New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U.S.A., supported by polyphasic analysis

Molecular phylogenetic and chemical analyses, and morphological characterization of collections of North American Paraisaria specimens support the description of two new species and two new combinations for known species. P. cascadensis sp. nov. is a pathogen of Cyphoderris (Orthoptera) from the Pacific Northwest USA and P. pseudoheteropoda sp. nov. is a pathogen of cicadae (Hemiptera) from the Southeast USA. New combinations are made for Ophiocordyceps insignis and O. monticola based on morphological, ecological, and chemical study. A new cyclopeptide family proved indispensable in providing chemotaxonomic markers for resolving species in degraded herbarium specimens for which DNA sequencing is intractable. This approach enabled the critical linkage of a 142-year-old type specimen to a phylogenetic clade. The diversity of Paraisaria in North America and the utility of chemotaxonomy for the genus are discussed

Future-proofing and maximizing the utility of metadata: The PHA4GE SARS-CoV-2 contextual data specification package.

BACKGROUND: The Public Health Alliance for Genomic Epidemiology (PHA4GE) (https://pha4ge.org) is a global coalition that is actively working to establish consensus standards, document and share best practices, improve the availability of critical bioinformatics tools and resources, and advocate for greater openness, interoperability, accessibility, and reproducibility in public health microbial bioinformatics. In the face of the current pandemic, PHA4GE has identified a need for a fit-for-purpose, open-source SARS-CoV-2 contextual data standard. RESULTS: As such, we have developed a SARS-CoV-2 contextual data specification package based on harmonizable, publicly available community standards. The specification can be implemented via a collection template, as well as an array of protocols and tools to support both the harmonization and submission of sequence data and contextual information to public biorepositories. CONCLUSIONS: Well-structured, rich contextual data add value, promote reuse, and enable aggregation and integration of disparate datasets. Adoption of the proposed standard and practices will better enable interoperability between datasets and systems, improve the consistency and utility of generated data, and ultimately facilitate novel insights and discoveries in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. The package is now supported by the NCBI's BioSample database

Future-proofing and maximizing the utility of metadata: The PHA4GE SARS-CoV-2 contextual data specification package

Background The Public Health Alliance for Genomic Epidemiology (PHA4GE) (https://pha4ge.org) is a global coalition that is actively working to establish consensus standards, document and share best practices, improve the availability of critical bioinformatics tools and resources, and advocate for greater openness, interoperability, accessibility, and reproducibility in public health microbial bioinformatics. In the face of the current pandemic, PHA4GE has identified a need for a fit-for-purpose, open-source SARS-CoV-2 contextual data standard. Results As such, we have developed a SARS-CoV-2 contextual data specification package based on harmonizable, publicly available community standards. The specification can be implemented via a collection template, as well as an array of protocols and tools to support both the harmonization and submission of sequence data and contextual information to public biorepositories. Conclusions Well-structured, rich contextual data add value, promote reuse, and enable aggregation and integration of disparate datasets. Adoption of the proposed standard and practices will better enable interoperability between datasets and systems, improve the consistency and utility of generated data, and ultimately facilitate novel insights and discoveries in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. The package is now supported by the NCBI’s BioSample database

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in patients with ultra-acute presumed stroke (RIGHT-2): an ambulance-based, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, phase 3 trial

