Levels of serum YKL-40 (A) and CRP (B) in acute ischemic stroke patients and controls.

<p>Each box indicates the median. Horizontal lines indicate the interquartile ranges. (<b>C</b>) Diagnostic accuracies of serum YKL-40 and CRP for discriminating acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 100; for statistical assessment of the differences between D1 and D2, 5 of 105 patients were excluded because they [n = 5] dropped out of the D2 test) from controls (n = 34) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Numbers in square brackets indicate diagnostic accuracies (area under the ROC curves). D1, within 12 hours of symptom onset; D2, 18–24 hours from baseline (D1); CRP, C-reactive protein. *<i>P</i><0.05. ^a<i>P</i><0.05, vs. YKL-40 on D2. ^b<i>P</i><0.05, vs. CRP on D1. ^c<i>P</i><0.05, vs. CRP on D2. ^d<i>P</i><0.05, vs. YKL-40 on D1.</p

Multivariate-Adjusted odds ratios for Poor Functional Outcome Depend on D2 Serum YKL-40.

<p>D2, 18–24 hours from baseline; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>Reference OR (1.00) is the lowest tertile of YKL-40 for poor outcome (mRS 4–6).</p>b<p>Adjusted factors: A = age and sex; B = A + hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking; C = B+ previous stroke and D2 C-reactive protein level.</p>c<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p

Correlation of YKL-40 and CRP Levels with Stroke Severity, Infarct volume, and Functional Outcome.

<p>D1, within 12 hours of symptom onset; D2, 18–24 hours from baseline (D1); CRP, C-reactive protein; NIHSS, National.</p><p>Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p

Demographic Characteristics of AIS Patients and Controls.

<p>AIS, acute ischemic stroke; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria; SVO, small-vessel occlusion or lacunar; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis or atherothrombosis; CE, cardioembolic; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IQR, interquartile range; NT, not tested; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05.</p

Levels of serum YKL-40 (A) and CRP (B) depend on stroke subtype (in noncardiogenic stroke).

<p>Each box indicates the median. Horizontal lines indicate the interquartile ranges. D1, within 12 hours of symptom onset; D2, 18–24 hours from baseline (D1); CRP, C-reactive protein; SVO, small-vessel occlusion or lacunar; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis or atherothrombosis. *<i>P</i><0.05.</p

Temporal changes in YKL-40 (A) and CRP (B) levels following acute ischemic stroke.

<p>Open markers indicate serially analyzed protein levels in each patient. Each box indicates the median, and the closed markers indicate the interquartile ranges. D1, within 12 hours of symptom onset; D2, 18–24 hours from baseline (D1); D3, 36–48 hours from baseline; CRP, C-reactive protein. *<i>P</i><0.05.</p