Wake Measurements and Loss Evaluation in a Controlled Diffusion Compressor Cascade

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929120The results of two component laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) surveys made in the near wake (to one fifth chord) of a controlled diffusion (CD) compressor blade in a large-scale cascade wind tunnel are reported. The measurements were made at three positive incidence angles from near design to angles thought to approach stall. Comparisons were made with calibrated pressure probe and hot-wire wake measurements and good agreement was found. The flow was found to be fully attached at the trailing edge at all incidence angles and the wake profiles were found to be highly skewed. Despite the precision obtained in the wake velocity profiles, the blade loss could not be evaluated accurately without measurements of the pressure field. The blade trailing edge surface pressures and velocity profiles were found to be consistent with downstream pressure probe measurements of loss, allowing conclusions to be drawn concerning the design of the trailing edge

Proteomas de huevos de ampuláridos con estrategias de oviposición aérea y sumergida

La familia Ampullariidae presenta dos estrategias de desove muy diferentes: dentro del agua en masas gelatinosas y fuera del agua en masas calcificadas y casi siempre coloreadas. Se ha postulado que la adquisición del desove fuera del agua representó un hecho clave en la historia evolutiva del grupo, pues las especies con esta estrategia reproductiva están más ampliamente distribuidas y tienen mayor número de especies; el origen evolutivo de dicha estrategia, sin embargo, no está claro pues los géneros que la comparten (Pila y Pomacea) estarían evolutivamente distantes. Los componentes del fluido perivitelino de los huevos, especialmente sus proteínas, han sido ampliamente estudiados y sus propiedades se han vinculado con la mencionada ventaja del desove fuera del agua. La mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en especies de Pomacea, que presenta proteínas que actúan a la vez como reserva nutricia y como defensa bioquímica. En contraste, nada se sabe acerca de los componentes de los huevos en los géneros con desove acuático, lo que impide contrastar las hipótesis mencionadas.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Proteomas de huevos de ampuláridos con estrategias de oviposición aérea y sumergida

La familia Ampullariidae presenta dos estrategias de desove muy diferentes: dentro del agua en masas gelatinosas y fuera del agua en masas calcificadas y casi siempre coloreadas. Se ha postulado que la adquisición del desove fuera del agua representó un hecho clave en la historia evolutiva del grupo, pues las especies con esta estrategia reproductiva están más ampliamente distribuidas y tienen mayor número de especies; el origen evolutivo de dicha estrategia, sin embargo, no está claro pues los géneros que la comparten (Pila y Pomacea) estarían evolutivamente distantes. Los componentes del fluido perivitelino de los huevos, especialmente sus proteínas, han sido ampliamente estudiados y sus propiedades se han vinculado con la mencionada ventaja del desove fuera del agua. La mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en especies de Pomacea, que presenta proteínas que actúan a la vez como reserva nutricia y como defensa bioquímica. En contraste, nada se sabe acerca de los componentes de los huevos en los géneros con desove acuático, lo que impide contrastar las hipótesis mencionadas.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Macronutrient Substitutes and Weight-reduction Practices of Obese, Dieting, and Eating-disordered Women

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71619/1/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51804.x.pd

Saturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Modulation by Replacement Nutrients

Despite the well-established observation that substitution of saturated fats for carbohydrates or unsaturated fats increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in humans and animal models, the relationship of saturated fat intake to risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans remains controversial. A critical question is what macronutrient should be used to replace saturated fat. Substituting polyunsaturated fat for saturated fat reduces LDL cholesterol and the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. However, replacement of saturated fat by carbohydrates, particularly refined carbohydrates and added sugars, increases levels of triglyceride and small LDL particles and reduces high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, effects that are of particular concern in the context of the increased prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials have provided consistent evidence that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, but not carbohydrates, is beneficial for coronary heart disease. Therefore, dietary recommendations should emphasize substitution of polyunsaturated fat and minimally processed grains for saturated fat

Estimating Nutrient Intake From a Food Frequency Questionnaire: Incorporating the Elements of Race and Geographic Region

Assignment of nutrient values to food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) items does not usually account for participant characteristics (besides age or sex) that may influence eating patterns. For the Southern Community Cohort Study, the authors developed and assessed results from a nutrient database system incorporating sex-, race-, and census-region-specific food lists, using 24-hour recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, NHANES 1999–2000, NHANES 2001–2002, and NHANES 2003–2004) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals that permitted estimation of nutrients tailored to participants’ characteristics. For each of 15 nutrients, comparisons were made to a “standard” nutrient scoring system based on nationwide race-blind 24-hour recalls from these same sources. Using FFQ data from 67,926 Southern Community Cohort Study participants (47,038 African-American, 20,888 non-Hispanic white) aged 40–79 years who enrolled in the study during 2002–2008, the region- and race-informed system tended to produce increased estimated intake for most nutrients for black women, particularly for saturated fat (7.1%), monounsaturated fat (8.3%), and polyunsaturated fat (7.2%); smaller but significant changes (<5%) were also observed for nutrient intake for men and white women. These types of refinements in nutrient databases can be considered a means of enhancing the accuracy of dietary estimation using FFQs