Comprehensive efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in 15 cities and counties of Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.

Comprehensive efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in 15 cities and counties of Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.</p

Malmquist index of medical and health resource allocation of cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.

Malmquist index of medical and health resource allocation of cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.</p

Proportion of sample areas with DEA effective comprehensive efficiency.

Proportion of sample areas with DEA effective comprehensive efficiency.</p

Malmquist index of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.

Malmquist index of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020.</p

Description of related indicators.

The equity and efficiency of medical and health resource allocation is the key point of health reform in all countries. Poor allocation efficiency of health resources will seriously affect the sustainable and high-quality development of health causes. Hainan Province is the only free trade port with Chinese characteristics in China, which means that Hainan has ushered in a brand-new development under the policy of free trade port. This study aims to adopt policies to improve the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province and provide references for other regions. In this study, the Super-efficiency SBM and Malmquist models were used to analyze the static and dynamic efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in Hainan Province during 2016–2020. The results showed that, statically, the average efficiency of comprehensive allocation of health resources in Hainan Province from 2016 to 2020 was 0.975, showing poor overall performance and significant regional differences. Dynamically, the average index of allocation efficiency of medical and health resources was 0.934, showing a negative growth trend. The technical efficiency and scale efficiency of health resource allocation efficiency showed positive growth, while the technical progress and pure technical efficiency showed negative growth. It shows that it is influenced by both scale efficiency and technological progress, among which technological progress is the key factor. Therefore, some policy suggestions are put forward to further optimize the allocation of medical and health resources and improve utilization efficiency.</div

The concentrations of Σ₁₆PAEs in (A) soils of 0–10 cm, (B) soils of 10–20 cm and (C) soils of 20–40 cm from vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula.

<p>The concentrations of Σ₁₆PAEs in (A) soils of 0–10 cm, (B) soils of 10–20 cm and (C) soils of 20–40 cm from vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula.</p

Schematic map showing the geographical location of (A) Shandong Peninsula and (B) the vegetable soil sampling sites in 4 regions in the Shandong Peninsula (solid round: Qingdao; solid diamond: Weihai; circle: Weifang; diamond: Yantai).

<p>Schematic map showing the geographical location of (A) Shandong Peninsula and (B) the vegetable soil sampling sites in 4 regions in the Shandong Peninsula (solid round: Qingdao; solid diamond: Weihai; circle: Weifang; diamond: Yantai).</p

The compositions of PAEs in (A) soils of 0–10 cm, (B) soils of 10–20 cm and (C) soils of 20–40 cm from vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula.

<p>The compositions of PAEs in (A) soils of 0–10 cm, (B) soils of 10–20 cm and (C) soils of 20–40 cm from vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula.</p

Comparisons of PAEs contents in agricultural soils in China (mg/kg).

<p>Comparisons of PAEs contents in agricultural soils in China (mg/kg).</p

Supramolecular Aggregate as a High-Efficiency Gene Carrier Mediated with Optimized Assembly Structure

For cancer gene therapy, a safe and high-efficient gene carrier is a must. To resolve the contradiction between gene transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, many polymers with complex topological structures have been synthesized, although their synthesis processes and structure control are difficult as well as the high molecular weight also bring high cytotoxicity. We proposed an alternative strategy that uses supramolecular inclusion to construct the aggregate from the small molecules for gene delivery, and to further explore the relationship between the topological assembly structure and their ability to deliver gene. Herein, PEI-1.8k-conjugating β-CD through 6-hydroxyl (PEI-6-CD) and 2-hydroxyl (PEI-2-CD) have been synthesized respectively and then assembled with diferrocene (Fc)-ended polyethylene glycol (PEG-Fc). The obtained aggregates were then used to deliver MMP-9 shRNA plasmid for MCF-7 cancer therapy. It was found that the higher gene transfection efficiency can be obtained by selecting PEI-2-CD as the host and tuning the host/guest molar ratios. With the rational modulation of supramolecular architectures, the aggregate played the functions similar to macromolecules which exhibit higher transfection efficiency than PEI-25k, but show much lower cytotoxicity because of the nature of small/low molecules. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed that the aggregate could deliver MMP-9 shRNA plasmid effectively into MCF-7 cells and then downregulate MMP-9 expression, which induced the significant MCF-7 cell apoptosis, as well inhibit MCF-7 tumor growth with low toxicity. The supramolecular aggregates maybe become a promising carrier for cancer gene therapy and also provided an alternative strategy for designing new gene carriers