168 research outputs found
¿Qué nos ha enseñado la pandemia?
El 31 de diciembre de 2019 la Comisión Municipal de Salud y Sanidad de Wuhan (China) comunicó 27 casos de neumonÃa, siete de ellos graves, de etiologÃa desconocida.
El 12 de enero de 2020 las autoridades chinas compartieron la secuencia genética del agente causal. Se trataba de un coronavirus, hasta entonces desconocido, que denominaron SARS-CoV-2
The perception and attitudes of pharmacists and their users towards vaccination and vaccinehesitancy. A cross sectional study
Background and objectives: The increase in vaccine hesitancy threatens advances in public health and causes vaccine-preventable diseases outbreaks in infra-vaccinated communities. This study aims to determine and compare the perception and attitudes towards vaccination among pharmacy users, pharmacy students and community pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted during March and April 2020, surveying perceptions and attitudes towards vaccination in Barcelona (Spain). Statistical analysis was assessed by chi2 test and multivariate regression. Statistical significance when P < .05. The association measure of Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. Results: A high percentage of hesitant opinions (44%) among pharmacy users was observed, despite high vaccine coverage (80%). Some showed mistrust in the health system (23.3%) and a statistically significant association was found between previous negative experiences with vaccination and hesitant attitudes (OR: 3.04; 95%CI 1.16 to 7.93; P = .02). Of all surveyed pharmacy users, those over 44 years old showed a stronger hesitant attitude towards vaccines (OR: 2.63; 95%CI 1.11 to 6.19; P = .03), and 40% undervalued influenza vaccine, including risk groups. Both pharmacy students and community pharmacists had a positive attitude towards vaccination. While only 16% of surveyed pharmacists vaccinated against influenza during the 2019/2020 influenza seasonal campaign, most of them considered their vaccination important to the profession (61%). Conclusions: Active promotion and education of the population and reliable communication on vaccines are some of the needs that community pharmacists can solve, claiming their role as highly qualified health professionals in daily contact with the population
Qué hemos hecho bien en España para controlar la covid-19 tan rápido
La nanotecnologÃa aporta a los estudiantes la posibilidad de entender y practicar tecnologÃa y pensar en los retos globales del futuro de manera práctica y positiva
Covid-19: ¿Por qué son necesarias las dosis de refuerzo?
La administración de dosis de refuerzo con vacuna distinta a la utilizada para la primovacunación es segura y la persona vacunada queda mejor protegida
Epidemiology of measles virus outbreaks in Catalonia: importance of immunization in the elimination era
Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704Eradicating measles represents a major public health achievement, yet outbreaks still occur in territories where endemic measles virus (MV) had been eliminated. In Catalonia from the year 2000 cases have occurred as isolated cases or small outbreaks, both linked to imported cases up to the end of 2006 when a large outbreak started out affecting mainly children ≤15m. In consequence, immunization schedule was amended lowering first dose to 12m. Again new MV importations from neighboring countries triggered another outbreak on November 2010 with a different age distribution sparing small children from infection. Differences in incidence (IR), rate ratio (RR) and 95% CI and hospitalization rate (HR) by age group were determined. Statistic z was used for comparing proportions. Total number of confirmed cases was 305 vs 381 in 2006; mean age 20 yrs (SD 14.8yrs; 3m -51yrs) vs 15m (SD13.1yrs; 1m-50yrs). Highest proportion of cases was set in ≥25yrs (47%) vs 24.2% in 2006 (p<0.001). Difference in IR for ≤ 15m was statistically significant (49/100,000 vs 278.2/100,000; RR:3.9; 95%CI 2.9-5.4) and in HR 30.2% vs 15.7% (p<0.001). The change of the month of administration of the first dose proved successful. Given the current epidemiological situation, continued awareness and efforts to reach young adult population are needed to stop the spread of the virus
Evolució de les malalties immunoprevenibles. Catalunya, 1983-2003