Background High blood pressure is common in acute stroke and is a predictor of poor outcome; however, large trials of lowering blood pressure have given variable results, and the management of high blood pressure in ultra-acute stroke remains unclear. We investigated whether transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; also known as nitroglycerin), a nitric oxide donor, might improve outcome when administered very early after stroke onset. Methods We did a multicentre, paramedic-delivered, ambulance-based, prospective, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded-endpoint, phase 3 trial in adults with presumed stroke within 4 h of onset, face-arm-speech-time score of 2 or 3, and systolic blood pressure 120 mm Hg or higher. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive transdermal GTN (5 mg once daily for 4 days; the GTN group) or a similar sham dressing (the sham group) in UK based ambulances by paramedics, with treatment continued in hospital. Paramedics were unmasked to treatment, whereas participants were masked. The primary outcome was the 7-level modified Rankin Scale (mRS; a measure of functional outcome) at 90 days, assessed by central telephone follow-up with masking to treatment. Analysis was hierarchical, first in participants with a confirmed stroke or transient ischaemic attack (cohort 1), and then in all participants who were randomly assigned (intention to treat, cohort 2) according to the statistical analysis plan. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN26986053. Findings Between Oct 22, 2015, and May 23, 2018, 516 paramedics from eight UK ambulance services recruited 1149 participants (n=568 in the GTN group, n=581 in the sham group). The median time to randomisation was 71 min (IQR 45–116). 597 (52%) patients had ischaemic stroke, 145 (13%) had intracerebral haemorrhage, 109 (9%) had transient ischaemic attack, and 297 (26%) had a non-stroke mimic at the final diagnosis of the index event. In the GTN group, participants’ systolic blood pressure was lowered by 5·8 mm Hg compared with the sham group (p<0·0001), and diastolic blood pressure was lowered by 2·6 mm Hg (p=0·0026) at hospital admission. We found no difference in mRS between the groups in participants with a final diagnosis of stroke or transient ischaemic stroke (cohort 1): 3 (IQR 2–5; n=420) in the GTN group versus 3 (2–5; n=408) in the sham group, adjusted common odds ratio for poor outcome 1·25 (95% CI 0·97–1·60; p=0·083); we also found no difference in mRS between all patients (cohort 2: 3 [2–5]; n=544, in the GTN group vs 3 [2–5]; n=558, in the sham group; 1·04 [0·84–1·29]; p=0·69). We found no difference in secondary outcomes, death (treatment-related deaths: 36 in the GTN group vs 23 in the sham group [p=0·091]), or serious adverse events (188 in the GTN group vs 170 in the sham group [p=0·16]) between treatment groups. Interpretation Prehospital treatment with transdermal GTN does not seem to improve functional outcome in patients with presumed stroke. It is feasible for UK paramedics to obtain consent and treat patients with stroke in the ultraacute prehospital setting. Funding British Heart Foundation

Supplementary material 1 from: Tehan RM, Dooley CB, Barge EG, McPhail KL, Spatafora JW (2023) New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U.S.A., supported by polyphasic analysis. MycoKeys 100: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.100.110959

Endosclerotia LCMS feature lis

Paraisaria cascadensis Tehan, Dooley & Spatafora 2023, sp. nov.

&lt;p&gt;Paraisaria cascadensis Tehan, Dooley &amp; Spatafora sp. nov.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fig. 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Type material.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Holotype&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt; U.S.A., Washington. Skamania County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Mt. St. Helens, at approximately 46.1771, -121,9224. 1,042 m alt., 9 June 2021, on adult &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt; buried in the ground, in mixed coniferous forest comprising &lt;i&gt;Pinus contorta&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Pseudotsuga menziesii&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Abies&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by R. Tehan, C. Dooley (RMT-2021-072, OSC-M-052017, ex-holotype living culture: ARSEF 14609.