76 research outputs found
Direct Imaging of Transmembrane Dynamics of Single Nanoparticles with Darkfield Microscopy: Improved Orientation Tracking at Cell Sidewall
Investigation
of the cellular internalization processes of individual
nanoparticles (NPs) is of great scientific interest with implications
to drug delivery and NP biosafety. Herein, by using dual-channel polarization
darkfield microcopy (DFM) and single gold nanorods (AuNRs) as orientation
probes, we developed a method that is capable of monitoring AuNR orientation
dynamics during its transmembrane process. With annular oblique illumination
and a birefringent prism to split AuNR plasmonic scattering into two
channels of orthogonal polarizations, the AuNR azimuth and polar angles
are obtained from their intensity difference and intensity sum. By
placing the focal plane of the microscope objective at the elevated
cell sidewall rather than at the flat cell top, interference from
cellular background is reduced and the signal-to-noise ratio of AuNR
orientation sensing is improved significantly, especially for AuNRs
inserting into the membrane at a large out-of-plane angle. As a result,
we were able to capture the complete membrane-crossing dynamics of
single AuNRs. This powerful method could be utilized to obtain valuable
insights on NP endocytosis mechanisms of various cells
Understanding the Phosphorylation Mechanism by Using Quantum Chemical Calculations and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Phosphorylation is one of the most
frequent post-translational
modifications on proteins. It regulates many cellular processes by
modulation of phosphorylation on protein structure and dynamics. However,
the mechanism of phosphorylation-induced conformational changes of
proteins is still poorly understood. Here, we report a computational
study of three representative groups of tyrosine in ADP-ribosylhydrolase
1, serine in BTG2, and serine in Sp100C by using six molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations and quantum chemical calculations. Added phosphorylation
was found to disrupt hydrogen bond, and increase new weak interactions
(hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction) during MD simulations,
leading to conformational changes. Quantum chemical calculations further
indicate that the phosphorylation on tyrosine, threonine, and serine
could decrease the optical band gap energy (<i>E</i><sub>gap</sub>), which can trigger electronic transitions to form or disrupt
interactions easily. Our results provide an atomic and electronic
description of how phosphorylation facilitates conformational and
dynamic changes in proteins, which may be useful for studying protein
function and protein design
MOESM1 of Microbial community compositions in different functional zones of Carrousel oxidation ditch system for domestic wastewater treatment
Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of the six representative full-scale WWTPs. Table S2: Raw and trimmed reads, Good’s coverage, Chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson, and plus numbers of OTUs of the activated sludge samples
Subdiffraction-Limited Plasmonic Imaging with Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles
We
have developed a high-resolution nonfluorescent imaging method
based on superlocalization of gold nanorods (AuNRs). By taking advantage
of their anisotropic optical property of the plasmonic scattering
of AuNRs, selective imaging of only a fraction of AuNRs can be achieved
by rotating the sample relative to the linear polarized illumination
under cross-polarization microscopy with a high NA objective. The
AuNR positions obtained from a series of images could then be used
to reconstruct the overall image. Two AuNRs with center-to-center
distances of 80 nm were successfully resolved. This simple but deterministic
super-resolution imaging technique can potentially be used to fingerprint
optically anisotropic metal nanoparticles and their assemblies for
labeling, sensing, and encryption applications
Data_Sheet_4_Why Is a High Temperature Needed by Thermus thermophilus Argonaute During mRNA Silencing: A Theoretical Study.ZIP
<p>Thermus thermophiles Argonaute (TtAgo) is a complex, which is consisted of 5′-phosphorylated guide DNA and a series of target DNA with catalytic activities at high temperatures. To understand why high temperatures are needed for the catalytic activities, three molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations at 310, 324, and 338K were performed for the TtAgo-DNA complex to explore the conformational changes between 16-mer guide DNA/15-mer target DNA and TtAgo at different temperatures. The simulation results indicate that a collapse of a small β-strand (residues 507–509) at 310 K caused Glu512 to move away from the catalytic residues Asp546 and Asp478, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity, which was not observed in the simulations at 324 and 338 K. The nucleic acid binding channel became enlarged at 324 and 338K, thereby facilitating the DNA to slide in. Binding free energy calculations and hydrogen bond occupancy indicated that the interaction between TtAgo and the DNA was more stable at 324K and 338K than at 310 K. The DNA binding pocket residues Lys575 and Asn590 became less solvent accessible at 324 and 338K than at 310 K to influence hydrophilic interaction with DNA. Our simulation studies shed some light on the mechanism of TtAgo and explained why a high temperature was needed by TtAgo during gene editing of CRISPR.</p
Data_Sheet_2_Why Is a High Temperature Needed by Thermus thermophilus Argonaute During mRNA Silencing: A Theoretical Study.ZIP
<p>Thermus thermophiles Argonaute (TtAgo) is a complex, which is consisted of 5′-phosphorylated guide DNA and a series of target DNA with catalytic activities at high temperatures. To understand why high temperatures are needed for the catalytic activities, three molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations at 310, 324, and 338K were performed for the TtAgo-DNA complex to explore the conformational changes between 16-mer guide DNA/15-mer target DNA and TtAgo at different temperatures. The simulation results indicate that a collapse of a small β-strand (residues 507–509) at 310 K caused Glu512 to move away from the catalytic residues Asp546 and Asp478, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity, which was not observed in the simulations at 324 and 338 K. The nucleic acid binding channel became enlarged at 324 and 338K, thereby facilitating the DNA to slide in. Binding free energy calculations and hydrogen bond occupancy indicated that the interaction between TtAgo and the DNA was more stable at 324K and 338K than at 310 K. The DNA binding pocket residues Lys575 and Asn590 became less solvent accessible at 324 and 338K than at 310 K to influence hydrophilic interaction with DNA. Our simulation studies shed some light on the mechanism of TtAgo and explained why a high temperature was needed by TtAgo during gene editing of CRISPR.</p
