Soil organic matter (SOM), phosphate-P and total organic N levels of sterile or non-sterile soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-hydroxyquinoline/g soil.

<p>Bars indicate 1 SE. Two way ANOVA was carried out for the effect of soil sterilization and HQ concentration and their interaction on SOM, PO₄-P and total organic N levels in soil.</p

Microbial activity as determined by CO₂ release (µg CO₂ released/g soil/h) of soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-Hydroxyquinoline/g soil.

<p>Bars indicate 1 SE. Asterisks indicate significant difference between treatments and control (0 µg HQ/g soil) at the level of P<0.05.</p

Relative root length (%) of <i>Brassica campestris</i> and <i>Phalaris minor</i> when grown in non-sterile or sterile soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-hydroxyquinoline/g soil.

<p>Root length of untreated control (0 µg HQ/g soil) is taken as 100%, and root length of both the assay species were calculated to the zero level of HQ. Bars indicate 1 SE. Asterisks indicate significant difference between treatments and control at the level of P<0.05.</p

The impact of HQ-amended C-modified soil on root growth of <i>Phalaris minor</i> (A) and <i>Brassica campestris</i>, and HQ recovery was studied.

<p>(A and B) Relative root length (%) of <i>P. minor</i> (A) and <i>B. campestris</i> (B) when grown in C-amended (0, 233 or 450 µg C/g soil) soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-hydroxyquinoline/g soil. Root length of untreated control (0 µg HQ/g soil) is taken as 100%, and root length of both the assay species were calculated to the zero level of HQ, (C) Recovery of 8-hydroxyquinoline from C-amended (0, 233 or 450 µg C/g soil) soil treated with 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-hydroxyquinoline/g soil. Bars indicate 1 SE.</p

8-Hydroxyquinoline recovery from sterile or non-sterile soil treated with 80, 160 or 240 µg HQ/g soil.

<p>Bars indicate 1 SE.</p

Organic matter (OM)-enriched soil had higher values of total organic nitrogen and CO₂ release compared to soil not enriched with OM (control soil).

<p>We examined the impacts of HQ-amended OM-enriched soil on plant growth, HQ recovery and total phenolics content of soil. (A) Total organic N and CO₂ release in soil enriched with organic matter and unamended control soil, (B) Relative root length (%) of <i>Brassica campestris</i> and <i>Phalaris minor</i> when grown in OM-enriched non-sterile soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg 8-hydroxyquinoline/g soil. Root length of untreated control (0 µg HQ/g soil) is taken as 100%, (C) Recovery of 8-hydroxyquinoline from organic matter-enriched non-sterile soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg HQ/g soil, (D) Total phenolic content of 8-hydroxyquinoline from OM-enriched non-sterile soil treated with 0, 80, 160 or 240 µg HQ/g soil. Bars indicate 1 SE. Asterisks indicate significant differences in the treatment from control at the level of P<0.001.</p

Appendix C. A table presenting the volatile compounds collected from headspace of leaf litter of Ageratina adenophora of different regional origins.

A table presenting the volatile compounds collected from headspace of leaf litter of Ageratina adenophora of different regional origins

Appendix D. Tables for two-way ANOVAs for the effects of region (Mexico, China, or India) and population on the concentration of six selected terpenes from Ageratina adenophora.

Tables for two-way ANOVAs for the effects of region (Mexico, China, or India) and population on the concentration of six selected terpenes from Ageratina adenophora

Appendix A. Figures summarizing seedling length and germination data of Bidens biternata and Bambusa arundinacea grown in the presence or absence of Ageratina adenophora leaf litter.

Figures summarizing seedling length and germination data of Bidens biternata and Bambusa arundinacea grown in the presence or absence of Ageratina adenophora leaf litter

Appendix B. A figure presenting volatiles collected from headspace of 200-mg air-dried leaf material of three different origins.

A figure presenting volatiles collected from headspace of 200-mg air-dried leaf material of three different origins