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Etymology.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;cascadensis&lt;/i&gt; occurring in the Cascade Mountain range in the Pacific Northwest, USA.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Description.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Stroma capitate, solitary, rhizoids solitary arising from heads of adult &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt; buried in soil. Ascogenous portion globose or subglobose, 8-9 &times; 6-9 mm, chestnut brown. Stipe white to light brown, inside hollow, fibrous, white, 15-17 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, papillate with ostioles of perithecia. Perithecia obclavate, immersed, ordinally arranged, 800-970 &times; 105-150 &micro;m. Asci hyaline, cylindrical, eight-spored, observed up to 350 &micro;m long &times; 4.5-7 &micro;m wide, possessing abruptly thickened apex. Ascospores hyaline, filiform, multiseptate, breaking into 64 cylindrical part-spores, (6.3-)7.5-9.5(-10.3) &times; 1.6-2.2(-2.4) &micro;m.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Culture characteristics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Colonies on PDA 61 days at 20 &deg;C, 28 mm, white to yellow, reverse reddish brown to orange. Mycelium septate, smooth-walled hyaline. No conidial state was observed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Host.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt; (Prophalangopsidae, Orthoptera).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Habitat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Specimens occur on hypogeous adult hump-winged grigs, &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt;, in coniferous forest.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional materials examined.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; U.S.A., Washington: Skamania County, at approximately 46.177, -121.9167, elevation: 974 m, 29 May 2018, on cf. &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt; buried in soil, collected by Josh Grefe (OSC-M-052003). U.S.A., Washington: Chelan County, 47.9761, -120.7811, elevation: 865 m, 15 June 2020, on adult &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt;, buried in soil, collected by Daniel Winkler, Hans Drabicki (OSC-M-052010). U.S.A., Washington: Skamania County, at approximately 46.1848, -122.1139, elevation: 12332 m, 12 June 2020, on cf. &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Ben McCormick (OSC-M-052012). U.S.A., Washington: Skamania County, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Mt. St. Helens, at approximately 46.1771, -121,9224. 1,042 m alt., 9 June 2021, on adult &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt; buried in soil, in mixed coniferous forest comprising &lt;i&gt;Pinus contorta&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Pseudotsuga menziesii&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Abies&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Richard Tehan, Connor Dooley (RMT-2021-071, OSC-M-052016).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Notes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; This species is uncommon and has thus far only been collected in the Cascade Mountains of Washington State in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens at elevations above 850 m. It might be expected to have a broader range on the basis of the range of its host, &lt;i&gt;Cyphoderris monstrosa&lt;/i&gt;, which is known to occur in coniferous forest in several Western U.S. states and Canada (The Orthopterists&rsquo; Society 2023).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Tehan, Richard M., Dooley, Connor B., Barge, Edward G., McPhail, Kerry L. &amp; Spatafora, Joseph W., 2023, New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U. S. A., supported by polyphasic analysis, pp. 69-94 in MycoKeys 100&lt;/i&gt; on page 69, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.11095

