Pea and faba bean symbiosis with Rhizobium.

Trial 89WH55, 89KA57, 89M26, 90A12, 90A13, 90M59, 90M60 Location: Merredin, Konnongorring, Dalwallinu, Wongan Hills, Kojonup, Avondale Research Station. To undertake relevant field studies to establish whether there are constraints to pea and bean symbiosis, arising from management, environment or genetics, and affecting crop N accumulation and productivity. Trial 90BA60 Using Le-mat (omethoate) insecticide and legume inoculant on seed. Location: Badgingarra Research Station, To measure the effect of Lemat on the nodulation and growth of medics and luceme

Population Genetics of Perennial Ryegrass (\u3cem\u3eLolium Perenne\u3c/em\u3e L.): Differentiation of Pasture and Turf Cultivars

Cultivar differentiation using molecular markers to assess genetic variation may be of value in obtaining or protecting plant breeders rights. A knowledge of genetic variation and how it is structured within perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations will also help us understand the consequences to fitness and adaptation when implementing molecular breeding strategies. In a study of the population genetic structure of a number of perennial ryegrass varieties we examined the cultivar differentiation potential of marker technology

Lower Bounds for Heights in Relative Galois Extensions

The goal of this paper is to obtain lower bounds on the height of an algebraic number in a relative setting, extending previous work of Amoroso and Masser. Specifically, in our first theorem we obtain an effective bound for the height of an algebraic number $\alpha$ when the base field $\mathbb{K}$ is a number field and $\mathbb{K}(\alpha)/\mathbb{K}$ is Galois. Our second result establishes an explicit height bound for any non-zero element $\alpha$ which is not a root of unity in a Galois extension $\mathbb{F}/\mathbb{K}$, depending on the degree of $\mathbb{K}/\mathbb{Q}$ and the number of conjugates of $\alpha$ which are multiplicatively independent over $\mathbb{K}$. As a consequence, we obtain a height bound for such $\alpha$ that is independent of the multiplicative independence condition

Application of Molecular Technologies in Forage Plant Breeding

Key points A range of molecular breeding technologies have been developed for forage plant species including both transgenic and non-transgenic methodologies. The application of these technologies has the potential to greatly increase the range of genetic variation that is available for incorporation into breeding programs and subsequent delivery to producers in the form of improved germplasm. Further developments in detailing the phenotypic effect of genes and alleles both through research in target species and through inference from results from model species will further refine the delivery of new forage cultivars

Genetic Analysis of the Interaction Between the Host Perennial Ryegrass and the Crown Rust Pathogen (\u3cem\u3ePuccinia Coronata\u3c/em\u3e F.SP. \u3cem\u3eLolii\u3c/em\u3e)

Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f.sp lolii) is the most important fungal pathogen of perennial ryegrass (L.perenne L.). The physiological effects associated with infection include reduction of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves, causing decreased dry matter yield, digestibility and palatability for herbivores reared for meat, milk and wool production. Phenotypic variability of rust-infection in perennial ryegrass is likely to be due to environmental effects, as well as the interaction of defence and resistance genes in the grass and virulence genes in the pathogen. Classical and molecular genetic marker-based studies have previously detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance, due respectively to major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL). In addition, evidence for physiological race variation has been demonstrated for P. coronata f.sp. avenae, the causative organisms of crown rust in oat, and has been inferred for P. coronata f.sp. lolii. Evaluation of genotypic variation in both the host and pathogen is consequently important for the analysis of the interaction

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in White Clover (\u3cem\u3eTrifolium Repens\u3c/em\u3e L.) Through Measurement of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Polymorphism

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a key important temperate pasture legume. Due to the obligate outbreeding nature of white clover, individual genotypes within cultivars are highly genetically heterogeneous. Genetic diversity has been assessed within and between 16 elite cultivars derived from Europe, North and South America, New Zealand and Australia

Genetic Analysis of the Interaction Between Perennial Ryegrass and the Fungal Endophyte \u3cem\u3eNeotyphodium Lolii\u3c/em\u3e

The fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii is widely distributed in perennial ryegrass pastures, especially in Australia and New Zealand. The presence of the endophyte is associated with improved tolerance to water and nutrient stress and resistance to insect pests, but is accompanied by reduced herbivore feeding. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these endophyte-related traits are in general poorly understood. Comparisons of different grass-endophyte associations show that endophyte-related traits are affected by both endophyte and host genotype, and environmental interactions

RAMAN STUDY OF FERROELECTRIC BARTUM BISMUTH TITANATE

Barium bismuth titanate, BaBi4Ti4O15 has been extensively studied for its feroelectric and other excellent properties. BaBi4Ti4O15 is a candidate material for high temperature piezoelectric applications, memory storage, and optical displays because of its high Curie temperature and electro-optical properties. This family of bismuth oxides, discovered more than 60 years ago by Aurivillius [1]. The structure of the Aurivillius family of compounds consist of (Bi2O2)2+ layers interleaved with perovskite-like (An-1BnO3n+3)2- layers. BaBi4Ti4O15 as the n = 4 member of the Aurivillius family has Ba ions at the I sites and Ti ions at the .B sites of the perovskite (An-1BnO3n+3)2- block ((Bi2O2)2- .((BaBi4Ti4O15)2-) (Fig. 1). It has a high Curie temperature of 417 C [2]. The crystal structure of BaBi4Ti4O15 can be described by an orthorhombic or a pseudotetragonal unit cell. BaBi4Ti4O15 was prepared by homogenization and sintering of mixture of stoichiometric quantities of barium titanate and bismuth titanate obtained via mechanochemical synthesis. Barium titanate, BaTiO3 has been synthesised from mixture of oxides BaO and TiO2 and bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti4O15 was prepared starting from mixture of Bi2O3 and TiO2, commercially available. The reaction mechanism of BaBi4Ti4O15 formation and the characteristics of BBT powders and ceramics were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, particle size analysis and SEM. The Bi-layered perovskite structure of BaBi4Ti4O15 forms by solid state reaction and sintering at 1100 C. Microstructure of bismuth perovskite - layered materials exhibit plate-lit<e grains. The Ba2+ addition leads to the change in the microstructure development, particularly in the change of the average grain size. The noticed mode at 160 cm-r is ascribed to the vibration of rigid-layer modes that are typical in these layered structures where a layer makes vibrations as a whole. The mode at 280 cm-1 arises from TiO6 octahedral vibrations and represents a combination made of bending-stretching vibrations. The two modes of Bi4Ti4O15 around 537 cm-1 and 615 cm-1 change into a band in Bi4Ti4O15 (A=Ba) around 558cm-1. This fact can be due to the line-broadening of the two modes caused by the structural disorder in BaBi4Ti4O15 [3]. Hence this mode corresponds to the vibration in a -pseudo-perovskite layer. Also, the mode at 880 cm-l, whose frequency amounts 851 cm-1 in the case of a pure Bi4Ti4O15 compound, depends on the sort of ions which are embedded in the lattice instead of Bi. The most probably, these vibrations are closely related to the vibrations of the Ba-O bond