Variability and interpopulation differentiation of the rare species Gueldenstaedtia monophylla Fisch. (Fabaceae)

Genetic variability of the rare species Gueldenstaedtia monophylla from 7 natural populations in the central part of its range (Ongudai district, Altai Republic) was studied. To characterize the genetic diversity of this rare relict species at the population level, SDS-electrophoresis of seed storage proteins was used. Polypeptide spectra of seeds contained from 17 to 32 protein components, of which 28 were polymorphic. The populations of G. monophylla were revealed to have a sufficiently high level of genetic polymorphism, the genetic similarity index within the populations studied ranged from 0.673 to 0.813. The highest variability of seed storage proteins was found in the populations Inegen (0.673) and Malaya Inya (0.734). The lowest level of variability of the polypeptide spectra was in the population Bol’shoy Yaloman (0.813). The Nei genetic distance between the populations studied was 0.018–0.215, the greatest distance in the protein spectra was found between Inegen and Malaya Inya (0.215). Inegen was the most remote from the other populations, the Nei distance between this population and all other populations varying from 0.113 to 0.215. With AMOVA, it was found that the share of intra-population variability is 53 % and inter-population, 47 %. Perhaps this high genetic diversity in populations of G. monophylla is provided and maintained by such biological characteristics of the species as cross-pollination, high life expectancy and a long reproductive period. The results of our study suggest that some rare species are able to maintain high levels of genetic diversity, even in a small-size population. The relatively high level of genetic variability indicates that the current genetic drift and inbreeding do not pose a threat to the survival of the species

Neurocognitive functions as an indicator of subjective adaptation to involutionary processes

This neuropsychological study focuses on cognitive correlates of a successful process of adaptation to involutional processes. We examined 94 elderly people without pronounced cognitive impairments. It was shown that adaptation positively correlates with cognitive functions and negatively with comorbidity; the most significant predictors of successful adaptation to involutional processes are semantic memory and the rate of anticipatory processes

Conservation of the West Sayan endemic Fritillaria sonnikovae Schaulo et A. Erst (Liliaceae) in in vitro collection

An effective system of micropropagation and in vitro conservation of the West Sayan endemic Fritillaria sonnikovae Schaulo et A. Erst was developed and the genetic stability of regenerants after slow-growth storage was assessed. The efficiency of bulb scale segments as primary explants was established. The optimum nutrient medium for stages of in vitro culture initiation and multiplication was BDS supplemented with BAP (5.0 µM) and NAA (2.0 µM). The microplant collection was maintained in active-growth (+23±2 °С) and slow-growth (+7 °С) conditions. The period of subculturing at +7 °С was prolonged to 9–12 months when microclones of F. sonnikovae were transferred to slowgrowth conditions. Assessment of microplant regeneration potential in further cultivation of bulb scales on BDS nutrient medium supplemented with BAP (5.0 µM) and NAA (2.0 µM) revealed a stimulating effect of conservation at low temperatures: the regeneration rate reached 93 % and the number of bulblets per explant was 6.9±1.7 at the first passage after slow-growth storage. However, further cultivation led to decrease of shoot development, and the regeneration rate reached the level before slow-growth storage at the third passage. The genetic fidelity of regenerants obtained during direct organogenesis at the first passage after slow-growth storage (12 months) was established by analysis of ISSR-PCR-fragments

RESULTS OF THE PROGRAM FOR IMPROVING THE SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF THE OLDER PEOPLE

The work tested the effectiveness of a program aimed at improving the subjective well-being of older people. The study involved 55 people aged 60 to 89 years. The level of subjective well-being, depression, anxiety level, subjective level of loneliness and blood pressure were assessed. The results showed that program participants significantly improved their subjective well-being and reduced levels of anxiety, subjective loneliness, and blood pressure. The level of subjective well-being in older people contributes to the construction of personal resources and participation in projects that bring them closer to an active and healthy old age.В работе проверялась эффективность программы, направленной на повышение субъективного благополучия пожилых людей. В исследовании приняли участие 55 человек в возрасте от 60 до 89 лет. Оценивались уровень субъективного благополучия, депрессии, уровень тревожности, субъективный уровень одиночества и артериальное давление. Результаты показали, что участники программы значительно повысили уровень своего субъективного благополучия и снизили уровень тревожности, субъективного одиночества и артериального давления. Уровень субъективного благополучия у пожилых людей способствует построению личных ресурсов и участие в проектах, которые приближают их к активной и здоровой старости

Comparative analysis of genetic polymorphism in <i>Rhaponticum carthamoides</i> (Asteraceae) populations by ISSR markers in the Altai Republic