Malalties immunoprevenibles; Eradicació; Vigilà ncia i controlVaccine-preventable illnesses; Eradication; Surveillance and controlEnfermedades inmunoprevenibles; Erradicación; Vigilancia y controlL'anà lisi de les notificacions que els professionals sanitaris realitzen al sistema de notificacions de malalties de declaració obligatòria permet descriure l'evolució al llarg del temps i conèixer la tendència mostrada per cada una. En aquest article s'exposa l’evolució d’aquestes malalties, tot utilitzant les dades que han estat publicades en els resums anuals de les malalties de declaració obligatòria i altres articles del BEC.The analysis of notifications registered by health professionals to notifiable diseases system allows to describe the evolution over time and know the trend shown by each of them. This article discusses the evolution of these diseases, using data that have been published in the annual summaries of notifiable diseases and in other BEC articles.El análisis de las notificaciones que los profesionales sanitarios realizan en el sistema de notificaciones de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria permite describir la evolución a lo largo del tiempo y conocer la tendencia mostrada por cada una. En este artÃculo se expone la evolución de estas enfermedades, utilizando los datos que han sido publicadas en los resúmenes anuales de las enfermedades de declaración obligatoria y otros artÃculos del BEC
Geographical differences in wooping cough in Catalonia, Spain, from 1990 to 2010
BACKGROUND: Whooping cough is a communicable disease whose incidence has increased in recent years in some countries with vaccination. Since 1981, in Catalonia (Spain), cases must be reported to the Public Health Department. In 1997, surveillance changed from aggregated counts to individual report and the surveillance system was improved after 2002. Catalan public health is universal with equal coverage geographically. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in whooping cough incidence in rural and urban counties. METHODS: Cases in 1990-2010 were classified as rural or urban. Incidences and risk ratios (RR) between urban and rural counties and 95% CI were calculated. Associations between rural and urban counties and structural changes during the study period were analysed. RESULTS: Twelve years of the whole study period showed differences in incidence between rural and urban counties. The incidence was higher in urban counties in seven years and rural counties in five years. There was a positive association of whooping cough incidence in rural and urban counties in four-week periods. Structural changes were detected in the following four-week periods: 4th in 1993, 7th in 1996 and 3rd 2005 in rural counties and 5th 1993, 9th in 1996 and 8th in 2007 in urban counties. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in whooping cough between rural and urban counties were found. In most years, the incidence was higher in urban than in rural counties. Rural and urban counties show similar cyclic behaviour when four-week periods were considered
Economic costs of outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis due to norovirus in Catalonia (Spain), 2010-2011
Background To determine the direct and indirect costs of outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis (AVG) due to norovirus in closed institutions (hospitals, social health centers or nursing homes) and the community in Catalonia in 2010-11. Methods Information on outbreaks were gathered from the reports made by epidemiological surveillance units. Direct costs (medical visits, hospital stays, drug treatment, sample processing, transport, diagnostic tests, monitoring and control of the outbreaks investigated) and indirect costs (lost productivity due to work absenteeism, caregivers time and working hours lost due to medical visits) were calculated. Results Twenty-seven outbreaks affecting 816 people in closed institutions and 74 outbreaks affecting 1,940 people in the community were detected. The direct and indirect costs of outbreaks were ¿ 131,997.36 (¿ 4,888.79 per outbreak) in closed institutions and ¿ 260,557.16 (¿ 3,521.04 per outbreak) in community outbreaks. The cost per case was ¿ 161.76 in outbreaks in closed institutions and ¿ 134.31 in community outbreaks. The main costs were surveillance unit monitoring (¿ 116,652.93), laboratory diagnoses (¿ 119,950.95), transport of samples (¿ 69,970.90), medical visits (¿ 25,250.50) and hospitalization (¿ 13,400.00). Conclusions The cost of outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis due to norovirus obtained in this study was influenced by the number of people affected and the severity of the outbreak, which determined hospitalizations and work absenteeism. Urgent reporting of outbreaks would allow the implementation of control measures that could reduce the numbers affected and the duration of the illness and thus the costs derived from them
- …