The 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis Could Classify Systemic Sclerosis Patients at Earlier Stage: Data from a Chinese EUSTAR Center
<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To evaluate the performance of the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc) in clinical practice in a Chinese patient cohort, and to compare outcomes with the 1980 ACR criteria.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Patients clinically diagnosed with SSc between September 2013 and May 2015 were prospectively recruited from the EUSTAR database of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Diagnosis of SSc was based on the evaluation of three experienced rheumatologists. Patients diagnosed with other connective tissue diseases were recruited as disease controls. The 1980 ACR and 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria were applied to the cohort, and patients who fulfilled the criteria were classified as definite SSc patients. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed for the 2013 and 1980 criteria.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 143 SSc patients and 87 patients with other connective diseases were recruited. 41 (28.7%) and 102 (71.3%) cases were diffuse cutaneous SSc and limited cutaneous SSc, respectively. Although the sensitivity of the 2013 criteria (94.4%) exceeded the 1980 criteria (72.7%) (P<0.001), the 1980 and 2013 criteria sets showed no significant difference in specificity (97.7% and 93.1%, respectively, P = 0.278). The sensitivity of the 2013 criteria was significantly higher than the 1980 criteria in some SSc subgroups (e.g., lcSSc, abnormal pattern of nailfold videocapillaroscopy [NVC] and presence of Raynaud’s phenomenon [RP]) compared to others.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Relative to the 1980 ACR criteria, in Chinese SSc patients the new 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria had similar specificity and higher sensitivity, especially for patients with mild skin thickening or prominent microvascular diseases.</p></div
Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors: Large-Scale Synthesis and Codoping with Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Two-dimensional
carbon nanosheets codoped with N and P species
have been successfully synthesized by a template carbonization method
coupled with nitrogenization and phosphorylation processes using trisodium
citrate dihydrate, melamine, and NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> as C, N, and P sources, respectively. Dopants of N and P
species play crucial roles in the determination of carbon porosities
and electrochemical performance; notably, increasing the P content
can lead to a decrease in the BET surface area together with a corresponding
decrease in the electrochemical performance. For instance, regulating
the mass ratio between the C source and the N and P sources to 2:1
results in the maximum BET surface area of 1340 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>, whereas a ratio of 1:2 results in a decreased value
of only 47 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>. Moreover, the mass
ratio of 1:1 results in superior electrochemical behaviors, with a
maximum energy density that can reach up to 13.3 Wh kg<sup>–1</sup>. The present synthesis method provides an alternative route for
producing N- and P-containing carbon nanostructures with two-dimensional
features, serving as excellent electrode materials for energy propagation
and storage
Integration of Redox Additive in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution and the Adjustment of Potential Windows for Improving the Capacitive Performances of Supercapacitors
Nanoporous carbon material
with large specific surface area (2208 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) and high pore volume (4.15 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>–1</sup>) has been synthesized by the template carbonization method, using
a glucose–zinc nitrate complex as the precursor. Moreover,
adding redox-mediated ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) to an H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte and regulating the potential windows in
a two-electrode system can result in an ultrahigh specific capacitance
of 1499 F g<sup>–1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>–1</sup> and
a high energy density of 58.70 Wh kg<sup>–1</sup>, which are
higher than those of the pristine one without any FAS. These remarkable
improvements are attributed to Faradaic pseudocapacitances by the
reversible Faradaic reactions of FAS as well as the edge active carbons
showing excellent electrosorption toward Fe<sup>2+/3+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and H<sup>+</sup>. Furthermore, regulating the
potential windows also exerts crucial roles in the capacitive performances.
It is revealed that the potential of the −0.5–0.5 V
window can lead to optimum capacitance and energy efficiency
Data_Sheet_3_Why Is a High Temperature Needed by Thermus thermophilus Argonaute During mRNA Silencing: A Theoretical Study.ZIP
<p>Thermus thermophiles Argonaute (TtAgo) is a complex, which is consisted of 5′-phosphorylated guide DNA and a series of target DNA with catalytic activities at high temperatures. To understand why high temperatures are needed for the catalytic activities, three molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations at 310, 324, and 338K were performed for the TtAgo-DNA complex to explore the conformational changes between 16-mer guide DNA/15-mer target DNA and TtAgo at different temperatures. The simulation results indicate that a collapse of a small β-strand (residues 507–509) at 310 K caused Glu512 to move away from the catalytic residues Asp546 and Asp478, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity, which was not observed in the simulations at 324 and 338 K. The nucleic acid binding channel became enlarged at 324 and 338K, thereby facilitating the DNA to slide in. Binding free energy calculations and hydrogen bond occupancy indicated that the interaction between TtAgo and the DNA was more stable at 324K and 338K than at 310 K. The DNA binding pocket residues Lys575 and Asn590 became less solvent accessible at 324 and 338K than at 310 K to influence hydrophilic interaction with DNA. Our simulation studies shed some light on the mechanism of TtAgo and explained why a high temperature was needed by TtAgo during gene editing of CRISPR.</p
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