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Advanced Marketing Finance 4B
Exam paper for second semeste
Aseptic meningitis in a patient taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report
Background \ud
We report a case of a 53 year old lady recently commenced on etanercept, an anti-TNF (tumour necrosis factor) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis presenting with \ud
confusion, pyrexia and an erythematous rash. \ud
\ud
Case presentation \ud
A lumbar puncture was highly suggestive of bacterial meningitis, but CSF cultures produced no growth, and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for all previously reported bacterial, fungal and viral causes of meningitis were negative. \ud
\ud
Conclusions \ud
This case report describes aseptic meningitis as a previously unreported complication of etanercept therapy, and serves as a reminder of the rare but potentially lifethreatening risk of serious infections in patients taking anti-TNF therapy for a variety of conditions
The sedimentology of river confluences
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Channel confluences are key nodes within large river networks, and yet surprisingly little is known about their spatial and temporal evolution. Moreover, because confluences are associated with vertical scour that typically extends to several times the mean channel depth, the deposits associated with such scours should have a high preservation potential within the rock record. Paradoxically, such scours are rarely observed, and their preservation and sedimentological interpretation are poorly understood. The present study details results from a physicallyâbased morphodynamic model that is applied to simulate the evolution and alluvial architecture of large river junctions. Boundary conditions within the model were defined to approximate the junction of the Ganges and Jamuna rivers, Bangladesh, with the model output being supplemented by geophysical datasets collected at this junction. The numerical simulations reveal several distinct styles of sedimentary fill that are related to the morphodynamic behaviour of bars, confluence scour downstream of braid bars, bend scour and major junction scour. Comparison with existing, largely qualitative, conceptual models reveals that none of these can be applied simply, although elements of each are evident in the deposits generated by the numerical simulation and observed in the geophysical data. The characteristics of the simulated scour deposits are found to vary according to the degree of reworking caused by channel migration, a factor not considered adequately in current conceptual models of confluence sedimentology. The alluvial architecture of major junction scours is thus characterized by the prevalence of erosion surfaces in conjunction with the thickest depositional sets. Confluence scour downstream of braid bar and bend scour sites may preserve some large individual sets, but these locations are typically characterized by lower average set thickness compared to major junction scour and by a lack of largeâscale erosional surfaces. Areas of deposition not related to any of the specific scour types highlighted above record the thinnest depositional sets. This variety in the alluvial architecture of scours may go some way towards explaining the paradox of ancient junction scours, that while abundant large scours are likely in the rock record, they have been reported rarely. The present results outline the likely range of confluence sedimentology and will serve as a new tool for recognizing and interpreting these deposits in the ancient fluvial record.This work was funded by a UK Natural Environment Research Council award to Sambrook Smith (NE/I023228/1), Bull (NE/I023864/1) and Nicholas (NE/I023120/1)
The planform mobility of river channel confluences: Insights from analysis of remotely sensed imagery
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.River channel confluences are widely acknowledged as important geomorphological nodes that control the downstream routing of water and sediment, and which are locations for the preservation of thick fluvial deposits overlying a basal scour. Despite their importance, there has been little study of the stratigraphic characteristics of river junctions, or the role of confluence morphodynamics in influencing stratigraphic character and preservation potential. As a result, although it is known that confluences can migrate through time, models of confluence geomorphology and sedimentology are usually presented from the perspective that the confluence remains at a fixed location. This is problematic for a number of reasons, not least of which is the continuing debate over whether it is possible to discriminate between scour that has been generated by autocyclic processes (such as confluence scour) and that driven by allocyclic controls (such as sea-level change). This paper investigates the spatial mobility of river confluences by using the 40-year record of Landsat Imagery to elucidate the styles, rates of change and areal extent over which large river confluence scours may migrate. On the basis of these observations, a new classification of the types of confluence scour is proposed and applied to the Amazon and Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) basins. This analysis demonstrates that the drivers of confluence mobility are broadly the same as those that drive channel change more generally. Thus in the GBM basin, a high sediment supply, large variability in monsoonal driven discharge and easily erodible bank materials result in a catchment where over 80% of large confluences are mobile over this 40-year window; conversely this figure is < 40% for the Amazon basin. These results highlight that: i) the potential areal extent of confluence scours is much greater than previously assumed, with the location of some confluences on the Jamuna (Brahmaputra) River migrating over a distance of 20 times the tributary channel width; ii) extensive migration in the confluence location is more common than currently assumed, and iii) confluence mobility is often tied to the lithological and hydrological characteristics of the drainage basins that determine sediment yield.This work was funded by NERC grant NE/I023228/1 to Sambrook Smith, Bull, Nicholas and Best
A network-based dynamical ranking system for competitive sports
From the viewpoint of networks, a ranking system for players or teams in
sports is equivalent to a centrality measure for sports networks, whereby a
directed link represents the result of a single game. Previously proposed
network-based ranking systems are derived from static networks, i.e.,
aggregation of the results of games over time. However, the score of a player
(or team) fluctuates over time. Defeating a renowned player in the peak
performance is intuitively more rewarding than defeating the same player in
other periods. To account for this factor, we propose a dynamic variant of such
a network-based ranking system and apply it to professional men's tennis data.