Paraisaria pseudoheteropoda Tehan & Spatafora 2023, sp. nov.

&lt;p&gt;Paraisaria pseudoheteropoda Tehan &amp; Spatafora sp. nov.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fig. 4&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Type material.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Holotype&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt; U.S.A. Arkansas: Searcy County, Grinder's Ferry, 35.985, -92.732, elevation: 252 m, 15 May 2022, on nymphs of cicadidae (Hemiptera) buried in soil, in near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Carya&lt;/i&gt; sp., and &lt;i&gt;Juniperus virginiana&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Kerri McCabe (OSC-M-052022, ex-type culture: ARSEF 14616).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Etymology.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Paraisaria pseudoheteropoda&lt;/i&gt; resembling another cicada-pathogenic species, &lt;i&gt;Paraisaria heteropoda&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Description.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Stromata capitate or subclavate, unbranched, growing singly or up to two stromata attached by rhizoids to hypogeous nymphs of Cicadidae (Hemiptera). Ascogenous portion globose or subglobose, 9-11 &times; 7-8 mm, cream to chestnut brown. Stipe white to light brown, inside fibrous, white, 20-53 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, papillate with ostioles of perithecia. Perithecia obclavate, immersed, ordinally arranged 680-745(-760) &times; (310-)330-420 &micro;m. Asci hyaline, cylindrical, eight-spored, observed up to 420 &micro;m long &times; 5.5-6.5 &micro;m wide, possessing abruptly thickened apex. Ascospores hyaline, filiform, multiseptate, breaking into 64 cylindrical part-spores, (5.6-)6.2-7.9(-8.7) &times; 1.6-2.1(-2.4) &micro;m.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Culture characteristics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Colonies on PDA 61 days at 20 &deg;C, 29 mm, white, reverse yellow to orange. Mycelium septate, smooth-walled hyaline. No conidial state was observed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Host.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Nymphs of Cicadidae (Hemiptera).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Habitat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Specimens occur on hypogeous nymphs of cicadae at the base of coniferous and deciduous trees, especially oaks.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional materials examined.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Cassville, at approximately 36.5586, -93.6833, elevation: 301 m, 26 May 2019, on nymph of cicada buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters, (OSC-M-052005) U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Cassville, at approximately 36.6501, -93.7031, elevation: 382 m, 16 May 2019, on nymph of cicada buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters (OSC-M-052007) U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Cassville, at approximately 36.5586, -93.6833, elevation: 301 m, 4 April 2020, on nymph of cicada buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters (OSC-M-052009, living culture: ARSEF 14610). U.S.A. Kentucky: Lincoln County, Crab Orchard, at approximately 36.464, -84.51, elevation: 290 m, 19 April 2021, on nymph of cicada buried in soil, collected by Michael Roberts (OSC-M-052015). U.S.A. Tennessee: Putnam County, Cookerville, at approximately 36.163, -85.501, elevation: 337 m, 17 April 2022, on nymph of cicada buried in soil in mixed hardwood forest comprising &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Fagus&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Populus&lt;/i&gt; sp. and &lt;i&gt;Arundinaria gigantea&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Jamie Newman (OSC-M-052019). U.S.A. Tennessee: Putnam County, Silver Point, at approximately 36.1409, -85.7374, elevation: 180 m, 17 April 2022, on nymph of cicada buried in soil among &lt;i&gt;Acer negundo&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Carpinus caroliniana&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Carya&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Quercus rubra&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Lindera&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Amphicarpaea bracteata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Phlox divaricata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Salvia lyrata&lt;/i&gt;. collected by Holly Taylor (OSC-M-052020). U.S.A. Arkansas: Searcy County, Grinder's Ferry, at approximately 35.983, -92.719, elevation: 222 m, 14 May 2022, on nymphs of cicadae buried in soil, in near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., Carya sp., and &lt;i&gt;Juniperus virginiana&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Kerri McCabe (OSC-M-052021). U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Roaring River, at approximately 36.5593, -93.683, elevation: 296 m, 24 May 2022, on nymphs of cicadae buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters, (OSC-M-052023). U.S.A. Virginia: Albemarle County, Charlottesville, at approximately 38.0812, -78.4657, elevation: 133 m, 31 May 2022, on nymph of cf. &lt;i&gt;Neotibicen&lt;/i&gt; sp. (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Acer rubrum&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Amelio Little (OSC-M-052024). U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Roaring River, at approximately 36.5583, -93.6836, elevation: 305 m, 25 May 2022, on nymphs of cicadae buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters, (OSC-M-052025). U.S.A. Alabama: St. Clair County, Leeds, at approximately 33.5540, -86.5382, elevation: 198 m, 12 March 2023, on nymphs of cicadae buried in soil, collected by Courtney Mynick, (OSC-M-053266). U.S.A. Alabama: Jefferson County, Birmingham, at approximately 33.4402, -86.8894, elevation: 195 m, 16 March 2023, on nymphs of cicadae buried in soil, collected by Bucky Raeder, (OSC-M-053267).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Notes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; This species is the only &lt;i&gt;Paraisaria&lt;/i&gt; species known to occur on cicadas in North America. In morphology and geographic distribution, it overlaps with &lt;i&gt;P. insignis&lt;/i&gt; but that species is distinguished by its strict occurrence on Coleoptera. &lt;i&gt;P. pseudoheteropoda&lt;/i&gt; sometimes has a pallid stroma which is not observed in &lt;i&gt;P. insignis&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Tehan, Richard M., Dooley, Connor B., Barge, Edward G., McPhail, Kerry L. &amp; Spatafora, Joseph W., 2023, New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U. S. A., supported by polyphasic analysis, pp. 69-94 in MycoKeys 100&lt;/i&gt; on page 69, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.11095