Background. Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (Asteraceae) is a rare species for the Altai Republic (AR).  The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic polymorphism of Rhaponticum carthamoides at the inter- and intrapopulation level in a comparative analysis for subsequent selection of seed samples from the genetically most heterogeneous natural populations of the AR for practical purposes.   Materials and methods. The species was studied for ISSR variability in five habitats in the AR. DNA from dried leaves of R. carthamoides was isolated using the STAB method. For testing seventeen ISSR primers were used, seven of which were selected as most informative ones.   Results and conclusion. The analysis showed that individual plants from five cenopopulations (CP) were distributed into three groups of similarity on the dendrogram. A separate clade was formed by plant samples from two CPs of the Katun Nature Reserve (KNR). Samples of one of those CPs grew on well-warmed southern slopes and exhibited a higher genetic heterogeneity than the others. The highest intrapopulation and interpopulation similarity in the distribution of DNA fragments was also found in two CPs from habitats with the smallest geographic distance from each other. Representatives of a separate population, least in size and number of individuals in the KNR, showed a high level of similarity in the distribution of DNA fragments. Significantly lower coefficients of genetic similarity with other CPs were found in plants from a small isolated CP from the Shavlinsky Protected Area. It can be assumed that one of the main reasons for the least genetic similarity of this population with others is its location in the immediate vicinity of the foothill at the pass to Achik (Ongudaysky District; absolute height: 2300 masl). This location can be a limiting factor for the exchange of genetic information with individuals from other populations

Association of Chrononutrition Indices with Anthropometric Parameters, Academic Performance, and Psychoemotional State of Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescents are an at-risk group for circadian misalignment. The contribution of sleep–wake rhythm instability to the psychoemotional, cognitive, and weight disorders of adolescents has been studied in sufficient detail. At the same time, there is insufficient information about the association between chrononutrition indices and the well-being of adolescents. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between chrononutrition indices and academic achievement, psychoemotional state, and anthropometric indicators in adolescents. The study involved 12,759 students in grades 6–11 of secondary schools, aged 14.2 ± 1.7 years old; 57.2% of whom were girls. Participants provided personal data, frequency and time of meals during the day and at night, on weekdays and weekends, and completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. There is a U-shaped association between eating mid-phase (EPFc), eating jetlag (EJL), and eating window (EW) with GPA, ZSDSI, and FA. At the same time, the frequency of night eating (NE) is linearly associated with the studied parameters. NE is the strongest predictor of ZSDSI (β = 0.24), FA (β = 0.04), and GPA (β = −0.22). EPFc, EJL, and EW practically do not differ in the strength of their association with the studied indicators. ZSDSI is most closely associated with the chrononutrition indices. There is a weak negative association between BMI and EW (β = −0.03) and NE (β = −0.04). Thus, circadian eating disorders are more often observed in adolescents with poor academic performance, high levels of depression, and food addiction. © 2023 by the authors.1021051201895-9, FUUU-2022-0066; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe research was carried out within the framework of the research project at the Institute of Physiology of the Federal Research Centre Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences FUUU-2022-0066 (No. 1021051201895-9). The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged

The formation and the study of a collection of the Miscanthus resource species gene pool in the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples

Psychological Well-Being in the Elderly People

Оригинал статьи получен 01 июня 2022. Исправленная статья принята 02 июня 2022. Первая публикация онлайн July 20, 2022.В статье представлены материалы круглого стола, прошедшего в Уральском федеральном университете имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина (г. Екатеринбург) 2 апреля 2022 г. На заседании обсуждались вопросы психологического благополучия лиц пожилого возраста: методологические основания исследования, стратегии достижения, связь с физиологическим и психологическим здоровьем, психологическая поддержка и др.On April 2, 2022, Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg) hosted a round-table conference, devoted to discussing issues of elderly people’ psychological well-being: methodological foundations of research of psychological well-being, strategies for achieving psychological well-being, the relationship of psychological well-being with physiological and psychological health, features of psychological support for the elderly

Association between food addiction and time perspective during COVID-19 isolation

Purpose: The concept of time perspective (TP) implies that a mental focus on past, present, or future affect a person makes decisions and take action. Inability to plan their life for a sufficiently long time perspective due to the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have a pronounced impact on a human’s lifestyle influencing their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, including eating behavior. This study tested two hypotheses: (a) that during COVID-19 isolation, the incidence rate of food addiction is increased, and (b) people with present TP are more likely exhibited signs of food addiction (FA). Methods: The final study sample included 949 people, mean age 21.8 ± 7.8 years (range: 17–71 years, women: 78.3%). Each participant indicated their personal data and completed Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Results: There was an increased incidence rate of FA (OR = 1.678, 95% CI = 1.324, 2.148, p = 0.000) during COVID-19 isolation. Individuals with balanced, future, and past positive TP were less likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Persons with past negative, and present hedonistic TP were more likely to exhibit signs of FA. Conclusion: There was an increased incidence rate of FA during COVID-19 isolation. Persons with shortened time horizon are more likely to exhibit symptoms of FA. Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The Influence of School Start Time on Sleep Duration and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Yekaterinburg

Изучено влияние времени начала занятий на функцию сна, самочувствие и успеваемость учеников средних школ Екатеринбурга. Показано, что при начале занятий в первую смену в 9 часов продолжительность сна у подростков составляет на 14 минут больше, чем при начале занятий в 8 часов, и они имеют более высокую успеваемость. Результаты исследования согласуются с ранее полученными данными о благоприятном влиянии позднего времени начала занятий на сон и успеваемость учеников.The influence of the school start time on sleep function, well-being and academic performance of secondary school students in Yekaterinburg was studied. It was shown that at the beginning of classes in the first shift at 9 o’clock, the duration of sleep in adolescents is 14 minutes longer than at the beginning of classes at 8 o’clock, and they have higher academic performance. The results of the study are consistent with previously obtained data on the positive effect of late school start time on student’s sleep and performance