Lire l'hétérogénéité romanesque

Lire l’hétérogénéité romanesque, troisième volume de la collection « Approches interdisciplinaires de la lecture », rassemble les communications présentées dans le cadre du séminaire AIL tenu à Reims en 2007-2008. La catégorie de l’hétérogène, comme celle de l’autre, objet du séminaire de l’an passé, traverse toutes les disciplines. De la simple différence d’éléments composant un tout selon une unification que certains qualifieront de dialectique, à la dissemblance plus accusée mettant en péril la belle unité du tout ainsi formé, se laisse déjà entrevoir l’ambivalence de l’hétérogénéité. La première partie de ce volume s’attache à en étudier les effets dans le cadre spécial de « L’expérience de lecture romanesque ». La seconde, « Lire la peinture par le roman ou le roman par la peinture ? », s’intéresse aux problèmes posés par l’association entre écriture romanesque et expression picturale. Complémentarité ? Coprésence dérangeante ? Deux formes encore de l'hétérogénéité

Polyphenolic composition of a natural pasture. Variation in function of the period of harvesting

International audienc

Adaptive response of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to a dehumidification stress

International audienc

Les flavonoïdes, des fourrages au lait

National audienc

Cadmium buffer power, a tool to predict Cd bioavailability for wheat?

International audienc

EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ON IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF TANNIN CONTAINING FEEDSTUFFS FROM NORTH AFRICAN ARID ZONE

The influence of tannins present in arid zone forages from North Africa: Aristida plumosa, Danthonia forskahlii, Astragalus gombiformis, Genista saharae, two date palm fractions (leaves and racemes), and vetch-oat hay taken as control on in vitro gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was evaluated. Chemical analysis revealed the low nutritional quality of these forages. They were high in NDF, ADF and lignin (679.5, 455.7 and 86 g/kg DM, respectively) and low in nitrogen (< 12 g/kg DM) except for Astragalus that had 20 g N/kg DM. Phenolic compounds (total phenols, total tannins and total condensed tannins) were 61.8, 49.1 and 36.2 g/kg DM for palm leaves followed by Astragalus, racemes, Genista, Aristida and Danthonia. Gas production ranged between 55.2 and 152.6 mL/g DM whereas IVOMD ranged between 21 and 56.5%. Addition of PEG resulted in an overall increase in both gas production (20.2%) and IVOMD (30.7%), with the exception of Danthonia and Aristida. The largest increment for gas production was recorded for Aristida (low tannins content). However, the higher increase in IVOMD was noted for racemes, Astragalus and palm leaves (high tannins content). The variable responses among forages studied suggest that factors other than phenolic compounds also affect in vitro fermentation

Method development for peptidome characterization

absen

Response of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to a decrease in air relative humidity

National audienc

Milk and plasma proteomes from cows facing diet-induced milk fat depression are related to immunity, lipid metabolism and inflammation

Milk proteins are a source of bioactive molecules for calves and humans that may also reflect the physiology and metabolism of dairy cows. Dietary lipid supplements are classically used to modulate the lipid content and composition of bovine milk, with potential impacts on the nutrient’s homeostasis and the systemic inflammation of cows that remains to be more explored. This study aimed at identifying discriminant proteins and their associated pathways in twelve Holstein cows (87 ± 7 days in milk), multiparous and non-pregnant, fed for 28 d a diet either, supplemented with 5% DM intake of corn oil and with 50% additional starch from wheat in the concentrate (COS, n = 6) chosen to induce a milk fat depression, or with 3% DM intake of hydrogenated palm oil (HPO, n = 6) known to increase milk fat content. Intake, milk yield and milk composition were measured. On d 27 of the experimental periods, milk and blood samples were collected and label-free quantitative proteomics was performed on proteins extracted from plasma, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and skimmed milk (SM). The proteomes from COS and HPO samples were composed of 98, 158 and 70 unique proteins, respectively, in plasma, MFGM and SM. Of these, the combination of a univariate and a multivariate partial least square discriminant analyses reveals that 15 proteins in plasma, 24 in MFGM and 14 in SM signed the differences between COS and HPO diets. The 15 plasma proteins were related to the immune system, acute-phase response, regulation of lipid transport and insulin sensitivity. The 24 MFGM proteins were related to the lipid biosynthetic process and secretion. The 14 SM proteins were linked mainly to immune response, inflammation and lipid transport. This study proposes discriminant milk and plasma proteomes, depending on diet-induced divergence in milk fat secretion, that are related to nutrient homeostasis, inflammation, immunity and lipid metabolism. The present results also suggest a higher state of inflammation with the COS diet