We derive a set of linear online update equations for the score of each player.
The proposed ranking system predicts the outcome of the future games with a
higher accuracy than the static counterparts.Comment: 6 figure
Progress in One-Loop QCD Computations
We review progress in calculating one-loop scattering amplitudes required for
next-to-leading-order corrections to QCD processes. The underlying technical
developments include the spinor helicity formalism, color decompositions,
supersymmetry, string theory, factorization and unitarity. We provide explicit
examples illustrating these techniques.Comment: To appear in Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science (1996
Tertiary hypothyroidism in a dog
<p/> <p>A nine-year-old male entire Labrador was diagnosed with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Following seven months of successful mitotane therapy, the dog presented with marked weight gain, seborrhoea and alopecia. Routine clinicopathological analyses revealed marked hypercholesterolaemia. Serum total and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations were below their respective reference ranges. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentration was within reference range. TSH and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) response tests revealed adequate stimulation of total T4 in both, and cTSH in the latter test. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass arising from the pituitary fossa, with suprasellar extension. A diagnosis of tertiary hypothyroidism was made. Following four weeks of levothyroxine therapy, circulating cholesterol concentration had declined, weight loss had ensued and dermatological abnormalities had improved. Euthanasia was performed four months later due to the development of neurological signs. A highly infiltrative pituitary adenoma, with effacement of the overlying hypothalamus was identified on post mortem examination. Tertiary hypothyroidism has not been previously reported in dogs.</p
Single-valued harmonic polylogarithms and the multi-Regge limit
We argue that the natural functions for describing the multi-Regge limit of
six-gluon scattering in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory are the
single-valued harmonic polylogarithmic functions introduced by Brown. These
functions depend on a single complex variable and its conjugate, (w,w*). Using
these functions, and formulas due to Fadin, Lipatov and Prygarin, we determine
the six-gluon MHV remainder function in the leading-logarithmic approximation
(LLA) in this limit through ten loops, and the next-to-LLA (NLLA) terms through
nine loops. In separate work, we have determined the symbol of the four-loop
remainder function for general kinematics, up to 113 constants. Taking its
multi-Regge limit and matching to our four-loop LLA and NLLA results, we fix
all but one of the constants that survive in this limit. The multi-Regge limit
factorizes in the variables (\nu,n) which are related to (w,w*) by a
Fourier-Mellin transform. We can transform the single-valued harmonic
polylogarithms to functions of (\nu,n) that incorporate harmonic sums,
systematically through transcendental weight six. Combining this information
with the four-loop results, we determine the eigenvalues of the BFKL kernel in
the adjoint representation to NNLLA accuracy, and the MHV product of impact
factors to NNNLLA accuracy, up to constants representing beyond-the-symbol
terms and the one symbol-level constant. Remarkably, only derivatives of the
polygamma function enter these results. Finally, the LLA approximation to the
six-gluon NMHV amplitude is evaluated through ten loops.Comment: 71 pages, 2 figures, plus 10 ancillary files containing analytic
expressions in Mathematica format. V2: Typos corrected and references added.
V3: Typos corrected; assumption about single-Reggeon exchange made explici
Aseptic meningitis in a patient taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report
© 2008 Booker et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
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