Paraisaria insignis Tehan & Spatafora 2023, comb. nov.

&lt;p&gt;Paraisaria insignis (Cooke &amp; Ravenel) Tehan &amp; Spatafora comb. nov.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fig. 5&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Cordyceps insignis Cooke &amp; Ravenel, Grevillea 12(no. 61): 38 (1883). Basionym.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Ophiocordyceps insignis (Cooke &amp; Ravenel) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones &amp; Spatafora, &lt;i&gt;Stud. Mycol&lt;/i&gt;. 57: 43 (2007). Synonym.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Type.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;U.S.A. South Carolina, &ldquo;seaboard&rdquo;, 4 January 1881, on larva coleoptera, collected by H. W. Ravenel. (Holotype: Ravenel 3251, K-M 1434269).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Epitype&lt;/i&gt; designated here: U.S.A. Arkansas: Saline County, Avilla, at approximately 34.713, -92.587, elevation: 169 m, 2 April 2021, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Jay Justice (OSC-M-052013, ex-type living culture ARSEF 14611).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Description.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Stromata capitate, unbranched, growing singly to gregarious, in groups of up to four stromata on a single host. Stromata 20-52.5 mm long. Ascogenous portion brown, globose to oblong, 8-22 mm long &times; 7-16 mm wide, papillate with ostioles of perithecia. Stipe golden yellow to reddish orange, sometimes furfuraceous toward upper half, 14-25 &times; 4-9 mm long, attached to hypogeous host by thick mats of fibrous, tangled, yellow to reddish orange rhizomorphs, extending 25-45 mm. Mycelial growth occurring between, and sometimes over, larval segments, forming a thin membrane. Perithecia embedded, obclavate, brown, (520-)640-800(840) &times; (160-)185-250(-270) &micro;m. Asci hyaline, cylindrical, up to 380 &micro; long &times; (3.8-)4.0-5.9(-7.5) &micro;m, possessing abruptly thickened apex. Ascospores hyaline, filiform, smooth, disarticulating into 64 part-spores. Part-spores, cylindrical, 6.3-9.0(-10.5) &times; 2.5-3.5 &micro;m. Growing on larvae of Prionus cf. imbricornis. (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Culture characteristics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Colonies on PDA 70 days at 20 &deg;C, 37.5 mm, white, reverse reddish brown to yellow. Mycelium septate, smooth-walled hyaline. No conidial state was observed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Host.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;larvae of Prionus cf. imbricornis. (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Habitat.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Specimens occur on hypogeous larvae of coleoptera typically at the base of oak trees.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional materials examined.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; U.S.A. Arkansas: Saline County, Avilla, at approximately 34.713, -92.587, elevation: 169 m, 18 March 2018, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Jay Justice (OSC.164134). U.S.A. Arkansas: Saline County, Avilla, at approximately 34.713, -92.587, elevation: 169 m, 2 April 2018, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Jay Justice (OSC.164135, living culture: ARSEF 14615). U.S.A. Arkansas: Saline County, Avilla, at approximately 34.713, -92.587, elevation: 169 m, 21 April 2018, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Jay Justice (OSC.164136). U.S.A. Arkansas: Pulaski County, North Little Rock, at approximately 34.7989, -92.312, elevation: 99 m, 17 April 2018, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., and &lt;i&gt;Ulmus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Sheila Griffin (OSC.164137). U.S.A. Missouri: Barry County, Cassville, at approximately 36.6116, -93.6938, elevation: 381 m, 16 April 2019, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil, collected by Aaron Peters (OSC-M-052004). U.S.A. TEXAS: Harris County, Friendswood, at approximately 29.5501, -95.1972, 19 m, 15 February 2020, on larva of Coleoptera, cf. &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; buried in soil, collected by Brett Jackson (OSC-M-052008). U.S.A. Mississippi: Otibbeha County, at approximately 33.4576, -88.7859, elevation: 109 m, 29 March 2021, on larva of Coleoptera buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Carol Siniscalchi (OSC-M-052014) U.S.A. Arkansas: Saline County, Avilla, at approximately 34.713, -92.587, elevation: 169 m, 21 April 2018, on larva of &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt; (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus&lt;/i&gt; sp., collected by Jay Justice (OSC-M-052018, living culture: ARSEF 14617). U.S.A. Georgia: Greene County, Greensboro, at approximately 33.556, -83.262, elevation 152 m, 25 March 2023, on larva of coleoptera, buried in soil, collected by Patti Chaco (OSC-M-053264). U.S.A. Georgia: Bibb County, Musella, at approximately 32.8491, -83.8886, elevation 145 m, 2 April 2023, on larva of coleoptera, buried in soil near &lt;i&gt;Quercus phellos&lt;/i&gt;, collected by Rose Payne (OSC-M-053265).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Notes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Recent collections of this species were initially determined to not match any described species and were given the provisional name &lt;i&gt;Paraisaria tortuosa&lt;/i&gt;, which was used in a doctoral dissertation (Tehan 2022), and in conference presentations. The conspecificity with &lt;i&gt;Ophiocordyceps insignis&lt;/i&gt; (= &lt;i&gt;Cordyceps insignis&lt;/i&gt;) was considered but it was difficult to reconcile Cooke&rsquo;s description of the stroma as &quot;livid purple&quot;. However, that species was described from a dried specimen and the true colors of the fresh specimen were evidently not observed by the authority. Petch (1935) cast doubt on the accurate description of the color of &lt;i&gt;C. insignis&lt;/i&gt; and though the original host is not able to be precisely identified, Petch&rsquo;s analysis here is helpful, suggesting based on morphology that the host is one that pupates in wood, which accords with the host of recent collections identified as &lt;i&gt;Prionus imbricornis&lt;/i&gt;. Ultimately, chemical comparison of fresh collections to the holotype was definitive in the identification of the fresh collections, and strongly supports the combination into &lt;i&gt;Paraisaria&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Tehan, Richard M., Dooley, Connor B., Barge, Edward G., McPhail, Kerry L. &amp; Spatafora, Joseph W., 2023, New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U. S. A., supported by polyphasic analysis, pp. 69-94 in MycoKeys 100&lt;/i&gt; on page 69, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.11095