksonomie en regstellende prosedures in organisasies wat tans van rekenaar-gesteunde-opleiding opleiding gebruik maak, kan lei tot ‘n meer e¡ektiewe en doeltre¡ende rekenaar-gesteunde-opleidings program.http://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/article/view/693Publishers' versio

Job Demands and Resources as Antecedents of Work Engagement: A Diagnostic Survey of Nursing Practitioners

The global scarcity of nursing staff is a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and creative solutions are needed to address this shortage. Work engagement of nursing practitioners is one essential factor in ensuring a sustainable nursing workforce and sustainable healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, we diagnose the work engagement of nursing practitioners to identify the antecedents of work engagement of nursing practitioners of different nursing and age categories (using the Job Demands and Resources model). Secondly, we propose feasible remedial actions to healthcare management. A quantitative, ex post facto design was followed and data analysis included item analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings confirmed work engagement deficiencies. As antecedents, the job resources remuneration, participation, career possibilities, variety at work, independence at work, opportunities to learn, and information require intervention. The job demands of pace and amount of work, mental load, emotional load, ambiguities of work, and uncertainty about the future were also deficient. Feasible, practical recommendations were proposed for each work engagement antecedent that was found to be at an unfavourable level and therefore require intervention. A distinction was made between interventions for nursing staff of different ages and nursing categories where relevant. Significant contributions of this paper include the identification of work engagement deficiencies among nursing staff and mores, specifically the job demands and resources that will increase the work engagement of nursing practitioners in support of a sustainable South African healthcare system