Is it efficient to co-compost and co-vermicompost green waste with biochar and/or clay to reduce CO2 emissions? A short-term laboratory experiment on (vermi)composts with additives.

Is it efficient to co-compost and co-vermicompost green waste with biochar and/or clay to reduce CO2 emissions? A short-term laboratory experiment on (vermi)composts with additives.. EGU, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 201

Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years

Repeated applications of compost and manure mainly affect the size and chemical nature of particulate organic matter in a loamy soil after 8 years. EGU2013 European Geosciences Union General Assembly 201

Soil organic matter molecular composition and state of decomposition in three locations of the European Arctic

Increased mineralization of the organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost is expected to constitute the largest additional global warming potential from terrestrial ecosystems exposed to a warmer climate. Chemical composition of permafrost OM is thought to be a key factor controlling the sensitivity of decomposition to warming. Our objective was to characterise OM from permafrost soils of the European Arctic: two mineral soils—Adventdalen, Svalbard, Norway and Vorkuta, northwest Russia— and a ‘‘palsa’’ (ice-cored peat mound patterning in heterogeneous permafrost landscapes) soil in Neiden, northern Norway, in terms of molecular composition and state of decomposition. At all sites, the OM stored in the permafrost was at an advanced stage of decomposition, although somewhat less so in the palsa peat. By comparing permafrost and active layers, we found no consistent effect of depth or permafrost on soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry across sites. The permafrost-affected palsa peat displayed better preservation of plant material in the deeper layer, as indicated by increasing contribution of lignin carbon to total carbon with depth, associated to decreasing acid (Ac) to aldehyde (Al) ratio of the syringyl (S) and vanillyl (V) units, and increasing S/V and contribution of plant-derived sugars. By contrast, in Adventdalen, the Ac/Al ratio of lignin and the Alkyl C to O-alkyl C ratio in the NMR spectra increased with depth, which suggests less oxidized SOM in the active layer compared to the permafrost layer. In Vorkuta, SOM characteristics in the permafrost profile did not change substantially with depth, probably due to mixing of soil layers by cryoturbation. The composition and state of decomposition of SOM appeared to be site-specific, in particular bound to the prevailing organic or mineral nature of soil when attempting to predict the SOM proneness to degradation. The occurrence of processes such as palsa formation in organic soils and cryoturbation should be considered when up-scaling and predicting the responses of OM to climate change in arctic soils.acceptedVersio

Microplastic Detection in Soil Amended With Municipal Solid Waste Composts as Revealed by Transmission Electronic Microscopy and Pyrolysis/GC/MS

Urban compost application in agroecosystems enhances soil fertility but can also be a source of (micro) plastics, which are not completely removed during the composting process. Knowledge of the fate of these plastics in regularly-amended soils is thus an issue for the environmental management of these soils. The aims of this study were (1) to develop a method combining soil fractionation, microscopic observation and chemical characterization to follow the fate of plastics in soils and (2) to apply this method on a long-term experimental field, where municipal solid waste composts were applied every other year during 10 years. The presence of plastics was investigated within compost and soil fractions using morphological and analytical characterization by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM-EDX) and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py/GC/MS). Specific features of plastics allowed us to distinguish these polymers from soil organic matter even in the <200 μm soil fractions. Ti and Ba detection associated with these features, as they are initially added during the polymer production, also constituted plastic tracers within organo-mineral fractions. Plastic fragments as detected by TEM were less abundant in the fine soil fractions compared to the coarsest ones. The abundance of styrene produced upon pyrolysis, used as a molecular tracer of plastics, also decreased relative to produced toluene according to the same particle size gradient. Our results evidenced that plastics and microplastics were present in the soil that was amended for 10 years with compost, while not in the control soil. MPs were mostly observed as individualized particles, present in the coarsest fractions as well as some of the fine soil fractions, but they were little associated with the soil matrix. They mostly did not show any degradation features such as microbial lysis. We thus suggest that their evolution in soil was mainly due to fragmentation. Our methodological approach provides tools to monitor the fate of microplastics over time and specify the contribution of such contaminants in soil amended with bio-based products

Devenir des microplastiques dans les sols – quels indicateurs des sources, teneurs et impacts pour la qualité et la santé des sols ? (Projet PlastiSol)

International audienc

Effets des amendements organiques sur les teneurs en microplastiques de sols agricoles – retour d’expérience et perspectives de recherche

International audienc

La construction d’un collectif scientifique créatif et bienveillant par la mobilisation des émotions et des sens à travers les liens sciences-art : Le Réseau Matières Organiques

