Evaluation of the Behavior of Cashew Genotypes with Regard to Bacterial Disease in Agroforestry Farms in Northern Côte d'Ivoire

Notwithstanding the inflows of currency for the populations who practice it, the cultivation of the cashew tree contributes to strengthening the forestry agrosystem in Côte d'Ivoire. However, this culture, with multiple interests, is confronted with attacks from parasites including bacterial disease. Bacterial disease causes extensive damage to vegetative organs as well as fruits and causes yield losses. The objective of this study is to assess the behavior of cashew genotypes in relation to the severity and incidence of bacterial disease in the context of agroforestry production in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, 1.200 branches were observed to assess the tolerance or sensitivity of 30 cashew trees in agroforestry orchards of cashew trees in the localities of Korhogo, Sinématiali and Boundiali. These cashew genotypes were selected and geolocated. The factor studied is the cashew genotype, composed of 30 cashew genotypes, with 6 modalities which are the severity index of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease. bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts. The data collected that are the index of severity of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts, the incidence of bacterial disease on leaves, twigs and nuts have made the subject to descriptive analysis and PCA. The ascending hierarchical classification (HAC) and multivariate analysis completed the data analysis. The results obtained revealed three groups of cashew trees. Those of group 3 made up of twelve (12) genotypes, namely SYDN, SDYY, SDYN and KBSD coming from the localities of Sinématiali and Korhogo, differ from the others by a weak infection of the nuts (8.67 ± 2.74). The genotypes in this group are more resilient and their development in an agroforestry system could help promote  agroecological management of bacterial disease, improve and intensify agroforestry practices in C. d'Ivoire

Effets du traitement des plants de riz (Oryza sativa L.) au chlorure de sodium sur la synthèse et accumulation des sucres totaux et des composés phénoliques ethanosolubles dans les feuilles et racines

Objectif: Ce travail a été réalisé pour évaluer la capacité du riz (Oryza sativa L.) à élaborer des stratégies d’acclimatation au stress salin en prenant la teneur des feuilles et racines en sucres totaux et composés phénoliques comme références. Ces composés sont synthétisés au cours du stress abiotique chez la plupart les plantes.Méthodologie et Résultats: Les plants de 7, 60 et 90 jours des variétés Zouhn-kinmin et Kpeulia ont été traités au NaCl 5 ou 10 gL-1, et le dosage à 0, 1, 2, 3 et 4ème jours après traitement. Les résultats indiquent une quantité importante de sucres totaux avec 5 gL-1 de NaCl chez les plants de Zouhn-kinmin de 60 jours [562,83 (feuilles) et 222,83 (racines) μg Glucose gMF-1]. Chez Kpeulia, l’accumulation a été maximale avec 10 gL-1 de NaCl. Chez ces variétés, la synthèse des phénols a été forte dans les feuilles et racines des lants de 90 jours avec NaCl 5 gL-1.Conclusion et Application des résultats: La teneur en sucres totaux et en composés phénoliques exprimée chez ces deux variétés montre que la variété Zouhn-kinmin serait plus tolérante au stress salin pendant la phase végétative et la variété Kpeulia à la phase de reproduction. Pour l’étude donc du comportement desplants de riz au taux souvent élevé dans le sol des engrais mal appliqués, le NaCl peut être utilisé.Mots clés: Oryza sativa, stress salin, sucres totaux, composés phénoliquesEnglish AbstractObjective: This work was done to evaluate ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to develop salt stress acclimation strategies by taking leaf and root content of total sugars and phenolic compounds as references. These compounds are synthesized during abiotic stress in most plantsMethodology and Results: Plants of 7, 60 and 90 days of Zouhn-kinmin and Kpeulia varieties were treated with NaCl 5 or 10 gL-1, and dosage at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after treatment. Results indicate a significant amount of total sugars with 5 gL-1 of NaCl in Zouhn-kinmin plants of 60 days [562.83 (leaves) and 222.83  (roots) μg Glucose gMF-1]. In Kpeulia, accumulation was maximal with 10 gL-1 of NaCl. In these varieties, phenol synthesis was strong in leaves and roots of 90-day-old plants with NaCl 5 gL-1.Conclusion and Application of results: Total sugar and phenol compound content expressed in these two varieties shows that Zouhn-kinmin variety is more tolerant of salt stress during vegetative phase and Kpeulia variety in reproductive phase. For study of the behavior of rice plants at the often high rate in the soil of poorly applied fertilizers, NaCl can be used.Keywords: Oryza sativa, salt stress, total sugars, phenolic compound