Contribution of Bacterial Cells to the Fluorescence Spectra of Natural Organic Matter in Freshwaters

Aquatic Natural Organic Matter (NOM) fuels heterotrophic respiration. The fraction Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is operationally defined as material in water samples passing through 0.45 - 0.7 micron filters. Amino acid fluorescence of DOM serves as a proxy for DOM bioavailability. However, bacterial cells, only largely removed by filtration, also demonstrate amino acid fluorescence. The objective of this study was to determine contributions of bacterial cells to amino acid fluorescence in freshwaters. Unfiltered bacterial suspensions demonstrated amino acid fluorescence proportional to bacterial cell concentration; however, 0.22 micron filtration removed most fluorescence. For freshwaters, losses in amino acid fluorescence (up to 60%) with varying pore size filtration largely paralleled losses in particulate material. Using reported retention efficiencies for 0.7 micron filters, bacterial cells in natural waters may account for 5 - 50% of amino acid fluorescence in freshwaters, thereby potentially confounding the interpretation of amino acid fluorescence as a proxy for labile DOM.Master of Scienc

Influence of a Formal Mentor on Hospital based Nurse Research Resources and Outcomes

References 1. Wolters Kluwer. History of the magnet recognition program. Updated September 27, 2016. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/history-of-the-magnet-recognitionprogram 2. American Nurses Association. Magnet model - Creating a Magnet culture. American Nurses Credentialing Center. (n.d). Accessed December 8, 2021. https://www.nursingworld.org/organizationalprograms/ magnet/magnet-model/ 3. Melnyk B, Fineout-Overholt E, Giggleman M, & Choy KA, test of the ARCC© model improves implementation of evidence-based practice, healthcare culture, and patient outcomes. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2016;14(1), 5–9. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12188 4. Wu Y, Brettle A, Zhou C, Ou J, Wang Y, & Wang S. Do educational interventions aimed at nurses to support the implementation of evidence-based practice improve patient outcomes? A systematic review. Nurse Education Today. 2018;70, 109–114. doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.08.026 5. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Updated 2018. Position statement: Defining scholarship for academic nursing. Accessed December 8, 2021. https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Position- Statements-White-Papers/Defining-Scholarship-Nursing 6. Association Nursing Professional Development (ANPD). 2021. ANPD Mission and Goals. Accessed October 17th, 2021 ANPD : About 7. American Organization for Nursing Leadership. Published 2015. AONL Nurse Executive Competencies. Accessed December 14, 2021. https://www.aonl.org/system/files/media/file/2019/06/nec.pdf 8. Melnyk B, Gallagher-Ford L, Zellefrow C, et al. The first U.S. study on nurses’ evidence-based practice competencies indicates major deficits that threaten healthcare quality, safety, and patient outcomes. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2017;15(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12269 9. Mulkey MA. Engaging bedside nurse in research and quality improvement. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development. 2021;37(3), 138–142. /doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0000000000000732 10. Pintz C, Zhou Q, McLaughlin M, Kelly, & Guzzetta CE. National study of nursing research characteristics at Magnet®-designated hospitals. J Nurs Adm. 2018;48(5), 247–258. doi.org/10.1097/nna.0000000000000609 11. Speroni K, McLaughlin M, & Friesen M. Use of evidence‐ based practice models and research findings in Magnet‐ designated hospitals across the United States: National survey results. Worldviews on Evidence- Based Nursing. 2020;17(2), 98–107. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12428 12. Cline GJ, Burger KJ, Amankwah EK, Goldenberg NA, & Ghazarian SR. Promoting the utilization of science in healthcare (push) project. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development. 2017;33(3), 113– 119. doi.org/10.1097/nnd.0000000000000345 13. Melnyk B, Tan A, Hsieh A, & Gallagher‐ Ford L. Evidence‐ based practice culture and mentorship predict EBP implementation, nurse job satisfaction, and intent to stay: Support for the ARCC© model. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2021;18(4), 272–281. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12524 14. Gorsuch CF, Gallagher Ford L, Koshy Thomas, Melnyk B, & Connor L. Impact of a formal educational skill‐ building program based on the ARCC model to enhance evidence‐ based practice competency in nurse teams. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2020;17(4), 258–268. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12463 15. Spiva L, Hart PL, Patrick S, Waggoner J, Jackson C, & Threatt, JL. (2017). Effectiveness of an evidencebased practice nurse mentor training program. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2017;14(3), 183– 191. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12219 16. Melnyk B, Zellefrow C, Tan A, & Hsieh A. Differences between Magnet and non‐ Magnet‐ designated hospitals in nurses’ evidence‐ based practice knowledge, competencies, mentoring, and culture. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 2020;17(5), 337–347. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12467 17. Chipps E, Nash M, Buck J, & Vermillion B. Demystifying nursing research at the bedside. Nursing Management. 2017;48(4), 28–35. doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000514063.45819.c1 18. Powers J. Increasing capacity for nursing research in magnet-designated organizations to promote nursing research. Appl Nurs Res. 2020;55:151286. doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151286 19. Johantgen M, Weiss M, Lundmark V, Newhouse R, Haller K. Unruh, L. and Shirey, M. Building research infrastructure in Magnet® hospitals: Current status and future directions. J Nurs Adm. 2017;47(4), pp.198- 204. 20. Trautman D, Idzik S, Hammersla S. & Rosseter R. Advancing scholarship through translational research: The role of Ph.D. and DNP prepared purses. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2018; 23(2). doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No02Man0