International audienceCONSTRUCTION OF A CREATIVE AND WELCOMING SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIVE THROUGH THE MOBILIZATION OF EMOTIONS AND SENSES VIA SCIENCE-ART LINKS:The french Organic Matter NetworkCompetition, publication, projects, funding, career: researchers are "squeezed like lem-ons". These pressures can erode their creativity. For the past ten years, the Organic Matter Network has been organizing research schools, with a major part devoted to original creative activities based on the sensorial, artistic or poetic perception of its research themes. We analyze in this article how the approach developed during these research schools, without constraint and following the desires of the group, has contributed to build a creative and friendly research collective. We try to formalize this approach and to evaluate its results.Concurrence, compétition, publication, projets, financement, carrière : les chercheurs sont « pressés comme des citrons ». Ces pressions peuvent briser leur créativité. Le Réseau Matières Organiques organise depuis dix ans des écoles-chercheurs laissant une large part à des ateliers créatifs originaux basés sur la perception sensorielle, artistique ou poétique de ses thématiques de recherches. Nous analysons dans cet article comment la démarche développée au fil de ces écoles, sans contrainte et en suivant les envies du groupe, a permis de construire un collectif de recherche créatif et bienveillant. Nous apportons des éléments de formalisation de cette démarche et tentons d'en évaluer les résultats

Microplastiques : Terre inconnue ?: Dossier Pollution des sols agricoles

National audienceDie Verschmutzung der Böden durch Kunststoffe ist weniger gut dokumentiert als die der Ozeane, obwohl die Kunststoffmengen in den Böden massenmäßig 4 bis 23 Mal höher sein sollen als in den Ozeanen. Die "Plastikverschmutzung" ist zu einer Bedrohung für die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit geworden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Quellen von Mikroplastik und seinen Gehalt in Böden, seine Auswirkungen auf die Bodenfunktionen und die biologische Vielfalt der Böden, seinen Verbleib und Möglichkeiten, dieser Umweltbedrohung zu begegnen.Pollution of soils by plastics is less documented than that of the oceans, although the quantities of plastics in soils are thought to be 4 to 23 times greater by mass than in the oceans. "Plastic pollution" has become a threat to the environment and human health. This article reviews the sources of microplastics and their levels in soils, their impact on soil functions and biodiversity, their fate, and possible solutions for tackling this environmental threat.La contaminación por plásticos de los suelos está menos documentada que la de los océanos, a pesar de que las cantidades de plásticos en los suelos podrían ser de 4 a 23 veces mayores en masa que en los océanos. La "contaminación por plásticos" se ha convertido en una amenaza para el medio ambiente y la salud humana. Este artículo examina las fuentes de microplásticos y sus niveles en los suelos, su impacto en las funciones del suelo y la biodiversidad, qué ocurre con ellos en los suelos y qué se puede hacer para remediar esta amenaza medioambiental.La pollution des sols par les plastiques est beaucoup moins bien documentée que celle des océans, alors que les quantités de plastiques dans les sols seraient de 4 à 23 fois plus élevées en masse que dans les océans. La « pollution plastique » est devenue une menace pour l’environnement et la santé humaine. Cet article fait le point sur les sources des microplastiques et leurs teneurs dans les sols, leurs impacts sur les fonctions et la biodiversité des sols, leur devenir et les pistes pour remédier à cette menace environnementale

La construction d’un collectif scientifique créatif et bienveillant par la mobilisation des émotions et des sens à travers les liens sciences-art : Le Réseau Matières Organiques

International audienceCONSTRUCTION OF A CREATIVE AND WELCOMING SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIVE THROUGH THE MOBILIZATION OF EMOTIONS AND SENSES VIA SCIENCE-ART LINKS:The french Organic Matter NetworkCompetition, publication, projects, funding, career: researchers are "squeezed like lem-ons". These pressures can erode their creativity. For the past ten years, the Organic Matter Network has been organizing research schools, with a major part devoted to original creative activities based on the sensorial, artistic or poetic perception of its research themes. We analyze in this article how the approach developed during these research schools, without constraint and following the desires of the group, has contributed to build a creative and friendly research collective. We try to formalize this approach and to evaluate its results.Concurrence, compétition, publication, projets, financement, carrière : les chercheurs sont « pressés comme des citrons ». Ces pressions peuvent briser leur créativité. Le Réseau Matières Organiques organise depuis dix ans des écoles-chercheurs laissant une large part à des ateliers créatifs originaux basés sur la perception sensorielle, artistique ou poétique de ses thématiques de recherches. Nous analysons dans cet article comment la démarche développée au fil de ces écoles, sans contrainte et en suivant les envies du groupe, a permis de construire un collectif de recherche créatif et bienveillant. Nous apportons des éléments de formalisation de cette démarche et tentons d'en évaluer les résultats

Worms and minerals influence the biogeochemistry and turnover of composted organic matter

Worms and minerals influence the biogeochemistry and turnover of composted organic matter. 28 th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistr