Visible-Light-Mediated Oxidative Dimerization of Arylalkynes in the Open Air: Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)‑1,4-Enediones

An organic photoredox catalytic one-pot protocol is developed for the highly stereoselective synthesis of (<i>Z</i>)-1,4-enediones. The reaction starts directly from alkyne precursors, using 4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (CN-TPT) as an efficient photosensitizer and dioxygen in the air as a green oxidant. A C_sp–C_sp oxidative coupling/[4 + 2] cyclization (with dioxygen)/fragmentive isomerization cascade mechanism was proposed. The predominant formation of (<i>Z</i>)-1,4-enediones is attributed to the efficient visible-light illumination from blue LEDs, along with possible energy transfer from the photosensitizer CN-TPT to the <i>E</i>-isomers

Data_Sheet_1_Causal effects of opioids on postpartum depression: a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization study.docx

BackgroundPostpartum depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in pregnant women during the postpartum period and requires early detection and treatment. Previous studies have found that opioids use affects depression and anxiety disorders. Although it has long been suspected that opioids may contribute to the development of postpartum depression, observational studies are susceptible to confounding factors and reverse causality, making it difficult to determine the direction of these associations.MethodsTo examine the causal associations between opioids and non-opioid analgesics with postpartum depression, we utilized large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) genetic pooled data from two major databases: opioids, salicylate analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aniline analgesics GWAS data from the United Kingdom Biobank database. GWAS data for postpartum depression were obtained from the FinnGen database. The causal analysis methods used random-effects inverse variance weighting (IVW), and complementary sensitivity analyses using weighted median, MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO test.ResultsIn the IVW analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis showed that opioids increased the risk of postpartum depression (OR, 1.169; 95% CI, 1.050–1.303; p = 0.005). Bidirectional analysis showed a significant causal relationship between genetically predicted postpartum depression and increased risk of opioids and non-opioid analgesics use (opioids OR, 1.118; 95% CI, 1.039–1.203; p = 0.002; NSAIDs OR, 1.071; 95% CI, 1.022–1.121; p = 0.004; salicylates OR, 1.085; 95% CI, 1.026–1.146; p = 0.004; and anilides OR, 1.064; 95% CI, 1.018–1.112; p = 0.006). There was no significant heterogeneity or any significant horizontal pleiotropy bias in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionOur study suggests a potential causal relationship between opioids use and the risk of postpartum depression. Additionally, postpartum depression is associated with an increased risk of opioids and non-opioid analgesics use. These findings may provide new insights into prevention and intervention strategies for opioids abuse and postpartum depression.</p

Novel Cigarlike TiO₂ Nanofibers: Fabrication, Improved Mechanical, and Electrochemical Performances

By coupling the self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly­(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) containing titanium precursors with the electrospinning technique, novel cigarlike nanofibers with an outer-shell and inner-continuous-pore structure and resultant fabrics were fabricated. Different from typical porous metal oxides, the prepared high-surface-area nonwoven fabrics show excellent mechanical properties. Not only are these fabrics self-supporting over a large area, but they can also be cut using scissors, which is important for large-scale applications. Furthermore, as electrode materials in Li-ion batteries, these fabrics exhibit much higher charge/discharge capacity and cycle stability compared with the commercially available nanosized TiO₂ (P25). The improved mechanical and electrochemical performances are attributed to the presence of an outer-shell, inner-bicontinuous structures (including continuous TiO₂ frame and continuous nanopores) and hierarchical pores from the cigarlike nanofibers