Size Threshold Perimetry Performs as Well as Conventional Automated Perimetry With Stimulus Sizes III, V, and VI for Glaucomatous Loss

Citation: Wall M, Doyle CK, Eden T, Zamba KD, Johnson CA. Size threshold perimetry performs as well as conventional automated perimetry with stimulus sizes III, V, and VI for glaucomatous loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3975-3983. DOI:10. 1167/iovs.12-11300 PURPOSE. It is thought that large perimetric stimuli are insensitive for demonstrating visual field defects. To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the total number of abnormal test locations with total deviation empiric probability plots in glaucoma patients, we compared results of glaucoma patients tested with sizes III (0.438 diameter), V (1.728), and VI (3.448), and size threshold perimetry (STP), a method that finds threshold by changing stimulus size. METHODS. We derived normative limits for total deviation probability plots using the second test from 60 age-matched normals. We analyzed the probability plots of 120 glaucoma patients (mean deviation was À9.3 6 6.1 dB with a range of À0.2 to À31.6) at the 42 nonblind spot locations common to the tests. We compared the number of abnormal test locations at the 5% level among the tests using one-way repeated measures ANOVA on ranks. We stratified the results by mean deviation. RESULTS. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of abnormal test locations among the tests: III, 28.5; V, 29.7; VI, 27.0; and STP, 28.8, P ¼ 0.001; Tukey pairwise comparisons were statistically significant for the assessments between sizes V and VI and between STP and size VI. When stratifying by mean deviation, with mild visual loss, size V was most sensitive, followed by STP; size VI appeared slightly less sensitive. CONCLUSIONS. Size V and STP provide favorable stimulus methodology for detection of mild to moderate glaucoma. Size VI appears slightly less sensitive for glaucoma with mild loss. Keywords: perimetry, visual testing, visual field, vision testing, stimulus size C onventional automated perimetry, since its introduction in the late 1970s, has almost exclusively used the Goldmann size III stimulus. However, it has been shown that detection of defects from glaucoma and other optic neuropathies can be done at least as well with larger stimuli. 1,2 In addition, these large stimuli have been shown to give better retest variability and extend the dynamic range of the test. 5 However, the original 108 frequency doubling technology stimulus is over 40 times the size of the 1.78 size V stimulus in area and Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) testing is similar in sensitivity to conventional automated perimetry using a size III stimulus (0.438) for glaucoma and other optic neuropathies

Whole genome sequencing Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum identifies more genetic diversity than sequencing from culture.

