Tri Rismaharini's Androgynous Leadership: Strategizing “Hegemonic Masculinity”i

This paper analyses the leadership style of Tri Rismaharini, the Mayor of Surabaya City (2010-2020) using feminist research methodology by centralizing on women‟s personal experiences in a specific context to gain knowledge based on their real life experiences. It employed a qualitative approach by using various videos and written materials of Risma‟s attitudes and experiences as a female political leader. The findings discover that unlike the common feminine leadership style of Indonesian female political leaders, Risma‟s shows a masculine leadership style. It can be seen from her assertive approaches while closing down Gang Dolly located in Surabaya as the biggest red-light district in Southeast Asia. Interestingly, Risma‟s masculinity is combined with motherly value which results in an androgynous leadership style. This paper shows that rather than merely accepting the western notion which believes that the more a woman shows masculinity, the more she hits the ground running for exercising power in the male-dominated political atmosphere. This paper would like to show that Javanese society‟s acceptance of Risma‟s leadership style indicates their approval for female leadership and wider tolerance towards new value of masculinity performed by a female leader despite inconsistency with the gender normative standard of feminine Javanese women. This paper concludes by emphasizing that Risma‟s masculine leadership traits can be seen as strategizing a move towards hijacking “hegemonic masculinity”

Female Leadership and Democratization in Local Politics Since 2005: Trend, Prospect, and Reflection in Indonesia

Analisis dan refleksi mengenai perkembangan demokratisasi di Indonesia pasca-OrdeBaru (setelah lengsernya Suharto sejak Mei 1998) dapat ditinjau dari perkembangandemokratisasi di tingkat lokal. Kebijakan desentralisasi baru, khususnya mengenaimekanisme pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung (pemilukada langsung) sejaktahun 2005, merupakan salah satu rangkaian demokratisasi di tingkat lokal. Tulisanini menganalisis demokratisasi di tingkat lokal, khususnya melihat dampak pemilukadalangsung terhadap peran politik dan kepemimpinan perempuan. menganalisis tatacara pemilihan kepala daerah sesuai ketentuan UU No. 32/2004 dan data jumlah kandidat perempuan yang mencalonkan diri dalam pemilukada langsung sejak tahun 2005memberikan gambaran tren, karakteristik, dan prospek kepemimpinan perempuanyang muncul di tingkat lokal. Analisis terhadap tren dan karakteristik kepemimpinan perempuan di tingkat lokal sebagai dampak positif demokratisasi di Indonesiamerefleksikan pemahaman baru tentang peran agama (khususnya Islam), gender, danhubungan kekerabatan (familial ties) sebagai faktor penting yang ditemukan dibalikfenomena politik tersebut

The Comparison Effect of Aloe Vera L., Psidium Guajava Linn, Curcuma Domestica Val to Colitis Ulcerative Mice Models Histopatology

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease limited to the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. UC treatments was aimed to decrease inflammation and oxidation process on colon. Nowadays people start using hermal medicine to attentuate inflammation and oxidation process in ulcerative colitis, e.g. Aloe vera, Psidium guajava Linn, Curcuma domestica Val.Objective: to compare the effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract, Psidium guajava Linn ethanol extract, Curcuma domestica Val ethanol extract on histopatology of ulcerative colitis.Methods: experimental comparative research with completely randomized design. Mice were divided on 5 groups (n=6) which were given Aloe vera ethanol extract 700 mg/kgBB and DSS 2,5%; Psidium guajava Linn ethanol extract 1.591,2 mg/kgBB and DSS 2,5%; Curcuma domestica Val ethanol extract 180.816 mg/kgBB and DSS 2,5%; aquadest and DSS 2,5% (positive control); aquadest (negative control). Data were analyze with ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test with a=0.05.Results: there were a decrement percentage of crypt loss on Aloe vera ethanol extract group (10.5 +- 4,64681%), Psidium guajava Linn ethanol extract group (11 +- 2,09762%), Curcuma domestica Val ethanol extract group (9 +- 3,09839%) compared with positive control group (26.8 +- 1,72240%)(p<0.05). Aloe vera ethanol extract, Psidium guajava Linn ethanol extract, Curcuma domestica Val ethanol extract had same effectivity (p>0.05).Conclusion: Aloe vera ethanol extract, Psidium guajava Linn ethanol extract, Curcuma domestica Val ethanol extract had same effectivity on decreasing percentage of crypt loss on colitis ulcerative histopatology of mice induced by DSS 2.5%