BACKGROUND: Repeated culture reduces within-sample Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic diversity due to selection of clones suited to growth in culture and/or random loss of lineages, but it is not known to what extent omitting the culture step altogether alters genetic diversity. We compared M. tuberculosis whole genome sequences generated from 33 paired clinical samples using two methods. In one method DNA was extracted directly from sputum then enriched with custom-designed SureSelect (Agilent) oligonucleotide baits and in the other it was extracted from mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture. RESULTS: DNA directly sequenced from sputum showed significantly more within-sample diversity than that from MGIT culture (median 5.0 vs 4.5 heterozygous alleles per sample, p = 0.04). Resistance associated variants present as HAs occurred in four patients, and in two cases may provide a genotypic explanation for phenotypic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Culture-free M. tuberculosis whole genome sequencing detects more within-sample diversity than a leading culture-based method and may allow detection of mycobacteria that are not actively replicating

Correction to: Whole genome sequencing Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum identifies more genetic diversity than sequencing from culture.

He authors reported that one of the authors' names was typeset incorrectly in the authorship list

Rapid identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis full genetic drug resistance profile through whole genome sequencing directly from sputum.

INTRODUCTION: Resistance to second-line tuberculosis drugs is common, but slow to diagnose with phenotypic drug sensitivity testing. Rapid molecular tests speed up diagnosis, but can only detect limited mutations. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of culture isolates can generate a complete genetic drug resistance profile, but is delayed by the initial culture step. In the case presented here, successful WGS directly from sputum was achieved using targeted enrichment. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old Nigerian woman was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Xpert MTB/RIF and Hain line probe assays identified rpoB and inhA mutations consistent with rifampicin and intermediate isoniazid resistance, and a further possible mutation conferring fluoroquinolone resistance. WGS directly from sputum identified a further inhA mutation consistent with high-level isoniazid resistance and confirmed the absence of fluoroquinolone resistance. Isoniazid was stopped, and the patient has completed 18 months of a fluoroquinolone-based regimen without relapse. DISCUSSION: Compared to rapid molecular tests (which can only examine a limited number of mutations) and WGS of culture isolates (which requires a culture step), WGS directly from sputum can quickly generate a complete genetic drug resistance profile. In this case, WGS altered the clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis and demonstrated potential for guiding individualized drug treatment where second-line drug resistance is common

Outcome of transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with down syndrome

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106900/1/pbc24918.pd

Outcome of Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome

AbstractData on outcomes of allogeneic transplantation in children with Down syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia (DS-AML) are scarce and conflicting. Early reports stress treatment-related mortality as the main barrier; a recent case series points to posttransplantation relapse. We reviewed outcome data for 28 patients with DS-AML reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research between 2000 and 2009 and performed a first matched-pair analysis of 21 patients with DS-AML and 80 non-DS AML controls. The median age at transplantation for DS-AML was 3 years, and almost half of the cohort was in second remission. The 3-year probability of overall survival was only 19%. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for interval from diagnosis to transplantation, risks of relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; P < .001; 62% versus 37%) and transplant-related mortality (HR, 2.52; P = .04; 24% versus 15%) were significantly higher for DS-AML compared to non-DS AML. Overall mortality risk (HR, 2.86; P < .001; 21% versus 52%) was significantly higher for DS-AML. Both transplant-related mortality and relapse contribute to higher mortality. Excess mortality in DS-AML patients can only effectively be addressed through an international multicenter effort to pilot strategies aimed at lowering both transplant-related mortality and relapse risks

A deleterious gene-by-environment interaction imposed by calcium channel blockers in Marfan syndrome

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are prescribed to patients with Marfan syndrome for prophylaxis against aortic aneurysm progression, despite limited evidence for their efficacy and safety in the disorder. Unexpectedly, Marfan mice treated with CCBs show accelerated aneurysm expansion, rupture, and premature lethality. This effect is both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) dependent and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) dependent. We have identified protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) as a critical mediator of this pathway and demonstrate that the PKCβ inhibitor enzastaurin, and the clinically available anti-hypertensive agent hydralazine, both normalize aortic growth in Marfan mice, in association with reduced PKCβ and ERK1/2 activation. Furthermore, patients with Marfan syndrome and other forms of inherited thoracic aortic aneurysm taking CCBs display increased risk of aortic dissection and need for aortic surgery, compared to patients on other antihypertensive agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08648.00